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I made a YouTube Video using ChatGPT | ChatGPT-4 Prompts | Sunny GalaMake a multiple choice quiz for my year 8 science students based on the science in this transcript from a video: 3°C 0:04 It can be the difference between snow and sleet 0:08 Wearing a jacket or not 0:11 In your day-to-day life, it may not seem significant 0:15 But 3°C of global warming would be catastrophic 0:20 Heatwaves, droughts, extreme precipitation, even fire 0:25 3°C of warming is really disastrous 0:28 The scary thing is, the world is well on its way there 0:32 Since the industrial revolution, the Earth has warmed between 1.1°C and 1.3°C 0:40 This is a problem that babies you pass in the street will have to live with 0:46 Children born today... 0:47 ...are up to seven times more likely to face extreme weather than their grandparents 0:52 If global temperatures do rise by 3°C... 0:55 ...what would their world look like? Climate change is already having devastating effects 1:03 Rising sea levels 1:05 Desertification 1:07 Hollywood has always enjoyed imagining the end of the world 1:11 While blockbusters like this are clearly fiction... 1:14 ...this film will show the scenario we all face... 1:17 ...unless more drastic measures are taken to stop burning fossil fuels 1:30 In some parts of the world the effects of inaction are already clear 1:35 The slums of Bangladesh’s capital are filling up with climate migrants 1:41 Minara comes from Bhola District, an area in southern Bangladesh 1:46 There, like many other parts of the country... 1:49 ...rivers swollen by heavier rain and melting Himalayan glaciers... 1:53 ...are washing away people’s homes 1:56 Many, like her, have lost everything 2:00 Our home in Bhola had endless amounts of land 2:03 There was lots of space for farming, we had a spacious house 2:08 There were different types of fruits, vegetation and trees growing at home 2:12 We used to eat the fruit from our own trees 2:18 I can’t eat them now because they don't exist anymore 2:21 Since the river flooded for the third time, I had to flee to Dhaka 2:26 Life was much better back home 2:29 It was unbearable to live through, truly intolerable 2:33 We didn’t have the time to save anything at all 2:38 1.1°C to 1.3°C of global warming has already transformed Minara’s life 2:45 It’s one of the reasons why so many migrants like her... 2:47 ...are moving to the city each year... 2:50 ...nearly 400,000 according to the last estimate 2:53 And climate models show there could be much worse to come How climate modelling works 3:02 Climate scientist Joeri Rogelj... 3:04 ...has spent the last ten years modelling future climate scenarios... 3:08 ...for the United Nations 3:10 The models we use to carry out this exercise... 3:13 ...really represent the state of the art... 3:15 ...of our current knowledge of climate change and where we are heading 3:19 Joeri’s projections use data collected by hundreds of scientists around the world 3:26 Here this is the 3°C level... 3:28 ...and so there is at least a one-in-four chance that under current policies... 3:32 ...we would hit 3°C by the end of the century 3:36 This is just one of the scenarios Joeri looks at 3:40 Another one imagines that all policy promises are kept 3:44 The most optimistic assumes that all promises have been kept... 3:47 ...and net-zero targets are met 3:50 Where our best estimate ends up around 2°C at the end of the century... 3:54 ...there is still a one-in-20 chance that we end up with 3°C instead 3:59 One would not be entering a plane if there is a one-in-20 chance... 4:03 ...that the plane will crash Nowhere is safe from global warming 4:07 A rise of 3°C would affect everyone 4:10 Even wealthy cities in rich countries wouldn’t be immune to the consequences 4:15 European capitals like Paris and Berlin... 4:18 ...would bake under more extreme heatwaves 4:22 Frequent storm-surges in New York could turn parts of the city desolate 4:27 In many ways, cities magnify, intensify climate events 4:33 Cities are hotter than the places around them... 4:36 ...they tend to be more vulnerable to flooding 4:39 And you can get a really bad event in a city in a way that you can’t in the countryside 4:46 And because of their denser populations... 4:49 ...disasters in a city affect far more people 4:52 Some cities might be badly prepared for the changes coming 4:56 But they have the means to adapt 4:59 Cities tend to be wealthier than surrounding places 5:03 They have a lot of amenities 5:05 A city that has taken seriously the risks of a 3°C world... 5:08 …wouldn’t necessarily be a worse place to be in a 3°C world 5:12 But a city that hasn’t prepared for these sort of eventualities... 5:16 ...that might be a really nasty place The impact of prolonged droughts 5:20 So far, many developed cities have got off lightly... 5:24 ...but some rural parts of the world are suffering disproportionately 5:29 Smallholders—small-scale farmers—are particularly vulnerable to climate change 5:35 And there are over 600 million around the world 5:38 Smallholders with farms under two hectares... 5:40 ...produce around a third of the global food supply 5:46 Central America’s “Dry Corridor”... 5:48 ...supports a mix of smallholdings and medium-sized farms 5:53 Sandwiched between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea... 5:56 ...the area is prone to droughts 6:08 Israel Ramírez Rivera is a smallholder in Guatemala 6:12 Here, climate change is making the dry seasons longer, and more severe 6:18 This is the biggest ear of maize that this plot could deliver 6:23 He depends on his crops of corn and beans 6:26 But they’re getting harder to grow 6:30 The surrounding mountains... 6:32 ...used to provide us with native food... 6:38 ...and now that isn’t an option anymore... 6:41 ...due to climate change and its effects 6:46 Nearly two-thirds of the smallholders in the Dry Corridor now live in poverty 6:52 The impact of all of this for us... 6:59 ...malnutrition among children 7:03 We’ve lost a few 7:07 For my crops especially, the midsummer heat is harder than before 7:16 The plant dries up and can’t provide us... 7:19 ...with the necessary food provision 7:24 Severe droughts in Central America... 7:26 ...are now four times more likely than they were last century 7:30 Many families from here have gone to the States 7:37 The economic despair and debts... 7:44 ...have pushed many people from this community to do this journey 7:53 Migration from Guatemala to the United States has quadrupled since 1990 7:59 Not all of this has been due to climate change 8:02 But longer droughts would force even more to move 8:05 In a 3°C world, annual rainfall in this region... 8:09 ...could drop by up to 14% 8:12 At 3°C, over a quarter of the world’s population... 8:16 ...could endure extreme droughts for at least a month of the year 8:19 Northern Africa could see droughts that last for years at a time Rising sea levels, storm surges and flooding 8:24 But for some, too much water will be the problem 8:29 10% of the world’s population lives on a coastline... 8:32 ...that’s less than 10 metres above sea level 8:35 For these coastal inhabitants, a 3°C world would spell disaster 8:40 By 2100, global sea levels could have climbed by half a metre from 2005 levels 8:46 Low-lying cities like Lagos would be especially vulnerable... 8:49 ...with up to up to a third of the population displaced 8:54 And in Fiji, rising waters are already upending lives 9:04 You can see the graveyard there, it’s all under water now... 9:08 ...due to this rising sea level and climate change 9:15 The village of Togoru in Fiji is being swallowed by the sea 9:19 Barney Dunn, the village headman, has seen over half the village disappear 9:24 Relatives’ houses have been abandoned, and family graves are now under water 9:29 We have been asked by the government to relocate... 9:32 ...but no one wants to relocate... 9:34 ...because we have our great-great-grandparents down there in the sea 9:39 This is the place we’ve been brought up in 9:41 ...it’s not easy to leave 9:44 Past attempts to build a seawall haven’t worked 9:48 But Barney sees building a new one as the village’s only hope 9:52 If they do that, maybe we can save whatever is left 9:56 But if we don’t have the seawall, then it will be keep eroding and time will come... 10:01 ...maybe in ten,15 years, Togoru will be all eroded 10:05 Rising seas also mean storms cause more floods 10:11 And many more countries could suffer 10:14 The Philippines and Myanmar are just two countries... 10:17 ...that will also see an increase in storm surges in a 3°C world 10:21 To escape, many will move… 10:24 …often, to urban areas Extreme heat and wet-bulb temperatures 10:27 Half the world’s population already lives in cities... 10:31 ...almost a third in slums 10:36 For them, a 3°C world could be deadly 10:40 Minara has moved to Dhaka to escape the impact of climate change 10:44 But life could get even worse for her 10:47 I’m struggling a lot nowadays 10:49 The heat during the day is unbearable 10:52 Even late at night it doesn’t cool down 10:57 The heat is getting more intense every day 10:59 I mean, it’s going to get much worse 11:03 I can barely survive it now, how will I live through it in the future? 11:08 Dhaka is getting hotter 11:11 In the last 20 years the average daytime temperature... 11:13 ...has crept up by nearly half a degree 11:17 Days that approach 40°C are now being reported 11:20 And high so-called wet-bulb temperatures are on the rise 11:26 A wet-bulb temperature is a measure of heat and humidity 11:30 Humans cool themselves by sweating… 11:32 But in these conditions, when relative humidity is near 100%... 11:36 ...sweat doesn’t evaporate well 11:38 So people can’t cool down… 11:41 ...even if given unlimited shade and water 11:45 At a high wet-bulb temperature, the body can’t lose heat... 11:49 ...and so it gets hotter and hotter... 11:51 ...and the body is designed to work at a given temperature 11:53 And if it gets too hot inside, you will die 11:58 The human limit for wet-bulb temperatures is 35°C... 12:02 ...around skin temperature 12:04 Dhaka will have a much higher chance... 12:05 ...of reaching dangerous wet-bulb temperatures... 12:07 ...if global warming reaches 3°C 12:12 You can’t really adapt to that 12:14 You have to get out. If the temperature is so high that you can’t work... 12:20 ...can’t do hard manual labour outside for significant parts of the year... 12:25 ...then many places will become functionally no longer part of the economy 12:33 Jacobabad in Pakistan, and Ras al Khaimah, in the United Arab Emirates... 12:37 ...have already recorded deadly wet-bulb temperatures 12:40 More of the tropics and the Persian Gulf... 12:43 ...as well as parts of Mexico and the south-eastern United States... 12:47 ...could all get to this threshold by the end of the century 12:50 Climate modelling might show us the weather Increased migration and conflict 12:52 But it doesn’t show us its other effects on society 12:56 Established migration patterns could change 12:59 Climate disasters may exacerbate reasons people cross borders 13:03 Within countries, more people will move to cities 13:07 In a 3°C world, tens of millions of people a year... 13:10 ...could be displaced by disasters made worse by climate change 13:15 When people are displaced by climate... 13:18 …they may well go to cities... 13:19 ...because cities are the places that attract people from the countryside already 13:25 A lot of people who can get to the developed world... 13:28 ...not least because the developed world tends to be less hot, will give that a go 13:35 As migration around the world increases... 13:38 ...there could be more competition for fewer resources 13:42 Water—already a highly contested resource—will be a focal point 13:47 Turkey’s new Ilisu dam has reduced the flow of water into Iraq 13:53 China lays claim to rivers vital to India and Pakistan 13:57 The prospect of a water-conflict makes people very uneasy 14:03 How national tensions would exacerbate those sorts of reactions... 14:08 ...in a 3°C world... 14:09 ...is the sort of thing that no one should really want to find out 14:14 I think you’d have to be incredibly sanguine... 14:16 ...not to think that the sort of climate extremes that we talk about... 14:19 ...in a 3°C world wouldn’t lead some places... 14:22 ...to the brink of societal collapse 14:25 Those lucky enough to escape unrest... Adaptation and mitigation are crucial 14:28 ...would still have to adapt to a radically different world 14:32 People can adapt to climate change in all sorts of ways, one of the most obvious ones... 14:37 ...is air conditioning 14:39 But other ways to adapt at a local or regional level... 14:42 ...I mean, one of the most obvious is diversifying agriculture 14:47 There are physical things you can do, like seawalls 14:52 The fact that people can adapt and that adaptation will reduce suffering... 14:57 ...doesn’t mean that it will eliminate suffering 15:00 Suffering is built into this whole process of heating up the planet 15:06 Adaptation will only get the world so far 15:09 The best way to deal with a 3°C world... 15:12 ...is not to go to a 3°C world 15:14 And that’s why increasing efforts on mitigation are important 15:17 It’s why working towards negative emissions... 15:20 ...that could bring down the temperature after it peaks are important 15:25 Once you get to a 3°C world, you are in real bad global trouble 15:33 The scale of change needed... 15:35 ...and the slow progress of governments so far... 15:38 ...means 3°C of warming is uncomfortably likely unless more is done 15:44 Despite existing pledges, greenhouse-gas emissions... 15:48 ...are still set to rise by 16% from 2010 levels by 2030 15:54 The need to act has never been clearer 15:57 There’s still time to reduce emissions, so that a 3°C world remains fiction... 16:02 ...rather than becoming fact "Sofia e la Rete Invisibile: Una Storia di Coraggio e Consapevolezza" Sofia, una vivace adolescente di 15 anni, amava trascorrere il suo tempo libero online. Era un modo per connettersi con amici, scoprire nuove passioni e rimanere aggiornata sulle ultime tendenze. Tuttavia, Sofia non sapeva che dietro la brillantezza dello schermo si celavano pericoli che avrebbero messo alla prova la sua sicurezza e la sua forza interiore. Un giorno, Sofia ricevette una richiesta di amicizia da un ragazzo molto affascinante di nome Marco. Era il classico "ragazzo perfetto" con interessi simili ai suoi e sembrava conoscerla molto bene. Iniziarono a chattare e Marco sembrava davvero interessato a lei. Presto, i loro messaggi divennero sempre più frequenti, fino a diventare un'abitudine quotidiana. Tuttavia, Sofia non sapeva che dietro l'immagine perfetta di Marco si nascondevano pericoli nascosti. Marco era un abile truffatore virtuale che mirava a sfruttare gli