In civil law, the party who brings a law suit or some other legal action against another

A court's list of cases to be heard

A law applied to an act committed before its passage

A trial in which a judge alone hears the case

An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review; from the Latin meaning "to be more certain".

In a civil suit, the person against whom a court action is brought ; in a criminal case, the person charged with a crime

The power of a court to hear a case first before any other court

The authority of a court to review decisions by inferior, or lower, courts

A sum of money that the accused may be required to post as a guarantee that he or she will appear in court at the proper time.

reasonable grounds, a reasonable suspicion of a crime

A court order which prevents unjust arrests and imprisonments.

Court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases.

A case in which a defendant for committing a crime as defined by law.

Evidence gained as the result of an illegal act by police cannot be used against the person from whom it was seized.

Betrayal of one's country; in the Constitution, by "levying war against the United States or offering comfort or aid to its enemies".

An imposing or collecting by authority or force.

The government must act fairly and in accord with established rules in all that it does, guaranteed by the 14th amendment of the Constitution.

A legislative act that inflicts punishment without a court trial.

A case involving a noncriminal matter such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement.

A license issued to an inventor granting the exclusive right to manufacture, use, or sell his or her invention for a limited amount of time.