What is the primary function of the Local Users and Groups Console in a Windows operating system?

To manage user accounts and group permissions

To install software applications

In the Local Users and Groups Console, what is the purpose of the 'Administrators' group?

To provide users with full management privileges on the system

To enable basic application usage

To allow users to log in remotely

To restrict access to system settings

What might happen if a user account is disabled in the Local Users and Groups Console?

The user will not be able to log in to the computer

The user's files will be deleted

The user will be automatically logged out

The user will have limited access to applications

What is the difference between a 'Standard User' and an 'Administrator' in the Local Users and Groups Console?

Standard Users have limited permissions compared to Administrators

Standard Users have full control of the system

Administrators cannot change settings

Both types can access all files without restrictions

How can you reopen the Local Users and Groups Console after it has been closed?

By accessing it through the 'Run' dialog and typing 'lusrmgr.msc'

By accessing Control Panel directly

By right-clicking on the desktop

What can be done with the 'Groups' section in the Local Users and Groups Console?

You can manage user memberships and permissions for various groups

You can reinstall the operating system

You can configure hardware settings

Which of the following actions is NOT possible in the Local Users and Groups Console?

Resetting a Windows password for a Microsoft Account

What is the primary purpose of the Local Users and Groups Console in Windows?

To manage user accounts and groups

What happens if you disable a user account in the Local Users and Groups Console?

The user cannot log in to the system

The user is notified automatically

The user can still log in with limited access

What is the function of the 'Guests' group in the Local Users and Groups Console?

To provide limited access for temporary users

What is a primary reason for creating user groups in the Local Users and Groups Console?

