Rates of operant responding are ________ for fixed-ratio than/as they are for fixed-interval schedules; they are ________ for variable-ratio than/as they are for variable-interval schedules.

A response is learned most rapidly and is most resistant to extinction if it is acquired under conditions of:

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

John Garcia showed that when rats ingested a novel substance before becoming nauseated from radiation or drugs, they acquired a

The use of physical punishment may:

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ________ is to ________.

According to B. F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled primarily by: A) conscious thoughts.

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

After he was spanked on several occasions for spilling his milk at a restaurant, Colin began to experience a fear of the restaurant. In this case, spanking was a(n) ________ for Colin's fear.

In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the sound of the tone was a(n):

A person adhering to the cognitive perspective would be likely to emphasize that classical conditioning depends on:

Operant conditioning and classical conditioning differ in several ways. For example, in classical conditioning, extinction is the diminishing of a CR when a UCS does not follow a CS; in operant conditioning, extinction means:

Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Paul is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes, while Michael is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes. Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to:

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the US was:

After getting a slight burn from the spark of a flickering campfire, Julie became afraid of getting close to lighted gas stoves. This best illustrates the survival value of:

Children often learn to associate pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of a candy bar. This best illustrates the process underlying:

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store. Although at one time her mother granted every request, she now does so less consistently. Research suggests that Della will:

For purposes of effective child-rearing, most psychologists favor the use of:

Operant conditioning and classical conditioning differ in several ways. For example, in classical conditioning, extinction is the diminishing of a CR when a UCS does not follow a CS; in operant conditioning, extinction means:

Nikki has learned to expect the sound of thunder whenever she sees a flash of lightning. This suggests that associative learning involves:

Because Mr. Baron demonstrates appreciation only for superior, high-level classroom answers, his students have stopped participating in class altogether. Mr. Baron most clearly needs to be informed of the value of:

The fact that learning can occur without reinforcement is most clearly demonstrated by studies of:

Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents. This illustrates the importance of: