A large body of research that explains how people learn to read and write.

Reading comprehension = Decoding × Language comprehension.

A model showing that reading depends on both word recognition and language comprehension working together.

The smallest unit of sound in a word.

The ability to hear and work with individual sounds in spoken words.

A letter or group of letters that represents a sound.

A unit of spoken language with one vowel sound.

Words that are recognized automatically without needing to sound them out.

Helps with speaking and forming speech sounds.

Helps connect sounds to letters for reading.

Processes sounds and spoken language.

Recognizes written letters and word patterns.

A brain cell that sends and receives information.

The ability to use and work with sounds in spoken language.

The ability to read accurately, quickly, and with expression.

The ability to read words correctly and automatically.

The ability to understand spoken language.

The ability to understand and make meaning from text.

A legal plan for students with disabilities under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that outlines goals and services.

A plan that provides accommodations for students with disabilities under Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Section 504.

A law that protects individuals with disabilities from discrimination.

A statewide plan that guides how reading is taught in Idaho schools.

Idaho education laws, including rules about literacy and reading instruction.

A disorder that affects a student's ability to learn skills like reading, writing, or math.

Quick test identifying students at risk for reading difficulties.

Detailed test identifying specific reading strengths and weaknesses.

Frequent checks measuring student growth during intervention.

Ongoing checks guiding daily instruction and learning.

Periodic tests measuring progress toward grade-level goals.

End-of-learning test measuring overall achievement.