To manage permissions more efficiently

To speed up network connections

Local Users and Groups Console

New Trends in Agriculture Extension approaches Extension has been, and still is, under attack from a wide spectrum of politicians and economists over its cost and financing. As a result, Extension Systems have had to make changes, by restating the system’s mission, developing a new vision for the future, and formulating plans for the necessary transition to achieve the desired change. 1. Privatization of Agricultural Extension Service Privatization: Process of funding and delivering the extension services by private individual or organization is called Private Extension. Concept: Privatization of extension refers to services rendered in rural area & allied aspects of extension personnel working in private agencies or organization for which farmers are expected to pay a fee & it can be viewed as supplementary or alternative to public extension services (Sarvanan & Shivalinge 1980). Privatization approaches ➢ Share cropping system ➢ Village extension contract system ➢ Public extension through private delivery ➢ Service for vouchers Strengths of Private Extension System ➢ More demand - driven rather than supply – driven ➢ High quality of services in terms of satisfying information needs of clientele, trained manpower, sustained finances and resource allocation ➢ Provides for an information mix and choices available to farmers ➢ Enhanced efficiency of staff ➢ Assure continuous supply and quality agricultural products ➢ More effective because farmer can select an adviser who is the best able to help ➢ Healthy competition among service provider will lead to better quality and lower costs for service Weakness of Private Extension System ➢ Concentrate on area having favorable physical environment ➢ More face-to-face contacts (person oriented) ➢ Increased dependence of farmers and hence exploitation ➢ No education role ➢ Deprivation of small farmers ➢ Hamper the free flow of information 2. Cyber Extension or e-extension Concepts Cyber space: it is the imaginary or virtual space of computers connected with each other on Networks, across the Globe. Cyber extension: it means 'using the power of online networks, computer communications and digital interactive multimedia to facilitate dissemination of agriculture technology. Cyber Extension thus can be defined as the extension over cyber space. Important tools of cyber extension E-Mail, Telnet, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Gopher, Archie and World Wide Web (WWW) Strengths of Cyber Extension ➢ Access to the astounding information and continuously available ➢ Information rich and instantaneously available of information ➢ Interactive communication ➢ The information is available from any point on the globe ➢ Communication is dynamic ➢ Cut steps from traditional process ➢ Save money, time and effort ➢ Multiplicity of purpose Issues and Concerns of Cyber Extension ➢ Lack of Reliable Telecom Infrastructure in Rural Areas ➢ Erratic or no Power Supply ➢ Lack of ICT Trained manpower (willing to serve) in Rural Areas ➢ Lack of content (locally relevant and in local languages) ➢ Lack of Information Services to Rural Clientele ➢ Low Purchasing power of the Rural communities ➢ Lack of Holistic Approaches ➢ Issues of Sustainability Application of cyber extension ➢ Village information shops Dr. M.S. SwaminathanResearch Foundation, Chennai ➢ Information villagers MANAGE in Ranga Reddy District in Andhra pradesh ➢ Gyandoot net initiative of District Dhar, Madhya Pradesh. ➢ Warna wired village of National Informatics Center (NIC) in Kolhapur- Sangli Districts of Maharashtra 3. Market-Led-Extension (MLE) Concepts Market: A congregation of prospective buyers & sellers with a common motive of trading a particular commodity. Extension: It is the spreading/reaching out to the mass Market-led-extension: Agriculture & economics coupled with extension is the perfect blend for reaching at the door steps of common man with the help of technology. Dimensions of market-led extension ➢ Marketing mix: A planned mix of the controllable elements of a product's marketing plan commonly termed as 4Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. These four elements are adjusted until the right combination is found that serves the needs of the product's customers, while generating optimum income. ➢ Marketing plan: A marketing plan is a comprehensive document that outlines a business and marketing efforts for the coming year. It describes business activities involved in accomplishing specific marketing objectives within a set time frame. A marketing plan also includes a description of the current marketing position of a business, a discussion of the target market and a description of the marketing mix that a business will use to achieve their marketing goals. ➢ Market Intelligence: It is the information relevant to a company’s markets, gathered and analyzed specifically for the purpose of accurate and confident decision making. Market intelligence includes the process of gathering data from the company’s external environment, whereas the business