What is the best way to store herbs to keep them fresh?

Put them in a jar of water like flowers

Store them in the freezer without any cover

What is the best way to keep leftovers fresh?

Put them in an airtight container

What should you do with opened cans of food to keep them fresh?

Transfer the food to a glass or plastic container

Store it in the fridge without a cover

How can you keep a salad fresh for a longer time?

Store it in a sealed container with a paper towel

Leave it in a bowl without a cover

Put it in a plastic bag without air

Keeping food fresh

4. Food Storage Methods Food storage means keeping food safely for future use. 🌍 A. Indigenous (Traditional) Storage Methods 4 These are methods used long ago and still used in rural areas: Drying (Sun drying) – removing water from food (e.g. vegetables, meat) Smoking – preserving meat or fish using smoke Salting – adding salt to prevent spoilage Fermentation – changing food using microorganisms (e.g. sour milk) Use of granaries – storing grains in raised structures Clay pots – keeping food cool and fresh 🧊 B. Modern Storage Methods 6 These use technology to keep food fresh: Refrigeration – keeping food cold in a fridge Freezing – storing food at very low temperatures Canning – sealing food in tins Bottling – storing liquids in sealed bottles Vacuum sealing – removing air from packaging Use of preservatives – adding chemicals to prevent spoilage ⭐ 5. Importance of Food Storage Prevents food from going bad Reduces food wastage Saves money Ensures food is available in times of shortage Maintains food quality and safety

Lena: Wow, Max! It feels so different in the forest. The air is so fresh! Max: I know! I love the fresh smell of the trees and plants. It’s peaceful here. Lena: And quiet too. Listen... total silence. Max: Yeah, I like the silence. It gives me a sense of calm. Lena: Me too. I also feel a sense of adventure! Let’s explore more! Max: I’m eager to find something cool—like an animal or a cave! Lena: Me too! I’m eager to take pictures for our nature project. Max: Look at those long shadows on the path! The sun is behind the trees. Lena: The shadows make everything look magical. It’s like a fairy tale! Max: Do you think animals have to adapt to the forest? Lena: Yes! They must adapt to the seasons and find food in all weather. Max: I like how animals live with so much freedom here. Lena: Yeah, that freedom to run, fly, and live in the wild is amazing. Max: Nature is awesome. I hope we can help protect the climate too. Lena: Yes, keeping the climate healthy is important for animals—and for us!

