Question 1

What is the minimum age a client must be for a salon to carry out colouring or lightening services?

Accepted Answer

16

Answer

14

Answer

12

Answer

Any age

Question 2

Why is it important to recognise contra‑indications before carrying out a colour and lightening service?

Accepted Answer

To prevent causing harm, adverse reactions, or unsuitable results for the client

Answer

To reduce the amount of product needed for the service

Answer

To ensure the colour develops faster and lasts longer

Answer

To make the service easier and quicker for the stylist

Question 3

It is important to inform your client of the likely cost ,duration and expected outcome of the service to ensure that the client:

Accepted Answer

So the client can decide whether the service fits their expectations and agree to it

Answer

So the stylist can complete the service more quickly

Answer

So the colour develops more evenly

Answer

So the salon can sell additional products

Question 4

Pheomelanin colour pigments are:

Accepted Answer

The red and yellow pigments that give hair warm tones

Answer

The dark brown to black pigments responsible for deep brunette and black hair

Answer

The pigments that create grey and white hair

Answer

Artificial pigments added during the colouring process

Question 5

If the hair contains a large amount of eumelanin colour pigments and the client would like to achieve a light blonde shade, what should your action be?

Accepted Answer

Use a lightening product to lift the natural pigment before toning

Answer

Apply a warm copper shade to neutralise the dark pigment

Answer

Apply a semi‑permanent blonde colour directly to lighten the hair

Answer

Add more conditioner to dilute the natural pigment

Question 6

Which type of colouring product will last approximately, 4 – 8 shampoos, contain colour molecules that stain the, cuticle and partially penetrate the cortex?

Accepted Answer

Quasi‑permanent (demi‑permanent) colour

Answer

Permanent colour

Answer

Temporary colour

Answer

Semi‑permanent colour

Question 7

Permanent colour molecules change the hair’s natural colour by:

Accepted Answer

Opening the cuticle and depositing colour deep into the cortex

Answer

Coating the outside of the hair without entering the cuticle

Answer

Staining the cuticle only and washing out quickly

Answer

Fading gradually without altering the natural pigment

Question 8

How can the results of tests influence colouring and lightening services?

Accepted Answer

They determine whether the service is safe, suitable, and what products or methods should be used

Answer

They help decide how much product to order for the salon

Answer

They only indicate how long the appointment will take

Answer

They show which stylist should carry out the service

Question 9

Over‑processing of a colouring product could result in:

Accepted Answer

Damage to the hair such as dryness, breakage, or uneven colour results

Answer

Faster hair growth and improved scalp condition

Answer

Stronger, healthier hair with more shine

Answer

No change to the hair as colour stops working after 10 minutes

Question 10

What effects can contra‑indications have on the delivery of colouring and lightening services?

Accepted Answer

They can influence whether the service can proceed, the methods used, and any adaptations needed to maintain client safety

Answer

They mainly affect the shade selected but have little impact on product choice or application technique

Answer

They usually result in faster processing, as the hair reacts more strongly to chemical products

Answer

They may require only minor adjustments to timings but never prevent the service from taking place

Question 11

How can different levels of hair porosity affect the choice and application of colouring/lightening products and influence the final results?

Accepted Answer

High porosity may absorb colour too quickly, creating darker or uneven results, while low porosity may slow product penetration, requiring adjusted techniques or processing times

Answer

Low‑porosity hair lifts faster because the cuticle is tightly closed, allowing products to stay on the surface longer

Answer

Porous hair always resists colour, so stronger developers must always be used to achieve any result

Answer

Porosity only affects how shiny the hair appears and does not impact colouring or lightening outcomes

Question 12

The importance of preparing your client’s hair before a colouring or lightening service is to:

Accepted Answer

Remove surface impurities, assess the hair’s condition, and create an even foundation so products work safely and predictably

Answer

Prevent the hair from absorbing too much product by avoiding any form of cleansing or detangling beforehand

Answer

Allow the colour to process faster by keeping natural oils on the scalp and hair shaft

Answer

Ensure the hair dries more quickly after the service and improves the shine of the finished result

Question 13

Why is it important to follow manufacturers’ instructions when measuring, mixing, and timing colouring and lightening products?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the chemical balance, processing time, and application method deliver safe, predictable results without risking damage or adverse reactions

Answer

To speed up the colouring process by adjusting ratios and timings to suit the stylist’s preference

Answer

To make the product last longer in the salon’s stock and reduce waste during services

Answer

To guarantee that the colour will be permanent and never fade, regardless of aftercare or hair condition

Question 14

Why is it important to restore the hair’s pH balance after the colouring and lightening process?

