¿Cuáles botones conforman el mouse o ratón?

Botón primario, secundario, central

¿Qué se debe hacer primero para encender una computadora?

Presionar el botón de encendido del CPU y del monitor.

I Quiz Informatica Educativa. Escolares. T.Dayan

Crea un quiz sul seguente articolo di giornale: "Faggin: «Chi ci vende l'Intelligenza artificiale ci sta truffando: dobbiamo svegliarci» L'inventore del microprocessore: «Sfruttano i nostri dati e mirano a convincerci che siamo macchine» 22 settembre 2023 «Riconoscere le nostre origini è fondamentale per andare lontano», sottolinea mons. Paolo Andreolli, un "figlio" di Pojana Maggiore da poco nominato da papa Francesco vescovo a Belém in Brasile, premiato dal presidente Giancarlo Bersan della Bcc Vicentino Pojana Maggiore all'incontro organizzato dalla banca di credito cooperativo con dipendenti, sindaco Paola Fortuna, autorità, imprenditori per ascoltare il prof. Federico Faggin. "Origini" per mons. Andreolli e Bcc di Pojana, sono prima di tutto i valori della cooperazione, della solidarietà, della creatività, del servizio al territorio berico. E ora come noto proprio Federico Faggin - "figlio" di Vicenza che ha fatto fortuna in America come inventore del microprocessore e del touchscreen - col libro "Irriducibile" che non si stanca di presentare ovunque ha rivoluzionato l'idea di quali siano le "origini" dell'umanità e della materia. L'esperienza di Faggin parte incredibilmente da due fatti, come racconta lui stesso, che risalgono a più di 30 anni fa. Da una parte il successo delle sue scoperte e delle aziende da lui fondate non gli impediva di provare una sofferenza interiore: «Era la mia coscienza: vivevo troppo di esteriorità». Dall'altra una notte nel 1990 sentì sprigionarsi dal petto «un fascio di luce, energia bianca potentissima che poi scoppia e si espande: tutta la realtà era fatta di quella energia, e io stesso ero sì osservatore ma anche parte di quella realtà». La ricerca Per oltre 25 anni, ricostruisce Faggin, ha quindi lavorato alla sfida più grande, vivendo «la mia quarta vita dopo l'infanzia e le esperienze da inventore e da imprenditore: la riscoperta di chi siamo e di cos'è l'essere umano». Il suo obiettivo iniziale era creare un computer che, come le reti neurali, possa "imparare da solo": è la stessa pista «che ha permesso di giungere all'intelligenza artificiale, allora giudicata impossibile». Ma qui arriva il punto: studiando per anni più branche del sapere umano, Faggin arriva a concludere che l'esperienza della coscienza che ognuno di noi ha in sé, nel sentire il sapore del cioccolato, o il profumo di rosa, o l'amore per un figlio, «non è assolutamente traducibile in segnali elettrici» che sono il cuore di qualsiasi computer. La coscienza è "irriducibile". È l'inizio per Faggin dell'elaborazione della sua teoria della coscienza, destinata a rovesciare l'intera piramide della nostra scienza. Tradizionalmente noi pensiamo che prima esistano gli atomi di materia, poi si sia giunti a certe loro aggregazioni particolari che formano le cellule e quindi gli esseri viventi, e infine che ci siano alcuni esseri evoluti in cui si sono sviluppati la coscienza e il libero arbitrio. Invece per Faggin - ma bisogna leggere il libro intero per cercare di entrare in questa rivoluzionaria lettura della realtà - è la coscienza che viene prima, e con lei il libero arbitrio: «È una proprietà fondamentale che non nasce dal cervello, ma va ben oltre quello che fa il cervello». Ciò che esiste prima di tutto, per Faggin, è un "Uno" fatto di coscienza da cui emergono dei "campi di coscienza e libero arbitrio", che vogliono conoscersi dialogando tra loro: come? Con le regole della fisica, con la materia e con le singole fisicità: è come una specie di enorme "alfabeto fisico" grazie a cui la coscienza si conosce meglio. «Il nostro corpo - rileva Faggin - è fatto allo stesso modo: ogni cellula ha dentro di sé il genoma dell'uovo fecondato che ha creato l'intero organismo. Vuol dire che ogni cellula (ne abbiamo 50 trilioni) è una parte-intero. Così come noi esseri viventi siamo parte-intero di Uno, della totalità, di tutto ciò che esiste e che è coscienza: gli oggetti nello spazio-tempo sono la parte più illusoria, mentre quella più profonda è la vera realtà». La "trappola" dei computer Già una quindicina di anni fa quindi Faggin ha venduto anche l'ultima sua azienda e ha creato con sua moglie Elvira Sardei una fondazione «per dare soldi a gruppi di ricerca che non trovano fondi, perché se uno parte dal principio che la coscienza non è prodotta dal cervello non trova neanche un quattrino: tutti sostengono che deve derivare dal cervello, questa è la visione della scienza che è invece completamente sbagliata. Per i fisici il libero arbitrio non esiste e la coscienza viene dal cervello, che è una macchina che fa i conti. Ecco perché l'Intelligenza artificiale porta a questa distorsione: parte da questo concetto che la coscienza sia un epi-fenomeno del cervello. Ma che senso ha essere coscienti e non avere il libero arbitrio? Sarebbe una sorta di maxi-presa in giro dell'universo verso di noi». E ciò che è peggio - e qui Faggin si scalda - è che c'è un interesse specifico di una parte di esseri umani nel far credere a tutti che il cervello non sia altro che una sorta di computer, che diventa perfino superato quando sul mercato arrivano sistemi informatici come l'Intelligenza artificiale più "bravi" di noi. «Ma il computer l'abbiamo creato noi, non lui noi: ci stanno facendo un lavaggio del cervello». L'appello «Dobbiamo svegliarci: l'Intelligenza artificiale può essere usata bene, invece che per schiavizzarci come sta avvenendo oggi». Usi il traduttore automatico tra una lingua e l'altra? Bene, ma devi conoscerle bene tu quelle lingue perché se ti fidi e basta usciranno molti errori: lui lavora velocissimo coi "simboli", ma non sa affatto i "significati". «Dobbiamo sempre essere a un livello più alto del "tool", dello strumento usato. Chi vende queste cose vuole convincerci che l'Intelligenza artificiale ci risolve i problemi. Non è così: "aiuta" a risolverli, è ben diverso. Siamo noi a dover mantenere la responsabilità delle azioni, invece ci presentano l'Ia come ce ne sollevasse. È sempre stato così: il computer dà risultati velocissimi? Bene, ma dipende dalle informazioni e dalle regole iniziali che gli sono stati dati. Non posso lasciar perdere il buon senso, se no è la fine: l'uomo diventa una appendice del computer, ed è esattamente quello che vogliono le persone che creano il computer e che lo vendono. Non è accettabile che i nostri governanti non capiscano e non prendano provvedimenti per regolare questa tecnologia. Vedo un pericolo enorme in queste cose per come ci vengono presentate. Non si possono vendere gli uomini, ma i robot sì: è una mentalità perniciosissima che purtroppo viene dalla Silicon Valley, da ditte che per fare soldi hanno iniziato a usare alle nostre spalle le informazioni personali che noi consegniamo pensando che sia tutto gratis. Ma l'Intelligenza artificiale che imita l'uomo per ingannarlo non è etica. È la logica dell'advertising: farti credere che ciò che ti viene venduto è più di quello che è in realtà. La scienza purtroppo ci ripete da sempre che siamo macchine, come i computer, ma non è così»."