intelligence process is primarily based on internal recorded events – such as sales, shipments and purchases. ➢ Market oriented production ➢ Use of Technology Strengths of market-led extension ➢ SWOT analysis of the market ➢ Organization of Farmers’ Interest Groups (FIGs) ➢ Enhancing the interactive and communication skills of the farmers ➢ Establishing marketing and agro-processing linkages ➢ Advice on product planning ➢ Educating the farming community ➢ Direct marketing ➢ Acquiring complete market intelligence ➢ Publication of agricultural market information Production of video films of success stories ➢ Challenges to market-led extension ➢ Gigantic size of extension system ➢ Information technology Diverse conditions ➢ Market intelligence ➢ Reforms in agricultural extension system Government Initiatives ➢ Central warehousing Corporation-1965 ➢ MSP by Commission for Agricultural Cost and Price (CACP) ➢ Food Corporation of India ➢ Then some others as: Cotton Corporation of India (CCI), Jute Corporation of India (JCI), National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), Agriculture and Processed food Export Development Authority (APEDA) etc. 4. Farmer--Led-Extension (FLE) Farmer--led-extension is defined as 'the provision of training by farmers to farmers, often through the creation of a structure of farmer promoters and farmer trainers' (Scarborough et al., 1997). Philosophy and principles ➢ Farmers and local institutions (e.g. producer organizations or village leaders) should play a key role in selecting farmer-trainers and monitoring and evaluating them. This helps make the programmes more accountable to the community or groups that they serve. ➢ Farmer-trainers are ‘of the community’; they communicate in local languages and are more sensitive to local cultures, mannerisms, farming practices, and farmers’ needs. ➢ Farmer-trainers should be selected on the basis of their skills and interest in sharing information, not just on their farming expertise. ➢ Farmer-trainers need strong linkages with and support from development agents (whether government, non-government organization (NGO), or private), the people who train and backstop them. Farmer-trainers generally serve as a complement to existing extension systems, rather than being a substitute for them. ➢ Facilitating organizations and local institutions need to be proactive in ensuring that women as well as men become farmer-trainers. ➢ Simple and appropriate reference materials should be made available to the farmer trainers. Essential Elements of Farmer--led-extension ➢ The group ➢ The Field ➢ The Facilitator ➢ The curriculum ➢ Programme leader ➢ Financing Special features of Farmer--led-extension ➢ All learning is field based & it is primary venue for learning ➢ FLE group learning constantly over the experimentation period ➢ FLE promotes healthy decisions & quality decisions ➢ Farmers conduct their own field studies with comparisons or treatments ➢ Facilitates Farmer-to-Farmer communication ➢ Field staff serve as facilitators ➢ FLE is a unique way to educate farmers ➢ It is an effective platform for sharing of experiences and collectively solving agriculture related problems. 5. Expert system Expert system is an intelligent computer program that uses knowledge and inferences procedures to solve problems (Daniel Hunt, 1986). Objectives of developing expert system ➢ To enhance the performance of agricultural extension personnel and farmer ➢ To make farming more efficient and profitable ➢ To reduce the time required in solving the problems ➢ To maintain the expert system by continuously upgrading the database Advantages of expert system ➢ Solves critical problems by making logical deductions without taking much time ➢ It combines experimental and conventional knowledge with the reasoning skills of specialists ➢ To enhance the performance of average worker to the level of an expert Limitations of expert system ➢ Expensive computer program ➢ Mostly developed not in regional languages ➢ Requires AC power and internet connection all the time ➢ Complex software requires computer skilled personnel Modules of expert system in agriculture ➢ COMAX: Integrated crop management in cotton ➢ SOYEX: Soybean oil extraction expert system ➢ PLANT/ds: Diagnosis of soybean diseases ➢ MAIZE: Maize expert system for field crop management ➢ SEMAGI: Weed control decision making in sunflowers ➢ Rice Crop Doctor: Developed by National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) Difference between conventional and expert system of extension Conventional Extension ➢ Universal approachability of same information is a problem ➢ Information is given whatever is available without considering needs and resources ➢ No Cost benefit analysis ➢ Information flow depends on availability of agent ➢ Require users to draw their own conclusion from facts Expert System of Extension ➢ Universal approachability of same information is possible ➢ Information is chosen based on their needs and resources ➢ Cost benefit analysis ➢ Information through Cyber Cafe at any place at any time ➢ Conclusion is drawn based on the decision given by the expert

