Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches a biological macromolecule with its corresponding monomer and the type of covalent bond that links those monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Proteins — Amino acids — Peptide bonds

Answer

Nucleic acids — Nucleotides — Ester bonds

Answer

Carbohydrates — Monosaccharides — Phosphodiester bonds

Answer

Lipids — Glycerol — Glycosidic linkages

Question 2

An unknown biological molecule is analyzed and found to contain a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Which of the following is the correct monomer identification and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide; nucleic acids

Answer

Monosaccharide; polysaccharides

Answer

Fatty acid; triglycerides

Answer

Amino acid; polypeptides

Question 3

Which of the following describes the relationship between the structure of a carbohydrate monomer and its polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide like glucose serves as the building block for polysaccharides such as cellulose or glycogen.

Answer

A fatty acid serves as the building block for complex carbohydrates like starch via dehydration synthesis.

Answer

A nucleotide serves as the building block for polypeptides through the formation of glycosidic linkages.

Answer

An amino acid serves as the building block for nucleic acids like DNA or RNA.

Question 4

During a dehydration synthesis reaction that forms a triglyceride, which components are linked together, and what is the primary structural characteristic of the resulting lipid monomers?

Accepted Answer

Glycerol and three fatty acids; fatty acids consist of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group.

Answer

Monosaccharides and water; monosaccharides consist of a

1:2:1

ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Answer

Nucleotides and a nitrogenous base; nucleotides consist of a pentose sugar and a phosphate group.

Answer

Amino acids and a phosphate group; amino acids consist of a central carbon and an R-group.

Question 5

An investigator is analyzing a molecular structure and identifies a central carbon atom covalently bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain. Which polymer is formed through the dehydration synthesis of this specific monomer?

Accepted Answer

Polypeptide

Answer

Triacylglycerol

Answer

Polysaccharide

Answer

DNA

Question 6

Which of the following describes a key structural difference between the monomers of DNA and the monomers of RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA nucleotides contain deoxyribose sugar, while RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugar.

Answer

DNA nucleotides are linked by peptide bonds, whereas RNA nucleotides are linked by glycosidic bonds.

Answer

DNA nucleotides contain uracil, while RNA nucleotides contain thymine.

Answer

DNA nucleotides contain a phosphate group, whereas RNA nucleotides do not.

Question 7

If a macromolecule is hydrolyzed and the resulting subunits are found to have a

1:2:1

ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which of the following monomers has been isolated?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharide

Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Fatty acid

Answer

Nucleotide

Question 8

A scientist is tracking the movement of phosphorus-32 (

1:2:1

) in a cell. After several hours, the radioactive isotope is incorporated into the backbone of a polymer. Which monomer must have been used to build this polymer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Monosaccharide

Answer

Fatty acid

Answer

Amino acid

Question 9

Which of the following describes the difference between the monomers of a protein and the monomers of a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Protein monomers contain nitrogen and sometimes sulfur, while carbohydrate monomers typically consist only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a

1:2:1

ratio.

Answer

Protein monomers contain a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base, while carbohydrate monomers contain a carboxyl group.

Answer

Protein monomers are linked by glycosidic linkages, while carbohydrate monomers are linked by peptide bonds.

Answer

Protein monomers are hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains, while carbohydrate monomers are polar amino acids.

Question 10

Which of the following describes the biological significance of the R-group (side chain) in the monomer of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The R-group determines the specific chemical properties of the amino acid, such as whether it is polar, nonpolar, or charged.

Answer

The R-group is the site where the phosphate group attaches during the formation of a nucleic acid.

Answer

The R-group consists of a long hydrocarbon chain that stores energy in the form of a polysaccharide.

Answer

The R-group forms the covalent peptide bond that connects one monomer to the next in the polymer chain.

Related quizzes

Related quizzes