adolescenti online per scopi personali. Marco iniziò ad applicare una serie di tattiche per ingannare Sofia. Utilizzò il grooming per guadagnarsi la sua fiducia, facendole credere di essere una persona di cui potersi fidare. Conquistò il cuore di Sofia e poi iniziò a spingerla a partecipare a una pericolosa sfida online, promettendo popolarità e riconoscimento tra i suoi amici virtuali(challenge) Incuriosita dalle potenziali ricompense, Sofia decise di accettare la sfida, ignara dei rischi nascosti dietro di essa. Ma ciò che sembrava un gioco innocente si trasformò rapidamente in un incubo. La sfida si rivelò manipolata da Marco per coinvolgere gli adolescenti in atti illegali, mettendo in pericolo la loro sicurezza. Successivamente, Marco sfruttò la fiducia guadagnata per spingere Sofia a inviare foto intime di sé stessa. Sostenne che fosse un modo per dimostrare il loro amore virtuale. Ignorando i pericoli del sexting, Sofia acconsentì, inconsapevole delle conseguenze che avrebbe affrontato in seguito. Ciò che Sofia non sapeva era che Marco aveva intenzione di usare quelle foto per ricattarla. Iniziò a minacciarla, dicendole che se non avesse fatto quello che voleva, avrebbe pubblicato le foto su internet. Sofia era terrorizzata e si sentiva intrappolata in una spirale di minacce e abuso emotivo. Determinata a liberarsi dalle grinfie di Marco, Sofia prese coraggio e decise di agire. Si aprì con sua madre, raccontandole l'intera storia e i pericoli a cui era esposta. Insieme, presero le misure necessarie per proteggere Sofia. Bloccarono e segnalarono Marco su tutti i suoi account di social media e di chat. Questo passo cruciale ha impedito a Marco di contattarla e di avere ulteriori influenze sulla sua vita online. Sofia non si fermò qui. Raccolse prove delle minacce, dei messaggi ingannevoli e del ricatto perpetrato da Marco. Fece screenshot delle conversazioni e salvò copie dei messaggi ricevuti, creando una solida documentazione delle azioni di Marco. Queste prove sarebbero state fondamentali per intraprendere azioni legali e proteggere se stessa. Con le prove in mano, Sofia decise di segnalare l'account di Marco alle piattaforme e ai servizi di social media che stavano utilizzando. Fornì loro tutte le prove raccolte, consentendo loro di prendere provvedimenti contro il comportamento dannoso di Marco. Rendendo le autorità competenti consapevoli della situazione, Sofia coinvolse la polizia postale o un'organizzazione specializzata in crimini informatici. Fornì loro tutte le prove e le informazioni necessarie per avviare un'indagine approfondita su Marco. Sofia sapeva che doveva anche cercare supporto da esperti di sicurezza informatica specializzati in questioni di cybercrimine. Ottenne consigli su come proteggersi meglio online e su come prevenire situazioni simili in futuro. Questa consulenza le permise di comprendere meglio i pericoli della rete e di acquisire le competenze necessarie per proteggersi e navigare in modo sicuro online. Con coraggio e determinazione, Sofia prese misure concrete per liberarsi da Marco e proteggere se stessa. La sua storia è un esempio di resilienza e consapevolezza per gli altri adolescenti che potrebbero trovarsi in situazioni simili. Sofia ha dimostrato che è possibile combattere i pericoli della rete e ottenere giustizia, cercando il sostegno delle persone fidate, utilizzando le risorse a disposizione e facendo sentire la propria voce "La Missione Digitale: Proteggere il Mondo Virtuale" C'era una volta un gruppo di studenti di 15 anni, conosciuti come "The Digital Defenders", che avevano un talento speciale per la tecnologia. Amavano esplorare il mondo digitale e sfruttarne le opportunità. Ma un giorno, un pericoloso nemico minacciò la tranquillità del loro mondo virtuale. Questo nemico malvagio era conosciuto come "Il Cacciatore Digitale". Il suo scopo era infiltrarsi nei computer degli utenti, rubare informazioni personali e diffondere caos attraverso il cyberspazio. Il Cacciatore Digitale utilizzava diverse armi per raggiungere i suoi scopi. Una delle sue armi più potenti era il "Fishing". Usava messaggi ingannevoli e siti web contraffatti per cercare di catturare le informazioni personali degli utenti. Si fingeva spesso una figura di autorità, cercando di indurre gli utenti a fornire le loro password o i dati sensibili. Ma i Digital Defenders non si sarebbero arresi facilmente. Si misero all'opera per difendere il loro mondo digitale. Si dotarono di antivirus e antimalware potenti per combattere i virus e gli spyware, che erano armi preferite del Cacciatore Digitale. I Digital Defenders si addestrarono per riconoscere le trappole del Cacciatore Digitale. Impararono a identificare gli avvisi di sicurezza, a evitare di cliccare su link sospetti e a non aprire allegati di email provenienti da mittenti non fidati. Era fondamentale essere cauti e diffidare delle richieste di inserire informazioni personali su siti web non sicuri. Un altro strumento importante