Accepted Answer

To rebalance the hair and scalp, helping the cuticle close, stabilising colour molecules, and reducing damage or sensitivity

Answer

To make the hair more alkaline so it absorbs aftercare products more easily

Answer

To neutralise all colour pigments so the shade becomes lighter and softer over time

Answer

To allow the cuticle to stay fully open so the colour continues developing after the service

Question 15

Which of these factors has an impact on colouring and lightening services?

Accepted Answer

The hair’s natural depth, condition, previous chemical treatments, and porosity levels

Answer

The temperature of the salon waiting area, even if it does not affect processing

Answer

The brand of shampoo the client uses at home, regardless of hair condition

Answer

The client’s preferred styling tools, such as brushes and straighteners

Question 16

When weaving hair for colouring or lightening services, which factors must be taken into account to judge how much hair should be woven?

Accepted Answer

The natural depth, density, texture, and desired level of contrast in the final colour result

Answer

The client’s preferred styling routine and how often they wash their hair

Answer

The size of the client’s head and the length of their previous haircut

Answer

The brand of colouring product used, regardless of the client’s hair type

Question 17

To minimise damage to the client’s skin, clothes, and the surrounding area during colouring and lightening services, what precautions must be taken?

Accepted Answer

Use protective equipment such as gowns, towels, barrier creams, and workstation coverings, and apply products with controlled, accurate techniques

Answer

Focus solely on protecting the workstation, as colour staining on the skin or clothes can be removed easily afterwards

Answer

Only protect the client’s clothing, as skin and equipment are not affected by colour products

Answer

Apply extra product to ensure full saturation, as this reduces the chance of accidental spillages

Question 18

Throughout the bleaching process, the hair’s natural colour pigment is removed from the hair, forming colourless pigments called:

Accepted Answer

Oxidised melanin

Answer

Neutralised eumelanin

Answer

Pheomelanin residues

Answer

Dispersed pigment particles

Question 19

When carrying out a consultation with clients, why is it important to ask clear questions and record their answers accurately to safeguard the salon and the stylist against:

Accepted Answer

Complaints, disputes, legal issues, and claims arising from adverse reactions or unsatisfactory results

Answer

Misunderstandings about the client’s preferred styling tools and home hair‑care habits

Answer

Errors in stock control, leading to incorrect product orders and supply issues

Answer

The possibility of the stylist forgetting the client’s previous appointment date

Question 20

How does temperature affect the application and development of colouring and lightening products?

Accepted Answer

Higher temperatures accelerate the chemical action of colour and lightener, while lower temperatures slow processing and may require technique or timing adjustments

Answer

Temperature has no effect on colour or lightener development as long as the mixing ratio is correct

Answer

Higher temperatures slow down chemical development, making colour appear cooler and softer, while lower temperatures intensify lifting

Answer

Lower temperatures always produce a stronger, faster lift, regardless of product choice or hair condition

Question 21

How should a strand test be carried out before a colouring or lightening service?

Accepted Answer

Select a small, discreet strand from an area that represents the overall hair condition, apply the product as planned, process fully, then assess the hair’s reaction, lift, and strength

Answer

Apply product to a large section of hair at the top of the head so the result is more noticeable, then rinse immediately

Answer

Apply the colour mixture to a wet strand of hair, as this speeds up development and gives a more accurate prediction

Answer

Apply product to the driest part of the hair only, leave it for half the recommended time, and assume the remaining hair will react the same

Question 22

An incompatibility test is performed by placing a test cutting into a solution of

Accepted Answer

6% hydrogen peroxide mixed with liquid perm solution to identify metallic salts

Answer

Low‑volume developer and bleach powder to test the hair’s lifting ability

Answer

Conditioner and cold water to assess porosity differences

Answer

Warm water and clarifying shampoo to check for product build‑up

Question 23

Why is it important to section the hair accurately when carrying out colouring and lightening services?