• Agriculture is growing of crops and keeping of animals. • People who practice agriculture are called farmers. • Agriculture is very important to the family. Benefits to the family • It provides food. • It provides money. • Agriculture gives us medicine. • It provides jobs. • Agriculture gives us transport and power. • It helps most families become self sufficient. • Farm tools are instruments used on farms to make work easier. • They are usually handheld and are used frequently when practicing agricultural activities. • Farm tools are light in weight, easy to handle and are suited to the strength of the farmer Name of tool Picture Use Watering can For fine watering of seed beds bucket Carrying manure, fertilizer,seed and ripe crops Name of tool Picture Use Sickle Cutting grass and harvesting of cereals like rice and wheat Slasher Cutting down tall grass and weeds USES OF FARM TOOLS Name of tool Picture Use Garden trowel Transplanting seedlings and making planting holes Hand fork Shallow cultivation of soil Aerating the soil USES OF FARM TOOLS Name of tool Picture Use Shovel Loading and offloading soil or manure into a wheelbarrow, scotch cart or truck Spade Digging and turning over of moist soil USES OF FARM TOOLS Name of tool Picture Use Garden fork Loosening and turn soil Garden line Marking straight ridges and garden beds USES OF FARM TOOLS Name of tool Picture Use wheelbarrow Moving items around the farm Items such as soil, mulch, animal feed. Etc Knapsack sprayer Spraying pesticides and herbicides Spraying fertilizers on crops. • An inventory is a record of the things that you have. • This is a list of tools issued out and tools received back and from whom Inventory of farm tools Inventory record sheets Created by Date Name of tool Sheet Tool numbenumber Description r Location Quantity Spade 1/15 Black,wooden handle Store room 2 SAFETY IN AGRICULTURE • Agricultural activities can be dangerous. • Hazards involved results in injury, disability and death of people and animals. • The hazards are usually caused by physical injury and chemical poisoning. Common hazards in Agriculture 1. physical injury These include: • Injury caused by accidents during use of farm tools, equipment and machinery. • Misuse and improper storage of farm tools and equipment. • Being kicked by animals. • Drowning in farm pond, pool or dam. Common hazards in Agriculture 2 . Chemical poisoning These include: • Spraying without protective clothing. • Eating or smoking when spraying chemicals. • Dumping toxic chemical left overs on land and in water. • Eating agriculture produces without prior permission from adults. • Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers pollute water sources and kill animals. Chemical poisoning Ways of preventing common agricultural hazards 1. Wear protective clothing such as gloves, gumboots, respirator, hat and overalls. 2. Do not eat, drink or smoke when spraying. 3. Dispose off all chemical remains safely. 4. Bury or burn empty chemical containers and chemical left overs. 5. Wash thoroughly with running water and soap after using chemicals. 6. Do not spray during windy days. 7. Handle tools the right way. 8. Fence farm ponds and dams. Ways of preventing common agricultural hazards Climate and Landuse Seasons of Zimbabwe Seasons of Zimbabwe Definition of terms • A season is a time of the year with almost the same weather patterns. • Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular time at a particular place. • it is the daily condition of air around us. • Seasons are determined by rainfall and temperature. Seasons of Zimbabwe • There are four seasons in Zimbabwe , which are: 1.The rain season 2.Post rain season 3.Cool dry season 4.Hot dry season Seasons of Zimbabwe 1.The rain season ( summer) • It is also called the hot- wet season. • The season begins in mid November to mid March. • The period is rainy and hot. • Dams and rivers fill up. Seasons of Zimbabwe 2 . The post rain season ( autumn ) • It starts mid March – May • The days are bright and sunny. • The leaves change from green to red, orange, yellow or brown before falling. • In addition, there is less sunlight because the days are shorter. • It is the harvesting period of most crops. Seasons of Zimbabwe 3. The cold dry season ( winter ) • It begins mid May – mid August • The mornings, evenings and nights are very cold. • Has short days and long nights. Seasons of Zimbabwe 4 . The hot season (spring ) • It begins mid August – mid November. • The days are very hot with cool nights. • A season for trees to develop new shoots. Summer Activities Agricultural activities done during the rain season includes: • Ploughing and planting of summer crops for example maize, cotton. • Weeding • Pest and disease control • Applying fertilizers. • Weekly dipping of animals because ticks, lice and mites would be many. • Harvesting of summer crops • Preparing fireguards. A fireguard is a fire break. • Beginning of the planting of wheat, barley and oats. Winter Activities • Planting of winter crops such as wheat, barley and oats. • Harvesting and selling of summer crops continues. • Constructing frost barriers for frost sensitive crops such as tomatoes. • Vaccinating animals against blackleg. • Supplementary feeding of grazing animals. • Dosing of animals to kill internal parasites. Spring Activities • Shelling and threshing of grain crops. • Dry planting of summer crops. • Carrying manure to fields. • Ploughing and harrowing. • Making planting holes Soil Components •Soil is made up of 4 components: 1)Mineral matter 2)Organic matter 3)Soil water 4)Soil air

1. Eat slowly, chew your food well. It takes twenty (20) minutes before your stomach sends a clear message to your brain that you're full. Take your time and savor the flavor of your meal. 2. Eat well When your body doesn't receive the required nutrients, your metabolism slows down. Metabolism is the rate at which you burn calories while resting. So, if you don't eat enough, fewer calories will be burnt and there will be less fat loss. You should eat small meals at regular intervals to keep your energy levels high. 3. Eat less red meat Red meats are high in saturated fat and should be avoided by people with high cholesterol. Chicken and fish are the best meats to consume. These meats can be baked, grilled or roasted. 4. Eat more fiber foods Add fiber to your diet, this adds bulk to your food and prevents constipation. Whole grain foods like oatmeal, bran, wheat germ and brown rice, fruits, especially with skins, prunes, etc, are all Seven (7) healthy eating habits for your guidelines: How you eat your food is as important as what you eat. So, the next time you sit down to eat, enjoy your meal by keeping these pointers in mind. Home Economics and Livelihood Education 7 Seibo College 157 good sources of fiber. Fiber helps in binding cholesterol, which results to less production of bad cholesterol. 5. Have calcium-rich foods Aside fro milk other sources of calcium and protein are red kidney beans, mustard greens, etc. Proteins can be found in meats, sprouts, soya, etc. 6. Eat foods that contain iron These include liver, fruits like watermelon, vegetables like spinach, beans, beets and broccoli, whole grains, dried fruits, especially prunes, sunflower seeds, etc. 7. Relish the flavors You may have heard some of these before. But the best good food habit, which we all seem to overlook, is to actually taste and enjoy the flavor of the food with your emotions instead of just your tongue. How can we prevent malnutrition? Following are the checklists of steps to prevent malnutrition.  Nutrition campaign on the importance of food nutrients.  Proper selection, preparation and serving of well-balanced meals.  Vegetable gardening in schools and at home.  Intensive program from the government especially for the less privileged members of the community.

