What do we call a test in a program that decides what happens next?

What is the way players and programs communicate called?

What do we call the reasoning behind the decisions in a program, which helps it figure out what to do next?

What do we call a value that can change during a game, such as the score?

What is it called when a program gives a response, like a sound or a message, after receiving input?

What do we call the process of finding and fixing errors in a program?

What do we call a rule in a program that decides what happens next, like 'if it rains, then take an umbrella'?