When Monoglian Empire was at its peak, "iron curtain" stood firm so that westerners could not travel eastward into Asian continent. That is, Mongols were responsible for closing down any direct communication between Eas and West

Marco Polo was present on one of Chang Ho's voyages in early 1400s. He brought back first new of incredible Chinese Navy and their fantastic voyages.

During 1000-year period known as Great Interruption, "Christian Gerography" was replaced by geography proposed by ancient mathematicians and natural philosophers, who used experience and logical reasoning to deduce overrall cartography of world.

When Mongols were in power, Christians signed treaty with them, Treaty of Zaragoza, in which they agreed to mutually wage war with goal of trying to destory Muslim nations. Their mutual efforts, however, failed.

Some 500 years before Columbus, Vikings were first to colonize the "New World", albeit briefly.

Christopher Columbus made four voyages to New World. During last voyage he discovered passage around the American continent that was later used by Magellan on his voyage around the world.

Overview Effect could accurately be described as deep cognitive shift in that occurs between intellectually knowing all life on planet is interconnected with vast universe and also emotionally experiencing firsthand taht all life on the planet is interconnected with vast universe.

By early 1500s, when Portuguese and Spanish ships were beginning to circumnavigate globe, Chinese were passing laws making it capital crime to have a ship on pen ocean.

Treat of Tordesillas was Papal decree that circumvented war between Portugal and Dutch, who were aligned with Spain and were attacking Portuguese shipping routes and ports.

Within few short years of their first successful voyage to India, Protugal used it navy to obliterate Muslim sea trade routes on Est Indies. In doing so, they totally priated and dIsrupted the Monsoon Marketplace.

By 1550, "Arabic World" centered in middle east had developed sophisticated Navy and was poised to retake trade rotues of "Monsoon Marketplace" with additonal plans to then conquer trade routes around western Africa and then meet up with Ottomans in Mediterranean Sea thereby controlling all trade to Europe in giant "pincer move".

By 1900, both Spanish and French influence had been effectively removed from American continent. None the less, Spanish and French langugages still have their large geographical footprints in the Americans.

One of reasons that "Arabs" didn't build seafaring empire is that their vast empire(s) "were already there"; that is, on land they reasched from western Europe all the way to eastern China

Ferdinand Magellan sailed from Spain, found passage through South America, and was first European to sail Pacific Ocean. Though he died before circumnavigating globe, 18 of his men did complete first journey around world.

Chinese sea explorations took place at same time as Mongolian empire was at its peak expanse. It was fall of Mongolian empire that caused "great withdrawal" of China from sea exploration.

One consequence of lack of sea exploration by Arabs was that by 1918, Turkish Ottoman Empire was crushed, and middle east was then carved up by British into arbitrary countries that remain today.

One consequence of lack of sea exploration by China was that centuries later country was craved up into British, Japanese, German, French, and Russian sections, following which horrific civil war and several Japanese invasions plagued country between 1905 and 1949.

Dutch East Indie Company was most powerful state sponsored company in world. To get that way it had to win wars on open seas all over planet against British, Spanish, Portuguese, French, including Muslims in Indian Ocean.

From aroudn 1407 - 1433, Chinese Admiral Cheng Ho was more of tyrant than Vasco da Gama. Cheng terrorized Indian Ocean trade routes. He commonly kidnapped leaders of small nations and took them back to kowtow to Chinese Emperor.

Captain Cook essentially circumnavigated globe 3 times. His second voyage was first purely scientific expedition and was not motivated by politics or economic gain.

Correct chronological order (from most part to most recent) of following is

China's international isolationsit poltics was based upon philosophically based belief that . . .

Treaty of Tordesillas came about because . . .

From reading Boorstin, and from our discussions in class, we can infer that for humans to effect positive change for future of humanity requires . . .

"New World"was soon discovered to be new continent. This continet was named "America" because . . .

Arabs never built seafaring empire because

Fate of Vikings after "Viking Age" was that

Resulting consequence of Arabic/Muslim world being surrounded by Navy's of Europe and power that they wielded to sustain colonialism and imperialism was that

When China was at height of its exploration of East Indies, . . .

Which sea captain discovered that there was a sea passenge around southern tip of Africa that promised to least to East?

Dutch East Indie Company was . . .

