A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the gender gap in the level of achievement in terms of income, education, and life expectancy.

A measurement of the total final goods and services produced within a country within given year.

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy

refers to a country where its people have the basic necessities of life, plus the majority of people have money for luxuries. A country that has a high level of economic development - Real GDP per capital plus a high standard of living.

Countries at the lowest ends of varying measures of development; aka periphery or semi-periphery countries.

Development that combines housing and businesses in one area

The percentage of a country's people who can read and write.

The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry.

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.

The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.

The number of births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19

A member-owned, member-governed business that operates for the benefit of its members according to common principles agreed upon by the international cooperative community.

Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.

the percentage of the population aged 16 or older that is in the labor force

Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.

A United Nations index, introduced in 2010, which measures a country's loss of achievement due to gender inequality, based on reproductive health, employment, and general empowerment.

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country

Provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries

The number of enrolled students divided by the number of teachers

A monetary measurement of development that takes into account what money buys in different countries.

Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens more for services.

Seventeen goals adopted by the U.N. in 2015 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2030.

the ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than another country can

an international bank that offers low-interest loans, advice, and information to developing nations

an international organization that acts as a lender of last resort, providing loans to troubled nations, and also works to promote trade through financial cooperation

a decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to suppliers in developing countries

GDP divided by the number of people in the population

quality of life based on ownership of necessities and luxuries that make life easier

a proportional saving in costs gained by an increased level of production (more production = cheaper input costs)