One of two types of cells in the nervous system; the nerve cells that handle the information-processing function.

Cells in the nervous system that provide support, nutritional benefits, and other functions that keep neurons running smoothly.

The part of the neuron that contains the nucleus, which directs the manufacture of substances that the neuron needs for growth and maintenance.

Treelike fibers projecting from a neuron, which receive information and orient it toward the neuron's cell body.

The part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells.

A layer of fat cells that encases and insulates most axons.

Tiny spaces between neurons.

Chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron.

Begins where the spinal cord enters the skull. This structure controls many vital functions, such as breathing and heart rate. It also regulates our reflexes.

Extends from the rear of the hindbrain, just above the medulla. It consists of two rounded structures thought to play important roles in motor coordination.

A bridge in the hindbrain that connects the cerebellum and the brain stem. It contains several clusters of fibers involved in sleep and arousal.

The stemlike brain area that includes much of the hindbrain (excluding the cerebellum) and the midbrain; connects with the spinal cord at its lower end and then extends upward to encase the reticular formation in the midbrain.

A collection of neurons involved in stereotyped patterns of behavior such as walking, sleeping, and turning to attend to a sudden noise.

A loosely connected network of structures under the cerebral cortex, important in both memory and emotion. Its two principal structures are the amygdala and the hippocampus.

An almond shaped structure within the base of the temporal lobe that is involved in the discrimination of objects that are necessary for the organism's survival, such as appropriate food, mates, and social rivals--also for flight, flight, freeze and strong emotions such as fear.

The structure in the limbic system that has a special role in the storage of memories.

The forebrain structure that sits at the top of the brain stem in the brain's central core and serves as an important relay station.

Large neuron clusters located above the thalamus and under the cerebral cortex that work with the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex to control and coordinate voluntary movements.

A small forebrain structure, located just below the thalamus, that monitors three pleasurable activities--eating, drinking, and sex--as well as emotion, stress, and reward.

Part of the forebrain, the outer layer of the brain, responsible for the most complex mental functions, such as thinking and planning.

The outermost part of the cerebral cortex, making up 80 percent of the cortex in the human brain.

Structures located at the back of the brain that respond to visual stimuli.

Structures in the cerebral cortex that are located just above the ears and are involved in hearing, language processing, and memory.

The portion of the cerebral cortex behind the forehead, involved in personality, intelligence, and the control of voluntary muscles.

Structures at the top and toward the rear of the head that are involved in registering spatial location, attention, and motor contro.

The large bundle of axons that connects the brain's two hemispheres, responsible for relaying information between the two sides.

A pea-sized gland just beneath the hypothalamus that controls growth and regulates other glands.

A bundle of axons that form part of the central nervous system.