Create a quiz with these questions: Fill in the gaps with suitable determiners: I have _______ friends who are interested in antiques. (a few / few) There is _______ traffic on the road today. (a lot of / little) Do you have _______ money to buy that painting? (any / some) She doesn’t like _______ cheese on her pizza. (much / many) He bought _______ books at the sale. (a lot of / a little) There is _______ water in the bottle. (some / any) She has _______ talent for music. (a lot of / little) He doesn’t have _______ information about the antiques. (some / any) They have _______ bread left for breakfast. (a loaf of / a bottle of) She drank _______ wine at the party. (a bottle of / a loaf of)

Phrasal Verb Quiz Instructions: Choose the best meaning for the bold phrasal verb in each sentence. She looked up a word in the dictionary. A) To stare at something B) To find information in a book or online C) To write a new word She looked up at the sky. A) To raise your eyes to see something above B) To search for a specific star C) To feel happy He always tries to get out of doing his chores. A) To leave the house B) To finish work quickly C) To avoid doing something you don't want to do Why didn’t you call me back last night? A) To shout at someone B) To return a phone call C) To remember a name She was bored at the party, so she took off. A) To start dancing B) To leave suddenly C) To remove her coat I can’t figure out the answer to this question. A) To understand or solve something B) To draw a picture C) To forget a fact I am free on Sunday. Do you want to come over? A) To go to a store B) To visit someone’s house C) To call someone on the phone He had to make up a story about a dragon and a princess. A) To read a book aloud B) To invent or create a story C) To fix a mistake After three years in college, she suddenly dropped out. A) To graduate with honors B) To stop attending school before finishing C) To fall down the stairs My manager handed out the reports during the meeting. A) To give something to many people in a group B) To throw something away C) To write a report by hand I had to fill out a form. A) To complete a document by writing information B) To make something bigger C) To throw a paper in the trash I ran into some old friends yesterday. A) To race against someone B) To meet someone by chance (unexpectedly) C) To call someone on purpose We will pick up our parents from the airport tonight. A) To lift something heavy B) To collect someone in a car C) To say goodbye When are you going to give up smoking? A) To start a new habit B) To stop doing something C) To buy something expensive My teacher crossed out my mistakes with a red pen. A) To draw a line through something B) To highlight something important C) To give a good grade I should go over my notes before my presentation. A) To lose your papers B) To review or check something carefully C) To write new notes