1. Settlements Importance of Rivers Fertile Land: The soil near rivers was great for farming, thanks to regular flooding that added nutrients. Trade and Travel: Rivers made moving things and people easy, which helped trade and communication. Protection: Rivers could act as natural barriers, making it harder for enemies to attack. Food: Rivers were full of fish and other food, adding to what people could eat. Energy: People used the river's flow to power machines, for example, grinding grain. Cleanliness: Rivers were used to wash away waste, keeping settlements cleaner. Culture: Rivers often had spiritual importance, and ceremonies and stories revolved around them. Common Geographic Features of Ancient Civilizations Mesopotamia: the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in central Iraq Indus River Valley: the river runs in the northwestern part of India Nile River Valley: the major river of Egypt Yellow River Valley: a major river flowing through the southern part of China Rivers provided water, food, transportation, and shaped the way of life and development of these ancient civilizations. Impact of Mountains on Settlements Mountains served as barriers to early settlement due to the lack of technology to cross them. The Himalayan Mountains isolated much of India and China during their early development. Impact of Deserts on Migration Deserts posed significant challenges to people who wanted to migrate due to their harsh and unforgiving conditions. Notable deserts include the Empty Quarter in Saudi Arabia and the Sahara Desert in Africa. Changes in Migration and Cultural Blending Advancements in transportation technology post-Industrial Revolution increased cultural blending. Transportation advancements enabled global migration. Before, cultures were isolated, focusing on beliefs and local adaptations. The Industrial Revolution transformed migration and cultural blending. 2. How Humans Modify and Adapt to Their Environment Ways Humans Modify Their Environment Mining: Removing the earth's surface for precious metals. Irrigation: Diverting water for farming. Transportation: Moving goods with trains, cars, airplanes, and boats. Mining Strip mining removes large layers of the earth. Can impact the environment by removing plants and polluting water sources. Irrigation Diverting water for farming and urban development. Transportation Moving goods using trains, cars, airplanes, and boats. Human Adaptation to the Environment Adjusting to environmental conditions by changing behavior. Examples: Wearing specific clothing, using specific building materials. Human Modification of the Environment Changing the earth to meet human needs by physically altering the environment. Examples: Dams, canals, roads, bridges. Impact of Weather and Geological Events on Humans Events like earthquakes, hurricanes, and cold weather affect human settlements. Examples: Building earthquake-resistant buildings, creating levees, using ice for tourism. 3. Understanding Culture Introduction to Culture Culture refers to the way of life of a group of people who live in a particular place. It includes traditions, beliefs, values, and the way they do things. Cultural Characteristics Religious traditions Language Family values Laws Cultural characteristics make each culture unique. Cultural Representations Art Architecture Music Literature Cultural representations express a culture's creativity and show their beliefs and history to the world. Government and Culture Types of government reflect cultural beliefs and traditions. Examples: democratic republic, communist state. The way a country is governed tells a lot about its culture. Economic Systems and Cultures Economic systems reflect cultural values. Examples: bartering, modern economies (e.g., United States, China). How people earn and spend money also reflects their culture. Spread of Cultural Ideas Trade: Spreading ideas through interactions during trade. Travel: Visitors bringing new ideas. War: Conquering armies imposing beliefs. Cultural ideas spread through trade, travel, and war. Multicultural Societies Blending of multiple cultural and ethnic groups. Common in advanced societies with immigration. Multicultural societies create something new by bringing together different cultures. Cultural Adaptation Cultures can change and adapt by taking new ideas and blending them with their own traditions. Example: 'Tex-Mex' food, which blends Mexican and Texan traditions.