Which of following was NOT one key reasons Portugal was first country to begin exploration via open sea?

By 1200, after Viking era, firm monopoly on European trade for riches and goods form east was held by these two cities.

According to John Green in his "Eurpean Sea Race" crash sourse, module of exploitation for Portugal and Spain were . . .

Chinese voyage of Cheng Ho wre voyage of . . .

Which of following is NOT one of errors of Ptolemy's Geography that Columbus adopted for his arguments to sail west?

In addition to his voyages, James Cook is also recognized for . . .

Columbian Exchange, and one-way event characterized as Biological Imperialism is best described by following statement.

He led expedition for Spain with goal of finding passage through New Continent (South America) to reach Spice Islands. He started with 250 men and was first to sail Pacific Ocean to East Asia. Three years after his original departure, only 18 men returned from voyage.

He was first European to round Cape of Good Hope of Africa. His men insisted they return and go no further. Upon his return, Christopher Columbus was present to hear his report that the way to East was open via eastward sea route.

He was king of Carolingian Empire in Western Empire. Following his death in 814 CE, his three sons split up his empire into wha would become modern France, Germany, and Switzerland.

He became known as "Father of Continuous Discovery". He set up first ever research and development center with various seaman, ship builders, astronomers, cartographers, etc. Exploration he began continued over a period of 150 years.

He made several voyages to across pacific from Europe and explored so much of coast of "New World" that he was able to establish that it was entirely new continent, not series of "Spice Islands".

He was a powerful eunuch who commanded seven voyages throughout China Sea and Indian Ocean well before any European sailed into Indian Ocean or to New World

During period of Mongolian Empire's peak of power, he was a young Venetian who traveled all over Asian, including parts of China. He returned to Venice and was soon imprisoned by Genoa.

He commanded three round-the-world voyages. His voyages helped chart out details, extend, and location of oceans and continents, especially great Southern Continent.

He published last of great medival maps, which showed important revisions to those of Ptolemy. Among these revisions was water pathway around southern tip of Africa that was critical for opening minds of future explorers.

Hew was son of outlaw who lived in Greenland. He organized and funded expedition to find "new" lands to west, and in doing so was first known European to set up settlement in what would become known as North American continent.

After rounding Cape of Good Hope, he sailed to Calicut, India. He was first European to reach India from Europe via sailing around Africa. In later voyages he was ruthless.

He wrote book Geography. In 1400s his map of world resurfaced after centuries of obscurity. Christopher Columbus then used this map to propose direct eastward route of Asia.

Created vast empire that opened direct East-West travel from 1250-1350 AD. After their empire fell, Silk Road was shut down and West had to figure out how to flank Muslims in middle east in order to reestablish trade with China and India.

Used moon cookies to start revolution in 1368 to bring down empire. This changed course of history in that it ultimetely culminated in European sea race and eventually imperialism and colonialism by West.

They continually threatened eastern European borders, even though they had seafaring trade with Italians. They rose to power in 1400s and their empire lasted until end of WWI.

Chose make risky investment in sailing directly west across Atlanic in order to reach East Indies. Once they found "New World", they destoryed Incas and Aztecs, spread throughout current southwestern United States, and colonized much of Americas.

At one point they controlled trade routes around the world. They exploited slaves and suppressed peoples everywhere and adopted motto "There is no war without trade, and therefore no trade without war".

They had distrust of sea, even though they had technology to build seafaring empire and did have healthy seafaring trade in Eastern Meidterranean.

At one point they had control of North America from Quebec to Montana down to Louisiana. They fought it out with British and lost; their influence diminshed in Americas.

Well before Europeans began their sea explorations of open seas, they had peacefully sailed quarter of globe with a grand fleet of hundreds of ships and tens of thousands of seamen. Then they just quit.

Great seafaring society, they spread out all across Europe, Russia, England, Iceland, and Greenland. They even had "discovered" Americas but failed to realize it or capitalize on it.

Eastern remnant of Roman Empire, they preserved much of Roman and Greek culture through Dark Ages, but eventually fell in 4150 to Muslim empire that lasted until 1918.

They dominated European trde throughout Mediterranean. Their monopoly on trade was wiped out soon after Portugal reached India and began trading around Africa.

Started a colony in Jamestown; lost a war to a bunch of revoluntaries who started up their own country.