Question 1

How does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA influence the structure and function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the order of amino acids in proteins.

Answer

The DNA sequence only affects the size of proteins.

Answer

DNA sequences do not influence proteins at all.

Answer

Proteins are formed without the influence of DNA.

Question 2

What is the central dogma in molecular biology and how does it relate to DNA and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The central dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins.

Answer

It suggests that RNA is the source of all genetic information.

Answer

The central dogma states that proteins directly create DNA.

Answer

The central dogma indicates that DNA and proteins are unrelated.

Question 3

Why is the order of nucleotides in a DNA sequence critical for protein function?

Accepted Answer

It dictates the sequence of amino acids in a protein, affecting its shape and function.

Answer

It changes the color of the protein.

Answer

It only affects the amount of protein produced.

Answer

It has no impact on the protein's function.

Question 4

How do cells translate the genetic code in DNA into functional proteins?

Accepted Answer

Cells transcribe DNA into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins.

Answer

Cells convert DNA directly into proteins without any intermediates.

Answer

Proteins are synthesized first and then converted into RNA.

Answer

DNA creates proteins directly without the need for RNA.

Question 5

What role does messenger RNA (mRNA) play in the process of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein assembly.

Answer

mRNA is responsible for storing genetic information in the nucleus.

Answer

mRNA is only used to replicate DNA molecules.

Answer

mRNA directly forms proteins without ribosomes.

Question 6

What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

tRNA transports the correct amino acids to the ribosome to match the mRNA codons.

Answer

tRNA provides energy for protein synthesis.

Answer

tRNA transcribes DNA into proteins directly.

Answer

tRNA is responsible for copying the DNA sequence into RNA.

Question 7

Why is the sequence of amino acids important in determining a protein's function?

Accepted Answer

The sequence specifies how the protein folds into its unique three-dimensional shape.

Answer

The sequence prevents the protein from degrading.

Answer

The sequence controls the speed of protein synthesis.

Answer

The sequence determines the color of the protein.

Question 8

What is the significance of the genetic code being universal across nearly all organisms?

Accepted Answer

It means that the same DNA sequence codes for the same amino acids across different species.

Answer

It suggests that all organisms share identical DNA sequences.

Answer

It implies that all organisms have the same number of genes.

Answer

It indicates that all organisms produce the same types of proteins.

Question 9

How does the structure of a DNA molecule facilitate the accurate replication of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

The complementary base pairing allows for each strand to serve as a template for replication.

Answer

DNA structure ensures that replication only occurs during cell division.

Answer

The double helix directs the assembly of amino acids into proteins.

Answer

The phosphate backbone produces energy for cellular activities.

Question 10

In what way does a change in the DNA sequence affect the protein produced?

Accepted Answer

A change in DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence, potentially changing protein function.

Answer

DNA sequence changes never affect protein synthesis.

Answer

Changes in DNA sequence only affect cell division, not protein production.

Answer

A change in DNA sequence will always result in the same protein being produced.

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