Your Skin Do you know that your skin is the largest organ in your body? Home Economics and Livelihood Education 7 Seibo College 32 You need to clean and protect your skin from the different elements to maintain a clear and smooth looking skin, free from cuts and wounds. Ways of taking care of your skin: a. Eat nutritious food. b. Treat wounds and other skin disorder immediately. c. Take a bath using luffa. d. Apply skin softener. e. Have enough sleep. Your Hair Your hair is said to be your crowning glory. It gives your face an added beauty and radiant looks. So that, keeping your hair shinning through regular washing and combing will do wonders to your look. Suggested ways for keeping your hair glossy and healthy: a. Wash your hair regularly or as it becomes dirty. b. Comb or brush your hair everyday. c. Each time you wash your hair, clean your comb as well. d. You may use soapy water or shampoo. e. For a softer hair, you may use a conditioner. Your Teeth and Gums Home Economics and Livelihood Education 7 Seibo College 33 Caring for your teeth and gums are equally important as well. Never neglect your teeth, otherwise you will not be able to give your close-up smile. Remember the following in caring for your teeth and gums: a. Brush your teeth after each meal. b. Rinse your mouth with water after eating between meals. c. Use dental floss to remove food particles between the teeth. d. Visit your dentist at least twice a year for tooth examination. e. Eat foods rich in vitamins and minerals. Your Hands and Feet One of the most useful part of the body is your hand, which manages all your tasks together with your feet, which support the entire body. Ways on taking care of your hands and feet: a. Always keep your hands clean. b. Wash your hands before and after eating. c. Wash your feet before going to sleep. d. If your feet easily perspire, soak them in warm salty water for about 15 minutes daily. e. Dry with a clean towel. Dust with powder. Home Economics and Livelihood Education 7 Seibo College 34 If you have any questions, you can go to your learning facilitator, but if everything is clear to you, proceed to the next activities. Your Nails: a. Clean your finger nails with soapy water. b. Keep your nails short. c. Use a nail cutter to trim them. d. In trimming , follow the curve of your nails. e. Use a nail file to keep the edges smooth. My dear learners, you are now well informed with the different ways of keeping yourself clean and healthy. You are old enough to be responsible in keeping yourself neat and clean. Therefore, keep these in mind; your personal cleanliness is your primary duty to

DATE: Monday 6th May, 2024 CLASS: Year 5 SUBJECT: History TOPIC: Traditional Occupations of the People in the State(II) Description of Various Occupations 1. Fishing: This occupation is commonly engaged in Nigeria by the people who lived along the coast, lagoon, Delta and big rivers. These people include the Awori in Lagos, the Ijaw and Itsekiri in Delta and Bayelsa States, the Ilaje in Ondo State, the Tiv and the Idoma in Benue State, The Nupe in Niger State. Tools used by the fishermen for catching fishes are traps of different types, net, paddle and dug outs. 2. Crop Farming: This is the main occupation of the Nigeria people who live in the forest region, such as the Yoruba, the Benin, the Urhobo, and the Igbira. These people engaged in the production of both food crops (maize, cassava, vegetables, yam and okra) and tree crops (rubber, palm oil and coconuts). The methods of their farm operation are land clearing, bush burning, harvesting. 3. Animal Husbandry: This involves rearing of animals. The are two types of animal husbandry, namely domestication of animals and cattle rearing. The Fulani engaged in cattle rearing, the Yoruba, the Efik and the Tiv engage in livestock keeping. The main livestock include goats, sheep, hens, rabbit and pigeon. 4. Leather Works: This is making of leather into sandals, bags, shoes, belt etc. This occupation is mostly engaged by the Hausa people. This occupation is made possible due to the presence of abundant cattle in the area. 5. Pottery: This traditional occupation is mostly engaged by women. It exists in the area where there is abundant of clay and it is also mostly practised by the Yoruba. The materials the potter used in the production of objects are clay, water and firewood.