Accepted Answer

To ensure controlled application, even saturation, predictable development, and clean working areas that prevent colour bleed or patchy results

Answer

To speed up the service by allowing the stylist to apply colour in larger, less organised sections

Answer

To make the hair appear thicker during the colouring process, even if the product is not applied evenly

Answer

To reduce the amount of product used by limiting application to the surface layers of the hair

Question 24

Why is it important for stylists to use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during colouring and lightening services?

Accepted Answer

To minimise exposure to chemicals, prevent skin irritation or inhalation risks, and maintain hygiene and safety standards for both stylist and client

Answer

To ensure the stylist can work faster by avoiding contact with tools and products altogether

Answer

To improve the colour development process by increasing heat around the hands and arms

Answer

To keep the stylist’s uniform clean but without affecting safety or product handling

Question 25

Following a skin test, if the client’s skin becomes red and inflamed, you should remove the tint and:

Accepted Answer

Cleanse the area thoroughly, advise the client not to proceed with the service, and record the reaction in their client records

Answer

Reapply the tint to confirm whether the reaction was caused by incorrect application

Answer

Leave the test area untreated to observe whether the reaction worsens before deciding to continue

Answer

Apply a soothing cream and continue with the colouring service as long as the client feels comfortable

Question 26

The International Colour Chart (ICC) identifies the:

Accepted Answer

Natural depth, levels using a universal numbering system

Answer

Hair’s porosity, elasticity and chemical history to predict colour suitability

Answer

Developer strength required to achieve the client’s desired lift or deposit

Answer

Correct processing time for all permanent and semi‑permanent colours regardless of brand

Question 27

When using colouring products, the first number after the dot or slash identifies:

Accepted Answer

The primary tone or reflect that influences the dominant visible tone in the final result

Answer

The secondary tone that appears once the colour begins to fade

Answer

The depth level of the colour and how light or dark it will appear

Answer

The strength of the developer required to activate the colour molecules

Question 28

Which tone is used to counteract green tones present in the hair?

Accepted Answer

Red

Answer

Blue

Answer

Yellow

Answer

Violet

Question 29

What are the potential risks of using lightening products on previously chemically treated hair?

Accepted Answer

The hair may become overly porous, weakened, unevenly lifted, or prone to breakage due to existing damage from previous chemical services

Answer

The hair becomes resistant to all future chemical services, making further colour work impossible

Answer

The lightener lifts more evenly on chemically treated hair, reducing processing time and improving durability

Answer

The hair becomes stronger because previous chemicals provide extra support during the lightening process

Question 30

When two to three levels of lift are required, what strength of peroxide would typically be chosen?

Accepted Answer

6% (20 vol)

Answer

12% (40 vol)

Answer

9% (30 vol)

Answer

3% (10 vol)

Question 31

What are the limits of your authority when resolving colouring and lightening problems during a service?

Accepted Answer

You must only carry out corrective actions that fall within your training, experience, and salon policies, and refer complex or high‑risk issues to a more senior stylist or colour specialist

Answer

You should continue the service regardless of the issue, as stopping may disappoint the client

Answer

You can attempt any corrective technique you feel confident with, even if it involves advanced chemical services outside your training

Answer

You can offer any solution the client requests, even if it contradicts manufacturer’s instructions or salon guidelines

Question 32

If you encounter a colouring or lightening problem that you cannot resolve within your level of training, who should you report it to?

Accepted Answer

Your senior stylist, manager, or designated colour specialist who is authorised to make decisions and provide corrective guidance

Answer

The client, asking them to choose the corrective method they think is best

Answer

The receptionist, so they can inform the client and rearrange the appointment

Answer

Another stylist at the same training level so you can both attempt a solution together

Question 33

Why might you choose to use a quasi‑permanent (demi‑permanent) colour on the mid‑lengths and ends only?

Accepted Answer

Because mid‑lengths and ends are often more porous and can become darker or over‑processed if permanent colour is reapplied

Answer

Because quasi‑permanent colour permanently restructures the hair, improving its strength during colouring

Answer

Because quasi‑permanent colour gives more lift than permanent colour, making it ideal for faded ends

Answer

Because the mid‑lengths and ends always lift faster than the roots, so a stronger permanent colour is not needed

Question 34

Emulsifying the hair thoroughly prior to removing colour ensures that the colour is:

Accepted Answer

Evenly softened and re‑distributed, helping to remove excess colour and prevent patchy or uneven results

Answer

Locked into the cortex more securely, increasing the longevity of the final colour

