In a well-known experiment, preschool children pounded and kicked a large inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate the importance of:

Which of the following behaviors is typically reinforced on a variable ratio schedule?

The researcher most closely associated with the study of classical conditioning is:

Jim decides to seek treatment for his alcoholism that involves taking a medication that causes nausea when paired with alcohol. What type of treatment has Jim chosen?

In classical conditioning, the ________ signals the impending occurrence of the ________.

Long after being bitten by a stray dog, Alonzo found that his fear of dogs seemed to have disappeared. To his surprise, however, when he was recently confronted by a stray dog, he experienced a sudden twinge of anxiety. This sudden anxiety best illustrates:

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle. Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates:

Lars, a shoe salesman, is paid every two weeks, whereas Tom receives a commission for every pair of shoes he sells. Evidently, Lars is paid on a _________ schedule of reinforcement, and Tom on a _________ schedule of reinforcement.

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform, 3-year-old Vaclav experiences fear of any woman wearing a white dress. Vaclav's reaction best illustrates:

Children learn to fear spiders more easily than they learn to fear flowers. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on learning.

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote:

A patient who had long feared going into elevators was told by his therapist to force himself to go into 20 elevators a day. The therapist most likely wanted to encourage the ________ of the patient's fear.

Learned taste aversion is a form of:

Laurie's thumbsucking has become habitual because she begins to feel less anxious whenever she sucks her thumb. This best illustrates the process of

A Skinner box is a(n):

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of:

On Monday, Johnny's mother gave him cookies and milk after he had played quietly for 10 minutes. On Tuesday, she required 20 minutes of quiet play before treat time, and on Wednesday, the cookies were given to him only after a full half hour of quiet play. Johnny was taught to play quietly for extended periods through:

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the bell (during and after conditioning) was the

Ever since his mother began to give Julio gold stars for keeping his bed dry all night, Julio discontinued his habit of bedwetting. His change in behavior best illustrates the value of:

Escape from an aversive stimulus is a ________ reinforcer.