We found you were making a quiz on the subject of "What is a rubric? A tool comprising a set of criteria (with possible levels of performance quality on the criteria) developed to assess learners’ work, from written to oral to visual. It is used tomeasureperformance,suchastheprocess of doing something (e.g.,playing a musical instrument, making a speech) or products of the learners’ work (e.g., concept map, laboratory report, bookshelf) (Brookhart, 2013). BENEFITS OF USING RUBRICS Support authentic assessment Reflects how well learners are able to apply knowledge inthe real-world context. Communicate expectations Gives learners an idea of what is expected of them. It is especially useful when the rubrics are communicated to the learners before they are assessed. Improve performance Explicit criteria and performance level descriptions allow learners to understand the desired performance. Learners are able to assess themselves by referring to the specific criteria and performance-level descriptions. Provide informative feedback Instructors are able to provide constructive feedback to learners on their weaknesses and strengths. Promote thinking andlearning 4 Provide informative feedback Instructors are able to provide constructive feedback to learners on their weaknesses and strengths. Learners are able to review and revise their work,thus reflecting on their learning experiences. Ensure fairness Learner performance assessed fairly given its objectivity. It helps avoid disputes between learners and instructors about the scores/grades achieved. TYPES OF RUBRIC ANALYTIC It consists of individual criterion with corresponding descriptor of performance. HOLISTIC It consists of performance descriptors that are placed together to refeclet to overalll performance. ANATOMY OF ANANALYTIC RUBRIC Rating scales with corresponding scores or weights The row represents the criteria for the desired performance, while the column represents the evaluation score. Under the rating scale (corresponding weights orscorescanbeassigned),theperformance descriptors are explicitly stated ANATOMYOF AHOLISTICRUBRIC Descriptions: It comprises the rating scale (corresponding weights or scores can be assigned) in the row while the combined desired performance descriptors are placed in the column. Description of the task The purpose of the assignment is to assess learner’s cognitive and analytic skills in applying knowledge gained and constructed throughout the course Diffusion of Innovation,bywatching the Surrogates movieand writing ananalytical review of the movie in the context of innovation diffusion.Iwant to provide learners with informative feedback on their cognitive and analytic skills such as the following: applying the concepts of innovation diffusion,making judgmentson the scenes related to innovation diffusion identified from the movie,selecting and critiquing theories of innovation diffusion and making connections between the theories,aswell asarguingand proposing necessary solutions to the problemss hown in the movie. ESTABLISHING ALTERNATIVEASSESSMENTINHIGHEREDUCATION VALIDITYAND RELIABILITYOF RUBRICS. Validity Measuring what is supossedto be measured. Reability Yielding consists results. Instruments that are used in the alternative assessment must be aligned to the learning outcomes and measure well what it intends to measure (valid) and produce consistent scores (reliable). The valid instrument will manifest the true ability (latent trait) of learners and permit appropriate inferences to be made about a specific group of people for specific purposes. TYPES OF VALIDITY FACE VALIDITY Simple form of validity thatapplies a superficial and subjective assessment whether the instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. CONTENT VALIDITY Refers to the extent to which the items on a measure assess the same content or how wellthe content material was sampled inthe measure. CONSTRUCT VALIDITY Refers to the extent to which the test may be said to measure a theoretical construct or trait. CONCURRENT VALIDITY Refers to the extent to which scores onanewmeasure are related to scores from a criterion measure administered at the same time. PREDICTIVE VALIDITY Refers to the uses of the scores from the new measure to predict performance on a criterion measure administered ata later time. STEPS TO CONSIDER WHEN ESTABLISHING CONTENT VALIDITY Calculate the level of expert agreeement for the content validity, get expert to verfy. Interview the expert ,make meta contentdata análisis from literatura. STEPS TO CONSIDER WHEN ESTABLISHING CONSTRUCCT VALIDITY Administer the instrument for alll learners, revise any item necccesay, run an apropriates statistical analiysis, administerthe instrument to learners as a pilot test . CONSTRUCTMAP Morepreciseconceptthan construct. Ranges from one extreme to another(fromhightolow,small tolarge,positivetonegative,or strongtoweak). Identifiesthepositionofthe respondentsinthisrange. Representativenessofsampling (questions and ability of respondents). EXAMPLEO FACONSTRUCTMAP:AFFECTIVE LEVELOF AFFECTIVE VARIABLES EXAMPLESOFITEMSIN MEASURINGTEAM WORKING SKILLS 5. Characterisation Learnersvolunteerstodothe groupworks. 