Identify if sentences are true or false.

Directions: The following sentence has been split into segments (A-C). One of them may contain an error. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error. If you don’t find an error, mark “No Error” as your answer. 1. An organization refer to a large group of individual that is formally A B C organized for the purpose of attaining a goal. 2. Personality refers to the consistent pattern of attitudes and beliefs A B that an individual projects to the social world. C 3. Statistics are a form of mathematical analysis that uses quantified A B C models. 4. Love is a thing characterized by strong feelings of affection for A B C another arising out of companionship or admiration. 5. Nobody wants to miss the deadline for submitting their assignment. A B C

1. Which sentence correctly uses the present continuous tense to express a temporary action? A. She works at a bank. B. She is working at a bank for the summer. ✅ C. She worked at a bank last year. D. She has worked at a bank for years. ⸻ 2. Which of the following uses the past continuous tense to describe an interrupted action? A. I was eating dinner when the phone rang. ✅ B. I eat dinner when the phone rings. C. I had eaten dinner before the phone rang. D. I was eat dinner when the phone ringed. ⸻ 3. What is the function of “is/am/are + V.ing” in a sentence? A. To show routine habits B. To describe completed past actions C. To indicate actions in progress at the moment of speaking ✅ D. To express future intentions with certainty ⸻ 4. Which sentence shows incorrect use of the past continuous tense? A. She was singing while I played the piano. ✅ B. They were talking when I arrived. C. I was reading while he was cooking. D. It was raining all night yesterday. (Explanation: A uses mixed tenses incorrectly. It should be: “She was singing while I was playing the piano.”) ⸻ 5. Choose the sentence that uses the present simple tense in a conditional structure. A. If it is raining, we will cancel the trip. ✅ B. If it was raining, we would cancel the trip. C. If it rained, we canceled the trip. D. If it rains, we are canceling the trip. ⸻ 6. Identify the sentence in which the auxiliary verb is incorrectly used. A. He is doing his homework now. B. She was watched a movie last night. ✅ C. They were playing football all afternoon. D. I am going to the store. ⸻ 7. Which sentence best demonstrates the habitual use of the present simple? A. I am jogging every morning. B. I jog every morning. ✅ C. I was jogging every morning. D. I have jogged every morning. ⸻ 8. Choose the best explanation for using “was/were + V.ing”: A. To talk about a permanent state B. To describe future arrangements C. To express a continuous action in the past ✅ D. To indicate hypothetical situations