• There are two groups of animals which are important in agriculture. • The groups are domestic and wild animals. 1. Domestic animals • These are animals which are trained to live with people in their homes. • Some examples includes : Uses of domestic animals • Source of food, for example milk, eggs and meat. • For cultural purposes, for example paying lobola. • Some are used for transport and labour. • Domestic animals can also be a source of income. 2 . Wild animals • These are animals which are found in game reserves and in the forests • They are also called game animals. • Examples of wild animals are: Uses of wild animals • Some of the wild animals give us meat, hides and ivory. • Wild animals attract visitors from other countries, so the country gets money. Wednesday 06 September 2023 Exercise: Domestic animals 1. What is a domestic animal? [2] 2. What is a wild animal? [2] 3. Name any 4 domestic animals that you know. [4] 4. State any 2 uses of domestic animals. [2] 5. Name any 3 wild animals that you know. [3] 6. Give 2 uses of wild ani mals. [2] 7. Wild animals can also be called animals. [1] • Animals, like human beings need good food to help them to grow and reproduce. • The main sources of food for animals include stock feeds, pastures, veld grass, crop remains and cereal grains. • These foods contain the most needed essential nutrients. Nutrient Function carbohydrates Gives energy Fats Give energy and warmth Proteins Helps in growth and repair of body parts Minerals Help in the formation of bones and teeth Vitamins Help develop good sight, improve fertility and help animals fight diseases Water Transports food in the body, cools the body and remove waste from the body. • Livestock are domesticated animals that are kept for food, use or for sale. • Small livestock has many uses. • They are a good source of food. • They also give us manure to use in gardens. • We get clothes and medicine as well from small livestock • Examples of small livestock are rabbits, sheep, goats and all form of poultry Poultry • All animals that are kept by farmers which have wings and feathers and lay eggs are called poultry. • They are a good source of white meat, eggs and manure. • They are also a source of income when we well them and their products. • Poultry includes chicken, guinea fowl, ducks, turkey, pigeons and quail birds. Rabbits • Rabbits have 3 known uses which are: They are kept for meat Kept for pelts. (pelt is animal skin used to make blankets, hats and jackets) They are used at agricultural shows • Rabbits are cheap to buy, easy to keep and feed. • They take about 4 months to mature. • Rabbits are fed using green vegetables and rabbit pellets. Wednesday 20 September 2023 Small livestock 1. Give 3 examples of small livestock. [3] 2. State 3 things that are provided by small livestock. [3] 3. What are the 2 uses of rabbits? [2] 4. Pelts are used to make _________________ [1] 5. State any 4 examples poultry. [4] 6. Rabbits take ___________ months to mature. [1] 7. What is poultry? • Apiculture is the keeping of bees in order for them to produce honey for sale. • Apiculture is very important because: (i) Provides honey - a valuable nutritional food (ii) Provides bees wax - which has many uses in industry Uses of wax For making candles Polish furniture Make crayons Prevent tools from rusting (iii) Honey bees are excellent pollinating agents, thus increasing agricultural yields. BEE COLONY Inhabitants of the bee colony and their roles • A honey bee colony typically consists of three kinds of adult bees: workers, drones and the queen 1. Workers • Workers are the smallest and constitute the majority of bees occupying the colony. • They do not lay eggs. • Workers have specialized structures, such as brood food glands, scent glands, wax glands, and pollen baskets. • these allow them to perform all the labors of the hive. Roles of the worker bees they forage for nectar, pollen, water, and plant sap. They clean and polish the cells. feed the brood. care for the queen. remove debris. handle incoming nectar. build beeswax combs. guard the entrance. 2. Drones • Drones (male bees) are the largest bees in the colony. • They are generally present only during late spring and summer. • The drone’s head is much larger than that of either the queen or worker. • Drones have no stinger, pollen baskets, or wax glands. • Their main function is to mate with the queen. 3 . Queen • Each colony has only one queen. • The queen is the largest of the bees in a bee colony. • The Queen Bee plays a vital role in the hive because she is the only female with fully developed ovaries. • She produces both fertilized and unfertilized eggs. • Queens lay the greatest number of eggs in the spring and early summer. • The queen also produce chemical scents that help regulate the unity of the colony. 1. What is apiculture? [2] 2. Give 3 reasons why apiculture is important in Zimbabwe. [3] 3. Name the 3 inhabitants of the bee colony. [3] 4. Briefly explain the roles of each inhabitant named in number 3. • Apart from using hand tools, farmers also use some farm implements and machinery to carry out their field work. • Machines help farmers do their work more easily and quickly. • The most common implements used by farmers to grow, harvest and transport their produces are:  mouldboard plough Cultivator Scotch cart Harrow Planter Maize sheller  combine harvesters Boom sprayers Disc harrow Spike toothed harrow KNAPSACK SPRAYER • Farming is a business. • Communal farmers grow crops and keep animal mainly for their own use. • If there is any extra they sell to get money. • Commercial farmers grow crops and keep animals for sale. • Crops and animals produced are called farm produce. • There are places were farmers have to sell their produce. • Farmers can take their produce to local markets. • A market is a place where buying and selling occurs. • Some of the local markets includes: A shopping centre A school A nearest bus stop A local village A school Local Grain Marketing Board depot (GMB) Types of farm produce Beef Fruits Mutton Eggs Vegetables Pork Milk Chicken Cereals/grains beans