4. Organisation Learners are willing to help others,althoughitisnottheir scopeoftask. 3. Valuing Learners respect other team members’opinionwhendoing thediscussion. 2. Responding Learnergivescooperationwhen neededingroupworks. 1. Receiving Learneracceptsthediversityof races and nationalities among groupmembers. EXAMPLEOFACONSTRUCTMAP:PSYCHOMOTOR LEVELOF PSYCHOMOTOR VARIABLES EXAMPLESOFITEMSIN MEASURING DIGITAL SKILLS 7.Origination Learnerscanmodifytheirowndevicesto performbetter. 6.Adaptation Learnerscansolveandtroubleshootthe problemwhileusingthecomputer. 5.ComplexOvertResponse Learnerscanusethecomputercompetently. 4.Mechanism Learners can use the computer independently,butstillmakeminorerrors. 3.GuidedResponses Learnerscanusethecomputer,butstill needguidance. 2.Set Learnersarereadytousethecomputer. 1.Perception Learnerscanobservehowtousecomputer. EXAMPLEOFACONSTRUCTMAP:COGNITIVE LEVELOF COGNITIV E VARIABLES EXAMPLESOFITEMS IN MEASURING THINKINGSKILLS 6. Creating Learners are able to suggest anewmodelorframeworkof learningdigitalcommunity. 5. Evaluating Learners are able to judge the impactofthescenariotowards educationperspective. 4. Analysing Learnerscandifferentiate the factsusingafew theories. 3. Applying Learnerscansolveproblems usingthefactsgiven. 2. Understanding Learnersareabletoexplainthe factsusingtheirownwords. 1. Remembering Learnersonlymemorisethe. Direction of Increasing “X” Learners Learners with high “X” Learners with mid range “X” Learners with low “X” Responses to Item Item response indicate highest level of X Item response indicate higher level of X Item response indicate lower level of X The construct map shows the lower ability students are in line with the lower level of items. This shows that when educators plan to develop an instrument, it Item response indicate lowest level of X Direction of Decreasing “X” is crucial to create an item difficulty thatrepresents learners’ ability. Learners’ ability Learners who engage in level characterisation Learners who engage in level organisation Learners who engage in level valuing Learners who engage in level responding Learners who engage in level receiving Direction of Decreasing“X” MEASURINGCONSTRUCTVALIDITY Unlike content validity, this construct validity can be analysed using statistical analysis. Use Exploratory FactorAnalysis [EFA], Confirmatory FactorAnalysis [CFA] or Unidimensionality to confirm all items are measuring the right construct and the raw variance explained for the latent variables is sufficient. Gap initem map also can show accuracy in construct validity. RELIABILITY The degree to which test scores are consistent over repeated administrations of the same/ equivalent test and therefore considered dependable and repeatable for an individual learner.A test thatproduces highly consistent and stable results (i.e. relative free from random error) is said to be highly reliable. TYPESOFRELIABILITY Test-retest demonstrates the stability of a measure over time 01 Internal consistency most of the items within a rating scale of a concept show consistency of scoring. Inter-rater the extent to which two or more independent raters are consistent in observing, recording and scoring data (should be 70% or higher agreement) 04 Intra-rater relies on one rater to rate an object or event twice (70% or higher of agreement) FACTORSAFFECTING VALIDITYANDHOWTO INCREASEVALIDITY? FACTORS AFFECTING VALIDITY HOWTO INCREASE VALIDITY? 1. Inaccuracy of items in measuringtheoutcomes 1. Vetting session to get reviewsfromtheexpert. 2. Pooritemsdevelopment 2. Followtheformatandtips indevelopinggooditems. 3. Unclearinstructions 3. Do pilot testing to measuretheusabilityof thetest. 4. Interveningevents 4. Controltheinternalthreats validityfactors. 5. Itemsdifficultyisnot suitableforthelearners 5. Create a construct map toensurethereisanitem thatrepresentslearners ability. FACTORS AFFECTING RELIABILIT Y HOWTOINCREASERELIABILITY? 1. TestLength 1. Thetestlengthshouldbeappropriate withtestdifficulty. 2. Test retest interval 2. Suggesteddurationisbetween3 weeksto2months. 3. Variability of scores 3. Doconstructmaptoensuretheitems aresuitablewithlearners’ability. 4. Guessing 4. Penalisetheguessinganswers.You alsocandetecteitherthelearnersare guessing or not using the statistical analysis named guessing analysis andpersonfitanalysis. 5. Inconsistency score from different raters 5. Appointtheratertomarkcertain questionsforalllearners(Thisalways happen when you have more than onesectionandhavemorethanone lecturer). CONCLUSION Coming back to the issue of validity and reliability in assessment, there is a need for educators to put an effort to ensurethattheitemsintheformofquestionsorinstructions arenotonlyclearbutalsoabletomeasurewhatitisintended tomeasurebasedontherelatedlearningoutcomes. Establishingvalidityandreliabilityofinstrumentscan provide educators with some indications of the quality of the measuring tools being used. Valid and reliable instruments enabletheeducatorstocontinuouslyusethemeasuringtools withoutreservation. Reliablenot valid Precisenot Accurate Reliableand valid Preciseand Accurate NotReliable butvalid NotPrecisebut Accurate NotReliable butNotvalid NotPrecisebut NotAccurate 94 ". Would you like to continue making it or start afresh?