• There are two groups of animals which are important in agriculture. • The groups are domestic and wild animals. 1. Domestic animals • These are animals which are trained to live with people in their homes. • Some examples includes : Uses of domestic animals • Source of food, for example milk, eggs and meat. • For cultural purposes, for example paying lobola. • Some are used for transport and labour. • Domestic animals can also be a source of income. 2 . Wild animals • These are animals which are found in game reserves and in the forests • They are also called game animals. • Examples of wild animals are: Uses of wild animals • Some of the wild animals give us meat, hides and ivory. • Wild animals attract visitors from other countries, so the country gets money. Wednesday 06 September 2023 Exercise: Domestic animals 1. What is a domestic animal? [2] 2. What is a wild animal? [2] 3. Name any 4 domestic animals that you know. [4] 4. State any 2 uses of domestic animals. [2] 5. Name any 3 wild animals that you know. [3] 6. Give 2 uses of wild ani mals. [2] 7. Wild animals can also be called animals. [1] • Animals, like human beings need good food to help them to grow and reproduce. • The main sources of food for animals include stock feeds, pastures, veld grass, crop remains and cereal grains. • These foods contain the most needed essential nutrients. Nutrient Function carbohydrates Gives energy Fats Give energy and warmth Proteins Helps in growth and repair of body parts Minerals Help in the formation of bones and teeth Vitamins Help develop good sight, improve fertility and help animals fight diseases Water Transports food in the body, cools the body and remove waste from the body. • Livestock are domesticated animals that are kept for food, use or for sale. • Small livestock has many uses. • They are a good source of food. • They also give us manure to use in gardens. • We get clothes and medicine as well from small livestock • Examples of small livestock are rabbits, sheep, goats and all form of poultry Poultry • All animals that are kept by farmers which have wings and feathers and lay eggs are called poultry. • They are a good source of white meat, eggs and manure. • They are also a source of income when we well them and their products. • Poultry includes chicken, guinea fowl, ducks, turkey, pigeons and quail birds. Rabbits • Rabbits have 3 known uses which are: They are kept for meat Kept for pelts. (pelt is animal skin used to make blankets, hats and jackets) They are used at agricultural shows • Rabbits are cheap to buy, easy to keep and feed. • They take about 4 months to mature. • Rabbits are fed using green vegetables and rabbit pellets. Wednesday 20 September 2023 Small livestock 1. Give 3 examples of small livestock. [3] 2. State 3 things that are provided by small livestock. [3] 3. What are the 2 uses of rabbits? [2] 4. Pelts are used to make _________________ [1] 5. State any 4 examples poultry. [4] 6. Rabbits take ___________ months to mature. [1] 7. What is poultry? • Apiculture is the keeping of bees in order for them to produce honey for sale. • Apiculture is very important because: (i) Provides honey - a valuable nutritional food (ii) Provides bees wax - which has many uses in industry Uses of wax For making candles Polish furniture Make crayons Prevent tools from rusting (iii) Honey bees are excellent pollinating agents, thus increasing agricultural yields. BEE COLONY Inhabitants of the bee colony and their roles • A honey bee colony typically consists of three kinds of adult bees: workers, drones and the queen 1. Workers • Workers are the smallest and constitute the majority of bees occupying the colony. • They do not lay eggs. • Workers have specialized structures, such as brood food glands, scent glands, wax glands, and pollen baskets. • these allow them to perform all the labors of the hive. Roles of the worker bees they forage for nectar, pollen, water, and plant sap. They clean and polish the cells. feed the brood. care for the queen. remove debris. handle incoming nectar. build beeswax combs. guard the entrance. 2. Drones • Drones (male bees) are the largest bees in the colony. • They are generally present only during late spring and summer. • The drone’s head is much larger than that of either the queen or worker. • Drones have no stinger, pollen baskets, or wax glands. • Their main function is to mate with the queen. 3 . Queen • Each colony has only one queen. • The queen is the largest of the bees in a bee colony. • The Queen Bee plays a vital role in the hive because she is the only female with fully developed ovaries. • She produces both fertilized and unfertilized eggs. • Queens lay the greatest number of eggs in the spring and early summer. • The queen also produce chemical scents that help regulate the unity of the colony. 1. What is apiculture? [2] 2. Give 3 reasons why apiculture is important in Zimbabwe. [3] 3. Name the 3 inhabitants of the bee colony. [3] 4. Briefly explain the roles of each inhabitant named in number 3. • Apart from using hand tools, farmers also use some farm implements and machinery to carry out their field work. • Machines help farmers do their work more easily and quickly. • The most common implements used by farmers to grow, harvest and transport their produces are:  mouldboard plough Cultivator Scotch cart Harrow Planter Maize sheller  combine harvesters Boom sprayers Disc harrow Spike toothed harrow KNAPSACK SPRAYER • Farming is a business. • Communal farmers grow crops and keep animal mainly for their own use. • If there is any extra they sell to get money. • Commercial farmers grow crops and keep animals for sale. • Crops and animals produced are called farm produce. • There are places were farmers have to sell their produce. • Farmers can take their produce to local markets. • A market is a place where buying and selling occurs. • Some of the local markets includes: A shopping centre A school A nearest bus stop A local village A school Local Grain Marketing Board depot (GMB) Types of farm produce Beef Fruits Mutton Eggs Vegetables Pork Milk Chicken Cereals/grains beans

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