Cells of different organisms and even cells within the same organism are very diverse in terms of shape, size, and internal organization. One theme that occurs again and again throughout biology is that form follows function. In other words, a cell’s function influences its physical features. Cell Shape The diversity in cell shapes reflects the different functions of cells. Compare the cell shapes shown in Figure 4-4. The long extensions that reach out in various directions from the nerve cell shown in Figure 4-4a allow the cell to send and receive nerve impulses. The flat, platelike shape of skin cells in Figure 4-4b suits their function of covering and protecting the surface of the body. As shown below, a cell’s shape can be simple or complex depending on the function of the cell. Each cell has a shape that has evolved to allow the cell to perform its function effectively. SECTION 2 OBJECTIVES ● Explain the relationship between cell shape and cell function. ● Identify the factor that limits cell size. ● Describe the three basic parts of a cell. ● Compare prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. ● Analyze the relationship among cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms. VOCABULARY plasma membrane cytoplasm cytosol nucleus prokaryote eukaryote organelle tissue organ organ system Cells have various shapes. (a) Nerve cells have long extensions. (b) Skin cells are flat and platelike. (c) Egg cells are spherical. (d) Some bacteria are rod shaped. (e) Some plant cells are rectangular. FIGURE 4-4 (a) Nerve cell (b) Skin cells (c) Egg cell (d) Bacterial cells (e) Plant cells Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 1. All cubes have volume and surface area. The total surface area is equal to the sum of the areas of each of the six sides (area = length X width). 2. If you split the first cube into eight smaller cubes, you get 48 sides. The volume remains constant, but the total surface area doubles. 3. If you split each of the eight cubes into eight smaller cubes, you have 64 cubes that together contain the same volume as the first cube. The total surface area, however, has doubled again. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 73 Cell Size Cells differ not only in their shape but also in their size. A few types of cells are large enough to be seen by the unaided human eye. For example, the nerve cells that extend from a giraffe’s spinal cord to its foot can be 2 m (about 6 1/2 ft) long. A human egg cell is about the size of the period at the end of this sentence. Most cells, how- ever, are only 10 to 50 μm in diameter, or about 1/500 the size of the period at the end of this sentence. The size of a cell is limited by the relationship of the cell’s outer surface area to its volume, or its surface area–to-volume ratio. As a cell grows, its volume increases much faster than its surface area does, as shown in Figure 4-5. This trend is important because the materials needed by a cell (such as nutrients and oxygen) and the wastes produced by a cell (such as carbon dioxide) must pass into and out of the cell through its surface. If a cell were to become very large, the volume would increase much more than the surface area. Therefore, the surface area would not allow materials to enter or leave the cell quickly enough to meet the cell’s needs. As a result, most cells are microscopic in size. Comparing Surface Cells Materials microscope, prepared slides of plant (dicot) stem and ani- mal (human) skin, pencil, paper Procedure Examine slides by using medium magnification (100). Observe and draw the sur- face cells of the plant stem and the animal skin. Analysis How do the surface cells of each organism differ from the cells beneath the surface cells? What is the function of the surface cells? Explain how surface cells are suited to their function based on their shape. Quick Lab Small cells can exchange substances more readily than large cells because small objects have a higher surface area–to-volume ratio. FIGURE 4-5 mb06se_csfs02.qxd 5/18/07 10:54 AM Page 73 74 CHAPTER 4 BASIC PARTS OF A CELL Despite the diversity among cells, three basic features are common to all cell types. All cells have an outer boundary, an interior sub- stance, and a control region. Plasma Membrane The cell’s outer boundary, called the plasma membrane (or the cell membrane), covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and the outside of a cell. All materials enter or exit through the plasma membrane. The surface of a plasma mem- brane is shown in Figure 4-6a. Cytoplasm The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus is called the cytoplasm. The part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles is the cytosol. About 20 percent of the cytosol is made up of protein. Control Center Cells carry coded information in the form of DNA for regulating their functions and reproducing themselves. The DNA in some types of cells floats freely inside the cell. Other cells have a mem- brane-bound organelle that contains a cell’s DNA. This membrane- bound structure is called the nucleus. Most of the functions of a eukaryotic cell are controlled by the cell’s nucleus. The nucleus is often the most prominent structure within a eukaryotic cell. It maintains its shape with the help of a protein skeleton called the nuclear matrix. The nucleus of a typical animal cell is shown in

Identify the sentences if using strong or moderate modal adverb

Identify the sentences if it is a positive or negative bias.

## Fill in the Blank Fill in the blank with the correct words: 1. Work is the use of _____________ to move an object. _____________ 2. Only the part of the applied force that acts in the same _____________ as motion does work. _____________ 3. Work transfers _____________ from one form to another. _____________ 4. The unit of work is the _____________ (J). _____________ 5. The formula for work is _____________ . _____________ [Word Bank]: force, direction, energy, joule, $W = F \times d$ ## Multiple Choice Questions Choose the correct answer from the choices for each question: 1. Which statement best describes when work is done on an object? * A. A force acts on the object while it moves in the same direction as the force. * B. A force acts on the object while it does not move. * C. The object moves but no force is applied. * D. A force acts opposite to the motion and the object does not move. 2. If a force of 10 N moves an object 3 m in the same direction as the force, how much work is done? * A. 3 J * B. 10 J * C. 30 J * D. 13 J 3. Which unit correctly measures work? * A. Newton (N) * B. Meter (m) * C. Joule (J) * D. Watt (W) 4. If a force acts perpendicular to the motion of an object, how much work does that component do? * A. Maximum work * B. Zero work * C. Negative work * D. Equal to force times distance 5. Using the example from the passage, the work done lifting a 30 N dog 2 m is: * A. 15 J * B. 60 J * C. 32 J * D. 90 J ## Open-Ended Questions Answer the following questions in complete sentences: 1. Explain in your own words why only the component of force in the direction of motion does work. 2. A student pushes a box with a 25 N horizontal force and the box moves 4 m horizontally. Calculate the work done and show your steps using the formula from the passage. 3. Describe one real-life example (not in the passage) where work transfers energy from one form to another. Identify the force, the distance, and the energy transfer.

Identify if the sentence is Declarative, Interrogative, Imperative or Exclamatory.

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