Answer

Neutralised chemically so no rinsing or shampooing is required afterward

Answer

Diluted only on the surface of the hair, making the final shade appear slightly darker

Question 35

It is important to restore the natural pH balance of the hair after colouring or lightening to:

Accepted Answer

Close and stabilise the cuticle, lock in colour molecules, and help protect the hair from further moisture loss and damage

Answer

Remove all artificial pigment from the cortex to prevent overstaining

Answer

Make the hair more alkaline so that aftercare products can penetrate more easily

Answer

Keep the cuticle slightly raised so colour molecules continue to develop for a brighter final result

Question 36

Why is it important to avoid disturbing areas of the hair that are still processing when removing colour or lightening products from developed areas?

Accepted Answer

Disturbing processing areas can disrupt the chemical action, cause uneven lift or deposit, and increase the risk of over‑processing or patchy results

Answer

Disturbing processing areas helps the product work faster and ensures a more even lift

Answer

Leaving processing areas untouched prevents heat loss, allowing the product to stay more active for longer

Answer

It is not important; once some areas have developed, all sections should be rinsed together for consistency

Question 37

What is/are the main cause/s of hair deterioration following a colouring or lightening service?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to water during rinsing, which weakens the hair shaft permanently

Answer

Allowing the hair to dry naturally instead of heat‑styling it after the service

Answer

Over‑processing, incorrect product choice or strength, and repeated chemical exposure on already compromised hair

Answer

Using conditioner after colouring, which prevents the cuticle from closing properly

Question 38

When the hair is weaved correctly during a partial colouring technique, which other action may cause colour seepage?

Accepted Answer

Folding or placing the foils incorrectly, causing product to spread or leak onto surrounding hair

Answer

Using a slightly thinner weave than planned, even if the foils are applied neatly

Answer

Applying the colour with too light a pressure, preventing the product from fully saturating the woven strands

Answer

Choosing a warmer shade than intended, increasing the risk of uneven development

Question 39

After 10 minutes into the development time of a permanent colour, you notice some patches of hair that have not been covered. What should you do?

Accepted Answer

Apply colour to the missed patches straight away and adjust timing so those areas develop fully without over‑processing the rest

Answer

Rinse the entire head immediately and re‑apply the colour from the beginning for even results

Answer

Leave the uncovered patches as they are and hope the colour spreads naturally during emulsification

Answer

Add water to the developing colour to thin it out and make spreading easier over the missed areas

Question 40

What precautions must be taken when using powder lightener?

Accepted Answer

Wear appropriate PPE, avoid inhaling the powder, mix in a well‑ventilated area, and apply carefully to prevent scalp irritation and over‑processing

Answer

Keep the lightener exposed to air during mixing to increase oxidation and boost product strength

Answer

Mix the powder and developer vigorously to create a thick, frothy consistency for faster lift

Answer

Apply lightener to wet hair to dilute the product and reduce the risk of chemical reaction

Question 41

During the development time of a foiled lightening service, you notice product seepage in the crown area. What should you do?

Accepted Answer

Carefully wipe away excess product, secure or replace the affected foil, and continue monitoring the area closely to prevent over‑lightening

Answer

Apply additional lightener to surrounding sections to blend the seepage for a more even result

Answer

Leave the foils undisturbed and wait until the full development time has finished before addressing the seepage

Answer

Remove all foils immediately and rinse the entire head to prevent further spreading of the lightener

Question 42

What precautions must be taken to minimise inhalation risks when using powder lightener?

Accepted Answer

Open and mix the powder carefully in a well‑ventilated area, keep the bowl low, avoid creating dust, and never breathe directly over the product

Answer

Mix the product as quickly as possible to reduce the time the powder is in the air

Answer

Add extra developer to reduce dust particles, allowing you to inhale less powder during mixing

Answer

Hold the bowl at face height so you can clearly see the mixture while combining the powder and developer

Question 43

Why is it important to confirm the client’s satisfaction following a colour service?

Accepted Answer

To ensure the client understands aftercare advice, prevent complaints, and confirm that the colour result meets their expectations

Answer

To record the stylist’s preferred colour formulas in the client’s notes for future services

Answer

To check whether the stylist enjoyed carrying out the service and would like to repeat it

Answer

To encourage the client to purchase additional salon products, regardless of their experience

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