nella loro difesa era l'uso di password sicure. I Digital Defenders impararono che una password sicura doveva essere lunga, contenere una combinazione di lettere maiuscole e minuscole, numeri e caratteri speciali. Evitarono di utilizzare password facili da indovinare come nomi di animali domestici o date di compleanno. I Digital Defenders erano consapevoli che i cookie, piccoli file salvati sui loro dispositivi, potevano rivelare informazioni personali e tracciare le loro attività online. Impararono a gestire le impostazioni dei cookie nei loro browser e a cancellarli regolarmente per proteggere la loro privacy. Infine, i Digital Defenders si unirono a una missione importante: educare gli altri studenti sulla sicurezza digitale. Organizzarono workshop nelle loro scuole, condivisero consigli sui social media e si impegnarono a diffondere la consapevolezza sugli attacchi digitali e le misure di sicurezza. La loro missione ebbe successo. Gli studenti impararono ad affrontare il Cacciatore Digitale con fiducia. Ognuno di loro divenne un difensore digitale, pronti a proteggere il mondo virtuale. Con il loro impegno e la loro determinazione, i Digital Defenders riuscirono a sconfiggere il Cacciatore Digitale e a proteggere il mondo virtuale. La loro storia è un monito per tutti gli studenti di 15 anni, invitandoli a essere consapevoli dei pericoli digitali e a prendere misure per proteggere la loro sicurezza e privacy online. "La Conquista della Libertà Digitale: Il Viaggio di Luca" C'era una volta un ragazzo di nome Luca, un adolescente di 15 anni, che si trovava nel bel mezzo di una sfida epica: la conquista della libertà digitale. Luca amava il mondo online, passava ore a navigare sui social media, a giocare a videogiochi e a guardare video su Internet. Ma pian piano, si rese conto che la sua passione per la tecnologia stava prendendo il controllo della sua vita. Luca iniziò a notare che stava diventando sempre più dipendente da Internet. Passava notti insonni a chattare con gli amici virtuali e a navigare senza sosta, trascurando i suoi compiti scolastici e gli hobby che un tempo lo appassionavano. La sua dipendenza stava mettendo a rischio i suoi rapporti personali e la sua salute mentale. Un giorno, Luca si imbatté in una comunità online chiamata "Digital Freedom Fighters", formata da giovani coraggiosi che cercavano di liberarsi dalla dipendenza da Internet. Si unì a loro e insieme intrapresero un viaggio di autodisciplina e consapevolezza. Luca imparò che la sua dipendenza da Internet poteva essere causata dalla sindrome di "FOMO" (Fear of Missing Out), la paura di perdere qualcosa di importante o di essere escluso, e dalla sindrome di "FoMOB" (Fear of Missing Out on Better), la paura di perdere qualcosa di ancora migliore. La costante paura di perdere o di essere escluso lo spingeva a controllare continuamente il suo telefono e a rimanere connesso in ogni momento. I Digital Freedom Fighters guidarono Luca attraverso una serie di sfide per aiutarlo a prendere il controllo della sua vita digitale. La prima sfida consisteva nel fissare degli orari specifici per l'uso di Internet e dei dispositivi digitali. Luca si impegnò a dedicare del tempo alle attività offline, come leggere un libro, fare sport o trascorrere del tempo con la famiglia e gli amici. La seconda sfida consisteva nel disconnettersi completamente per un intero giorno. Luca si rese conto di quanto fosse dipendente dai suoi dispositivi quando provò l'ansia da disconnessione. Ma, col tempo, imparò ad apprezzare la libertà che deriva dal distacco digitale e a vivere il momento presente senza la costante interferenza della tecnologia. La terza sfida era quella di creare un diario delle emozioni. Luca iniziò a tenere traccia delle sue emozioni quando era online e quando era offline. Questo gli permise di comprendere meglio il suo stato mentale e le motivazioni dietro il suo comportamento digitale. Scoprì che spesso cercava distrazione o evasione attraverso Internet, ma che poteva trovare modi più sani per gestire le sue emozioni. Affrontando questi nuovi ostacoli, Luca si rese conto di essere affetto anche da nomofobia, la paura di essere senza il suo telefono o di non poter accedere a Internet. Questa paura lo rendeva ansioso e incapace di distogliere lo sguardo dallo schermo. Inoltre, Luca scoprì di essere a rischio di sviluppare la sindrome di "hikikomori", un fenomeno in cui le persone si ritirano completamente dalla società reale e si isolano nel mondo virtuale. Si rese conto che era importante trovare un equilibrio tra la sua vita online e offline, per evitare di perdere il contatto con il mondo reale e le relazioni significative. Inoltre, Luca notò che la sua dipendenza da Internet stava influenzando anche la sua capacità di concentrarsi e di mantenere l'attenzione. Questo deficit dell'attenzione rendeva difficile per lui concentrarsi sui compiti scolastici o sulle conversazioni reali, poiché la sua mente era costantemente attratta