Orchard / fruit trees Importance of fruit trees • Fruit trees are important for the following uses: They are a source of food, they produce fruits Some are used for making medicines Others provide shade and can also act as wind breakers. Those with beautiful flowers are very decorative. They contain vitamins which means they have nutritional value. Classification of fruit trees • Fruit trees are classified as indigenous and exotic. Indigenous fruit trees • are those that natural grow in a country. • They take longer to grow. • Examples of indigenous fruit trees are: English name Shona Name Snot apple Water berry Red ivory Fig Monkey orange Wild custard apple Mobola fruit Exotic fruit trees • These are trees that were brought from other countries. • They are commercially grown in orchards. • Common exotic fruit trees include: • Exotic fruit trees grow faster than indigenous. Ornamental horticulture • It deals with the growing of decorative plants. • Decorative plants are collectively called ornamental plants. • They include trees, shrubs, flowers and lawn grasses. Importance of ornamental plants They beautify the environment. Flowers often produce a pleasing fragrance. Flowers attract insects like bees that are responsible for pollination. Plants produce oxygen that we need for breathing. • Some are used for making medicines. • Lawn grasses prevent soil erosion. • Plants provide shelter for birds and insects. Classification of ornamental plants • There are four classes of ornamental plants. Trees Shrubs Flowers Lawn Trees: • Ornamental trees are very useful as decorative plants. • This is because most of these trees produce beautiful flowers and some are ever green. • Examples of decorative trees include flamboyant, jacaranda, pines, Cyprus. Shrubs: • A shrub is a woody plant with many branches but smaller than a tree. • Some of them are ornamentals because they produce beautiful flowers. • Others can be cut into decorative shapes. • The golden duranta is good example because it can be cut into nice shapes. • The bougainvillea is another example of a decorative plant because: It can act as a climbing plant. It produces decorative flowers. It can also be cut into any shape using a hedge shear. Flowers: • Flowers have the following functions: They are used for decorations at weddings, hotels and parties. They are used as an expression of love and appreciation such as valentine’s day and get well soon messages. They are useful in bee farming called apiculture as they are a source of nectar used for making honey. Flowers produce a pleasant fragrance used in the production of soaps and scents for perfumes, deodorant and lotions. Lawn: • A lawn is an area of grass that is kept cut short and is usually part of someone's garden or backyard, or part of a park. • Some lawn grasses grown in Zimbabwe are Durban, kikuyu, couch and buffalo lawn. • They prevent soil erosion. • They also provide a comfortable outdoor resting place. Forestry Importance of trees • Trees are important to us and animals. • The Forestry Commission is responsible for taking care of trees in Zimbabwe. • Trees are also important to the environment because: They are a source of fuel in the form of firewood. They are used for making most of the furniture we use. Most medicines come from both exotic and indigenous trees, for example pine trees and gum trees are used for making cough medicines. Trees provide browsing animals like the kudu and giraffe with food. Fruits from both exotic and indigenous fruit trees are a rich source of vitamins Trees give out oxygen which we need for breathing. Trees provide timber that can be used for roofing. • Trees are grouped according to where they come from. • The groups are indigenous and exotic. 1 . Indigenous trees : • These are local trees that have always been grown in their country. Shona name English name Mutohwe Snot apple Mususu Yellow wood Mubvamaropa Blood wood Muuyu Baobab Muonde Fig tree Musasa msasa Characteristics of indigenous trees  take longer to mature  Do not produce straight poles  Grow on their own  Hard wood 2 .Exotic trees : • These are trees that have been brought from another country to be grown in Zimbabwe. Characteristics of exotic trees  They are brought in a country from another country. Grow very fast.  Have soft woods  Usually grow straight  Usually grown in orchards and plantations Common exotic trees in Zimbabwe are: Gum trees Pine trees Wattle Cyprus Date palm Mango Apple pawpaw Causes of plant damage • plant damage is when cultivated crops are kept from normal growth that leads to reduced yields. • plant damage is caused by both living and non living things. • Some of the common causes of crop damage are: (a)Pests • These are living organisms that cause physical damage to crops. • Examples of pests are weevils, army worm, aphids, cutworms and locusts. (b) Diseases • Plant diseases are caused by living organisms called pathogens. • These pathogens infest the plant and take away nutrients. • Fruit rot and bacteria spot are some of the examples of plant diseases. (c) Weeds • these are plant which grow where they are not wanted. • For example if black jack grows in a groundnut field, it is a weed. • Weeds compete for nutrients with cultivated plants. (d) Very high temperatures • High temperatures may cause crops to wither. • High temperatures may also lead to lightning and fires. • This can burn up crops. ( e) Frost • Frost damages crops in winter. • Tomatoes, potatoes, and beans are easily damaged by frost. (f) Drought • drought is when there is no rainfall in a season where it supposed to be raining. • It is one of the most serious forms of crop damage. • Plants wither and die if there is no rainfall. ( g) Animals • Wild animals like baboons often eat maize crops before they mature. • Birds also are a problem to crops like sorghum. Signs of plant damage • There are various signs that show plant damage. • Some can be corrected but some lead to total loss. • Some signs of plant damage include: Lodged plants Flowers and small fruits blown to the ground Dull leaf color Wilted plants Stunted growth

