In water, a distinctive temperature transition zone that separates an upper layer that is mixed by wind and a colder, deep layer that is not mixed

measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14

A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the ocean's surface

an oceanic circulation pattern that drives the mixing of surface water and deep water

Highest point of a wave

Lowest point of a wave

The distance that the wind has traveled across open water

a subsurface current that is near shore and that pulls objects out to sea

A rush of water that flows rapidly back to sea through a narrow opening

A water current that travels near and parallel to the shoreline

A type of movement of water in which, rather than moving downstream, the water moves every which way.

vertical currents of ocean water that result from density differences between water masses

Measure of the amount salts dissolved in seawater, which is 35 ppt on average.

Plots changing ocean water temperatures with depth, which varies, depending on location and season.

the warm, top layer of ocean water

The bottom layer of the ocean that extends from the base of the thermocline to the ocean floor.

96.5% water, 3% sodium & chloride,.5% other salts.

decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels

masses of water that flow from one place to another

large whirls of water within an ocean basin

The movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface

ocean energy traveling along the boundary between the ocean and the atmosphere

long wave of water that moves continuously without breaking

Foamy mass of water that washes onto the shore

Waves approach the shore at an angle. Waves bend when they approach shallow water.