dalle notifiche e dalle distrazioni digitali. Affrontando questi nuovi ostacoli, Luca si armò di strategie per gestire la sua nomofobia, il rischio di kikikomori e il deficit dell'attenzione. Imparò a mettere il telefono in modalità silenziosa o a disattivare le notifiche durante le attività importanti, così da ridurre le distrazioni. Utilizzò tecniche di gestione dello stress, come la meditazione e l'esercizio fisico, per controllare l'ansia e mantenersi focalizzato. Inoltre, Luca si impegnò a impegnarsi in attività offline gratificanti, come la lettura di libri, la pratica di un hobby o il volontariato, per riempire il vuoto creato dalla sua dipendenza da Internet. Trovò nuovi modi per connettersi con gli altri nella vita reale, partecipando a gruppi di interesse comune e creando legami significativi. Con il passare del tempo, Luca riuscì a ritrovare l'equilibrio tra la sua vita digitale e quella reale. Sperimentò una maggiore soddisfazione nelle sue relazioni personali, un miglioramento delle prestazioni scolastiche e una maggiore consapevolezza del tempo trascorso online. La storia di Luca è un monito per gli studenti di 15 anni, invitandoli a riflettere sull'importanza di gestire in modo sano e consapevole la propria presenza online. È essenziale trovare un equilibrio tra il mondo digitale e quello reale, evitando le trappole della dipendenza e imparando a vivere una vita piena e significativa al di là dello schermo.Here is a transcript of a video about Narrative Writing. Generate 25 questions. Intro to Narrative Writing What is Narrative Writing? You today, I want to introduce you to the basics of narrative writing. Narrative writing is writing that tells a story. It can be real or imagined, that is, nonfiction or fiction. It has a beginning, middle, and end. That is, it includes the basic elements of a plot exposition, rising action, conflict, climax, falling action, and resolution. And it's full of interesting details. The author's purpose in writing a narrative is to entertain the reader. There are three main types of narrative writing. The first is a personal narrative when a writer shares a true story from his or her own life. We could also say this type of narrative is autobiographical. The second type of narrative is biographical when a writer shares a true story from another person's life. The third type of narrative is fictional. When a writer tells an invented story, short stories, and novels are fictional narratives. The Process of Writing a Narrative While we could add to this list, there are five important parts of a narrative that I especially want you to remember as you write your own narrative. These parts of a narrative include setting, characters, plot, point of view, and dialogue. The first part of a narrative is the setting , where, and when the narrative takes place. The setting affects both the plot and characters in your narrative, so it's important to spend some time brainstorming where, when, and in what conditions your story takes place. The second part of a narrative is the characters , the people, animals or creatures involved in a story. Remember that your story must have a protagonist, the character facing the problem, and an antagonist the character or force causing the problem. Take some time while planning your narrative to focus on your characters beyond the characters names and roles they play in the story. Think about whether you'd like them to be flat with very few character traits or round with many character traits. Also think about which characters in your story will remain static or unchanged, and which characters will be dynamic, undergoing an important change in your narrative. The third part of a narrative is the plot , the sequence of events in a narrative. Take some time to think carefully through your story's plot. How will it begin and how will it end? What conflicts will your characters encounter? What is the climax or turning point of your story? How will the problems be solved? Creating a storyboard or labeling a plot diagram are both good tools for planning your story's plot. The fourth part of a narrative is the point of view , which is the perspective from which a narrative is told. You can choose to write your narrative in first person, writing a personal narrative from your own point of view, or you can choose a character in a fictional narrative to tell your story. Another option is to write your narrative in the third person point of view, telling the story from the perspective of an unseen narrator that is not a character in the story. Finally, the fifth part of a narrative is dialogue. The words the characters speak in your story dialogue can establish the setting, show characterization, foreshadow events, or advance the action in a narrative. Dialogue brings your narrative to life. It's important to review how to punctuate dialogue, following grammatical rules for using quotation marks, commas, and other N marks such as periods