What is the definition of heredity?

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

The development of genetic mutations

The process of natural selection

The genetic makeup of an individual

The physical appearance of an individual

The result of genetic mutations

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

What is a dominant allele?

An allele that is expressed over a recessive allele

An allele that is inherited from both parents

An allele that only affects females

An allele that is less common in a population

Homozygous refers to:

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Having more than two alleles for a particular gene

Being unaffected by genetic variations

What is a recessive allele?

An allele that only produces its characteristic phenotype when homozygous.

An allele that always produces a dominant phenotype when present.

An allele that always produces its characteristic phenotype when present.

An allele that only produces its characteristic phenotype when heterozygous.

What is a Punnett square used for?

Predicting the potential offspring genotype and phenotype based on the parents' alleles.

Calculating the probability of a mutation occurring in a gene.

Determining the frequency of a specific allele in a population.

Analyzing the expression of dominant alleles in an individual.

Heredity and Variation

Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

HEREDITY:Inheritance and Variation

S9Q3 - Quiz No. 2: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation

Allele variation of a specific gene Artificial Insemination (AI) collecting and preserving semen from sires and using artificial means to introduce it to the dam’s reproductive tract Body Cells make up the organs and tissue of an animal and have chromosomes in pairs, called diploids Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) gene editing technology Codominance heterozygous individual expresses the phenotype of both alleles simultaneously Complete Dominance heterozygous gene pair is expressed the same as a homozygous dominant gene pair Crossbreeding sire from one breed and a dam from another, with each breed excelling in a certain characteristic to benefit the producer and the offspring Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) stores genetic information and acts as a blueprint for all genetic material in the organism in two strands arranged in a double helix Dominant Alleles represent a dominant phenotype and are expressed as uppercase letters Embryo Transfer eggs are collected from a desirable female, fertilized and then implanted in several other females Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) measure of the heritability of breeding values and traits Gametes fulfill the purpose of sexual reproduction, passing on half of the genetic code in the form of sperm and ovum and are also called haploids or sex cells Genotype organism's genetic composition, which determines its heredity potential and limitations Grading Up using a purebred sire to breed grade (unregistered or commercial) females Heritability degree to which offspring resemble their parent for a particular trait Heterosis (Hybrid Vigor) ability of crossbred animals to have the best traits from each parent Heterozygosity phenomenon of inheriting a different version of an allele from each biological parent Homozygosity phenomenon of inheriting the same version of an allele from each biological parent Inbreeding breeding of closely related animals with the goal of concentrating traits from a superior individual Incomplete Dominance dominant allele does not completely overcome the recessive Law of Dominance states genes will express themselves with the dominant gene appearing in the phenotype Law of Independent Assortment states unlinked or distantly linked gene pairs separate independently of other genes Law of Segregation states paired genes must segregate equally into gametes in a way so offspring have an equal likelihood of inheriting either factor Locus place on a chromosome where a gene is found Meiosis process of cellular reproduction of gametes and results in four genetically different daughter cells Mitosis process of cellular reproduction of body cells which creates two genetically identical daughter cells Outcrossing breeding highly unrelated individuals within a breed Phenotype all the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with its environment Polygenic Traits controlled by many gene pairs Punnett Square graphical representation of the possible genotypes of an offspring arising from a particular breeding, using letters to represent the genes Recessive Alleles non-dominant phenotypes which can still affect the appearance of an animal, but not as commonly, and are expressed as lowercase letters Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) replicates genetic information found in DNA to build proteins in processes known as transcription and translation Simply Inherited Traits typically controlled by one gene pair

Heredity and Genetics

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