WHAT IS SCIENCE? - is a way in which answers related to NATURAL events are proposed. - a way in which people can learn and UNDERSTAND events in the NATURAL WORLD - based on OBSERVABLE EVENTS - a study of the NATURAL WORLD - a method of DISCOVERY and UNDERSTANDING by using a PROBLEM-SOLVING process called the?? - A systematic body of knowledge based on observation and experimentation. FOUR COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE: 1. It focuses on the NATURAL WORLD. 2. Goes through experiment. 3. Relies on evidence. 4. Passes through the scientific community. WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY? Brian Arthur (2009) defined technology as: 1. a means to fulfill a human purpose 2. assemblage of practices and components 3. a collection of devices and engineering practices available to a culture. SOCIETY ST (Science Technology) would not exist without society. WHAT IS STS? Science and Technology and Society (STS) is the study of how society, politics and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation and how these, in turn affects society, politics and culture. EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY THAT TRANSFORMED THE SOCIETY (IN THE WORLD) ANCIENT PERIOD 3500 BC. - 500 AD EUROPE - use of fire by Homo Erectus CA 750,000 - Stone Headed Spears CA 45,000 - Wooden bow and arrow CA 20,000 - The Minoans build palaces in Crete CA 2,000 THE AMERICAS - The Folsom people living on eastern side of the Rocky Mountain developed sophisticated tools CA 8,000. - Pottery is made in South America CA 6,000 - Olmec sculpture carves figurines and giant human heads. CA 1200 ASIA AND OCEANA - Earliest known clay pots are made in Japan CA 11,000. - Bronze is first made in Thailand CA 4000 - A lunar calendar is developed in China CA 2950 - Chinese doctors begin using acupuncture CA 2500 - The Hindu calendar of 360 days was introduced in India CA 1000 AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST - Homo erectus uses stone tools CA 1000000 - CA 15000 in Africa, bone harpoons are used for fishing. - Clay tokens are used for record keeping in Mesopotamia CA 7500 - Mesopotamian mathematicians discover the Pythagorean Theorem MEDIEVAL PERIOD CA 500 -1500 - Dark ages because few written records and evidences remained - Scholastic tradition was established by Charlemagne - Vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clock, water mills, gothic style were invented - Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press RENAISSANCE PERIOD 14TH – 17TH CENTURY - Rebirth of revival - Printing with movable type allowed Bible, secular books made in large amount - Nicolas Copernicus presented a heliocentric theory - Galileo Galilei invented telescope INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 18TH CENTURY - Skilled workers were set aside because of the machines - Iron production, steam engine and textile flourished - Scottish James Watt improved steam engine Robert Fulton (steam boat) - The following were invented: Light bulb, telephone, first steam powered locomotive 19TH CENTURY - Age of machine and tools - Herman Helmholtz (law of conservation of energy) - James Clark Maxwell (light as electro-magnetic wave) - Henry Becquerel (radioactivity) - Marie and Pierre Curie (radium) - Hans Christian Oersted (electric current near the magnet) - Michael Faraday (magnet produces electricity) - Atomic Theory proposed by John Dalton - Electron discovered by JJ. Thomson - Telegraph developed by Samuel Morse 20TH CENTURY - Communication, transportation, military research were developed - Personal computer was created - Intel developed microprocessor - Apple was introduced by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak - Internet was created (ARPANET) - Henry Ford's mass production of cars - Artificial Intelligence was invented SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (PHILIPPINE HISTORY) Stone Age - Archeological findings show that modern man from Asian mainland first came over land on across narrow channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 B.C. - Subsequently they formed settlement in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan and Cagayan. Inventions - They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and polishing stones around 40,000 B.C. - By around 3,000 B.C. they were producing adzes ornaments of seashells and pottery. Pottery flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain. Soon they learned to produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments. Iron Age - The Iron Age lasted from the third century B.C. to 11th century A.D. During this period Filipinos were engaged in extraction smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the importation of cast iron from Sarawak and later from China. INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES - They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions. - They also learned to build boats for trading purposes. - Spanish chronicles noted refined plank built warships called caracoa suited for interisland trade raids 10TH CENTURY A.D. - Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines. These archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the Philippines, China and Vietnam had been well established from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D. TRADING - The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and tin. SOME PRESPANISH FILIPINO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Curative values of plants extract use as medicine - Alphabet (Alibata) - Counting Methods - Weights - Measuring system (isang gatang) - Calendar based on the periods of moon - Banaue Rice Terraces SPANISH REGIME  Religion the Catholic Church - The latter part of the 16th Century Development of schools: - Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu-1595 - Colegio de San Ignacio-Manila-1595 - Colegio De Nuestra Senora del Rosario-Manila 1597 - Colegio De San Jose-Manila-1601  Colegio De San Ildefonso De Cebu - In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system. In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had granted the degree Of Licenciado En Medicina to 62 graduates.  Medicine - Development of hospitals San Juan Lazaro hospital the oldest in the far east was founded in 1578.  Roads and Bridges Among other Spanish contributions: - Arithmetic - Algebra - Geometry - Trigonometry - Physics - Hydrography - Meteorology - Navigation - Pilotage American Period and Post Commonwealth Era - BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT LABORATORIES (1901) - BUREAU OF SCIENCE (1905) - INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE (1946) RA 2067 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE “SCIENCE ACT OF 1958”. - This was enacted to integrate, coordinate, and intensify scientific and technological research and development and to foster invention including allocation of funds and other purposes. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WAS ESTABLISHED ON DECEMBER 8, 1933. - Its Mandate (Nrcp) Promotes And Supports Fundamental Or Basic Research For The Continuing Total Improvement Of The Research Capability Of Individual Scientists Or Group Of Scientists; Provides Advice On Problems And Issues Of National Interest; Promotes Scientific And Technological Culture To All Sectors Of Society; And Fosters Linkages With Local And International Scientific Organizations For Enhanced Cooperation In The Development And Sharing Of Information NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL WAS ESTABLISHED IN DECEMBER 8, 1933. - Its Mandate (NRCP) promotes and supports fundamental or basic research for the continuing total improvement of the research capability of individual scientists or group of scientists; provides advice on problems and issues of national interest; promotes scientific and technological culture to all sectors of society; and fosters linkages with local and international scientific organizations for enhanced cooperation in the development and sharing of information. It was during the American Period when Science was inclined towards: - Agriculture - Food Processing - Forestry - Medicine - Pharmacy - Nursing

1.1 Hardware and software ,Differences between types of operating systems Advantages and disadvantages of the different types of operating systems,Impact on everyday life including Artificial Intelligence (AI),Characteristics, uses, advantages and disadvantages of storage media including magnetic, optical and solid-state,Including: network interface cards (NIC), hubs, bridges, switches,Local Area Network (LAN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and the differences between these networks,Avoiding password interception by using up to date anti-spyware and regularly changing passwords The differences between strong and weak passwords Other authentication methods Including: zero login, biometric methods, magnetic stripes, smart cards, physical tokens, electronic tokens,Characteristics and uses including newsletters, posters, websites, multimedia presentations, audio, video, media streaming and ePublicationsCharacteristics and effect of threats to data including hacking, phishing, pharming, smishing, vishing, viruses, malware, card fraudLocate stored files Open and import files of different types Save files in a planned hierarchical directory/folder structure Save files using appropriate file names Save and print files in a variety of formats including a document, screenshots, database reports, data tables, graphs/charts, a web page in browser view, a web page in HTML view Use HTML in the content layer Notes and Guidance Create the content layer of a web page

Related quizzes

Related quizzes