and question marks. As you begin writing your narrative, I'll help you break down each step of the process. But hopefully this introduction gives you a basic understanding of what narrative writing is, and hopefully it sparks some ideas for you to begin planning your own narrative.Use this to make a quiz: Excellent! Using an online game is a fantastic way to boost engagement. Here is a list of scenarios you can use. I've designed them to be clear and concise for a game format. I've also added a few "challenge" scenarios at the end that could fit more than one theory to really get your students thinking critically. You can copy and paste these right into platforms like Kahoot!, Blooket, or Gimkit. --- ### **Scenarios for Your Online Game** **Instructions for Students:** Read the scenario and choose the theory that BEST explains why the crime was committed. 1. **Scenario:** An accountant has been secretly stealing small amounts of money from his clients' accounts for years. He has a system that he believes is foolproof, and he has calculated that the potential reward is worth the small risk of being caught. * **Best Fit:** Choice Theory 2. **Scenario:** A high school student who lives in a neighborhood with high unemployment and rundown buildings begins to vandalize property with a group of friends who feel ignored by the city. * **Best Fit:** Social Disorganization Theory 3. **Scenario:** A young woman desperately wants the new smartphone and designer clothes she sees all over social media, but she has no way to afford them. She decides to start stealing packages from front porches to get what she wants. * **Best Fit:** Strain Theory 4. **Scenario:** A man is arrested for assault after getting into a fight at a restaurant. His family tells the police that he has always had a "short fuse" and has struggled with anger and aggression since he was a child, a trait that his father also had. * **Best Fit:** Biological/Psychological Theory 5. **Scenario:** The youngest child in a family of well-known burglars is caught breaking into a house. When questioned, he says he learned everything he knows from watching and helping his older siblings. * **Best Fit:** Learning Theory 6. **Scenario:** A corporate executive is caught illegally dumping toxic waste to save his company money. He decided that the cost of proper disposal was too high and the chance of being caught was low. * **Best Fit:** Choice Theory 7. **Scenario:** After her parents' messy divorce, a teenager starts skipping school and shoplifting. A counselor suggests her actions stem from untreated anxiety and depression. * **Best Fit:** Biological/Psychological Theory 8. **Scenario:** In a community where the local factory closed down and police presence is low, a group of residents forms a vigilante group to "patrol" the streets, often resorting to violence and intimidation. * **Best Fit:** Social Disorganization Theory --- ### **Challenge Scenarios (Could fit multiple theories)** 9. **Scenario:** A college student starts selling forged concert tickets to pay for their tuition. They learned how to make the fake tickets from a video online and felt it was the only way to stay in school. * **Possible Answers:** Strain Theory (can't afford tuition), Learning Theory (learned online), Choice Theory (weighed the risks). 10. **Scenario:** A person living on the streets with no job prospects is arrested for stealing a warm coat from a department store during a blizzard. * **Possible Answers:** Strain Theory (no means to achieve the goal of being warm), Choice Theory (made a rational decision to steal to survive). These scenarios should give you great content for your game. Have fun with it, and let me know if you need any more!Anna: Hi, Cindy! What are you watching? Cindy: Hi, Anna! I am watching a music video. Anna: I like her hair. Who is she? Cindy: She is the singer. Her hair is pink and curly. Anna: His hair is funny. Who is he? Cindy: He is the drummer. His hair is blue and straight. Anna: What are they called? Cindy: They are called “Colorful Hair”. Their music is very good.Grade3 poem: If I had a pair of wings with which to fly, I'd soar straight away, up into the sky. I'd carry a brush and paints in colours bright, So I could paint every fluffy cloud in sight! Antony/n(s); up x down bright x dull I'd paint them purple and yellow and green. They'd be the prettiest you've ever seen! I'd paint rainbows in the sky every single day, So I can watch them when I work and play. VIDEO PHOTO SQUARE And when the moon and stars come out at night, Perhaps l'll paint them too, for my delight! —Santhini GovindanAnimal Rights and Diet Success Criteria I can explain key terms which describe the type of diets people have I can explain the advantages and disadvantages of different types of diet Animal Rights and Diet Match up the terms with the meaning Term Meaning Omnivore - eats fish but no other type of meat Vegetarian - eats most types of meat and vegetables