Title: The Adventures of Max and the Magical Computer (Shortened Version) Once upon a time, in a small town called Techville, there lived a curious fourth-grader named Max. One day, while exploring his grandma’s attic, he found an old, dusty computer. As he cleaned it, the screen lit up, and a cheerful voice said, “Hello, Max! I’m Compy, your magical computer. Let’s learn about operating systems, files, and folders!” Max was thrilled. “A talking computer? Let’s go!” Chapter 1: The World of Windows Compy explained, “I run on Windows, the brain of the computer. It uses a Graphical User Interface (GUI), so you can interact with me using icons, menus, and buttons. Let’s start by changing my desktop background—the image on the screen.” Max chose a spaceship picture. “Cool! Can I add a screen saver too?” “Of course!” said Compy. “It’s an image that appears when I’m inactive. Try this swirling galaxy!” Max set the screen saver and giggled as it appeared. “This is fun!” Chapter 2: Organizing with Folders and Files Compy’s screen filled with random icons. “Oh no! My files are a mess. Can you help?” “Sure! What are files and folders?” asked Max. “A file is information, like a picture or document. Files have names, like ‘Homework.docx.’ The part after the dot, like .docx, is the file extension. It tells you the file type,” Compy explained. Max pointed to “Game.exe.” “So, this is a program file?” “Yes!” said Compy. “To organize, we use folders—like drawers for files. You can even put folders inside folders!” Max created a “School” folder, added his homework files, and made a “Projects” folder inside it. “Now everything’s neat!” Chapter 3: The File Explorer Adventure Compy’s screen flickered. “Some files are missing. Let’s use Windows Explorer to find them. It’s like a map for files and folders.” Max opened Windows Explorer and saw a tree-like list of folders. “This is like a tree with branches!” “Exactly!” said Compy. “Search for the missing files and move them to the right folders.” Max found the files in “Downloads” and moved them. “I feel like a computer detective!” Chapter 4: The Final Challenge Compy’s screen turned into a game board. “Time for a quiz! What’s the purpose of an operating system? How do you change the desktop background? What’s the difference between a file and a folder?” Max answered all the questions correctly, and fireworks lit up the screen. “Congratulations, Max! You’re a computer whiz!” The End Max smiled. “Thanks, Compy! I can’t wait to teach my friends!” Compy replied, “Remember, Max, learning is an adventure. Keep exploring!” As Max turned off the computer, he knew his journey into technology had just begun.

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