Pescetarian - doesn’t eat any products that come from animals Vegan - doesn’t eat meat but will eat dairy products like milk Place the different diets on a spectrum All meat No animal products at all Vegetarian Vegan Omnivore Pescetarian Omnivore Omnivore Most people in the UK are omnivores Match the countries with the amount of meat eaten per person per year Country Meat per person per year India 9.9 kg USA 4.4 kg Bangladesh 120 kg UK 111.5kg Nepal 84.2 kg Australia 4 kg Numeracy How much meat is consumed in the UK per year? (Amount of meat eaten X the UK population) 2. How much meat is consumed in Bangladesh per year? (Amount of meat eaten X the Bangladesh population) Country Meat per person per year USA 120 kg Australia 111.5kg UK 84.2 kg Nepal 9.9 kg India 4.4 kg Bangladesh 4 kg UK – 64 million Bangladesh – 165 million http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-graphics/world-according-to-meat-consumption/ 7 Why do people eat meat? Discuss Tradition (their family has always done it) Culture (celebrations) Taste Convenience Nutrients such as B12, protein and iron Consumption of meat is rising across developing countries because higher incomes generally mean more meat eating. Pescetarian "Yeah, I'm a vegetarian." "But that looks like fish you're eating." "Oh yeah, I eat fish.“ An estimated 5% - 6% of people in the UK are pescetarians. How many people is this? Approx. 3.6 million Calculation – 66,000,000 /100 x 5.5 = 3,630,000 9 Which group is cuter? Animals Fish 10 People often don’t feel as much love for fish as they do for fluffy, cute mammals. The may think fish don’t feel pain. They may be fussy. They think fish isn’t meat. Not farmed as much as mammals; can be wild. To get nutrients they wouldn’t get from just vegetables and grains. (Omega 3 is in plants but in higher concentrations in oily fish) Why are people pescetarians? https://www.vegsoc.org/sslpage.aspx?pid=753 http://articles.mercola.com/omega-3.aspx Fish – In a perfect world, fish can provide you all the omega-3s you need. Unfortunately, the vast majority of the fish supply is now heavily tainted with industrial toxins and pollutants, such as heavy metals which include mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium, PCBs, and radioactive poisons. These toxins make eating fish no longer recommended. 11 Vegetarianism Vegetarians will not eat any meat or product that comes from the slaughter of animals e.g. gelatine. About 3% of the UK population are vegetarian. How many people is this? 1.9 million 12 Why are people vegetarian? They don’t like the idea that animals are killed so they can eat Health reasons Don’t like meat Brought up vegetarian Environmental reasons Religious reasons (e.g. some Buddhist, Hindus) Watch the following clip twice. The second time, write down the fact which surprises you the most. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VW6wfpHFdaI The World Health Organization has classified processed meats – including ham, salami, sausages and hot dogs – as a Group 1 carcinogen (same as smoking/alcohol) which means that there is strong evidence that processed meats cause cancer. Red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork has been classified as a 'probable' cause of cancer. 13 Veganism Not just a diet Around 1% of the population of UK are vegans. A vegan is described by the Vegan Society as “a philosophy and way of living which seeks to exclude—as far as is possible and practicable—all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose; and by extension, promotes the development and use of animal-free alternatives for the benefit of humans, animals and the environment. In dietary terms it denotes the practice of dispensing with all products derived wholly or partly from animals” Why are people vegan? Why are people vegan? James Aspey: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a22XxXP3nU8 Warning: some of the content in this video clip may upset some viewers from 7:14 – 8:11 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtqXeym7H8A Why are people vegan? “Don’t want bad karma” Feel healthier Reduce chances of diseases. Example heart disease. Don’t want to exploit animals Believe in animal rights Sustainability Environment Create a Table of Pros & Cons of Veganism Pros √ Cons - Create a Table of Pros & Cons of Veganism Pros Cons No animals have died for you to eat Some people think it is healthier Help the environment Fewer antibiotics/chemicals that are given to some animals Makes you feel good No vitamin B12 so have to supplement Harder to find food at shops or restaurants May be harder to get enough iron May be more expensive to get substitute meats Judged by family and friends Could put farmers out of business Group Work Source 1 Summarise it in your jotter Explain what the source is/what it says What does it suggest? What is your opinion? Feedback to rest of class https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYyjel5VuHg Farmer’s Poem