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L'organisation d'une réunion
Quiz by Helene Nihouarn
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4 min Quâest-ce que la vente ? Lâhistoire de la vente remonte de trĂšs loin, du temps de la mythologie avec Mercure qui a Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ© comme Ă©tant le dieu du commerce. Ainsi, la pratique existe dĂ©jĂ depuis plus de 6 000 ans. Les premiĂšres techniques de vente ont vu le jour vers 350 avec Aristote. Il faudra attendre plusieurs siĂšcles avant dâarriver Ă la mĂ©thode de vente telle que nous la dĂ©finissons aujourdâhui, avec le client placĂ© au centre du processus. Quelques dĂ©finitions de la vente Dans le cadre dâune vente, un vendeur cĂšde un produit ou un service Ă un acheteur en contrepartie dâune somme dâargent. Ce qui diffĂ©rencie la vente de la notion de troc ou dâĂ©change. Juridiquement parlant, lâarticle 1582 du Code civil dĂ©finit la vente comme Ă©tant « une convention par laquelle lâun sâoblige Ă livrer une chose, et lâautre Ă la payer ». Le contrat de vente peut ĂȘtre Ă©tabli par Ă©crit ou verbalement. Il peut alors sâagir dâune prestation ou dâun bien corporel. Toutefois, certains types de vente doivent suivre une rĂ©glementation particuliĂšre. Notamment la vente de fonds de commerce, la vente Ă crĂ©dit ou encore la vente Ă domicile. En dâautres termes, la vente dĂ©signe lâensemble des mĂ©thodes et des actions effectuĂ©es par un commercial, dont le but est de vendre quelque chose Ă une tierce personne. La vente est ainsi le rĂ©sultat dâun accord ou dâune nĂ©gociation entre le vendeur et lâacheteur. Que peut-on vendre ? La vente ne se limite pas seulement Ă un produit. Il est possible de fournir des services, des prestations, des formations et bien plus encore. Le domaine de la vente est trĂšs vaste. En effet, on peut amener une personne Ă acheter une vision ou un avis politique, la convaincre de choisir un projet plutĂŽt quâun autre et ce ne sont que des exemples parmi tant dâautres. Quelle diffĂ©rence y a-t-il entre la vente et le marketing ? On a tendance Ă confondre ces deux termes. Or, le marketing et la vente dĂ©signent deux disciplines diffĂ©rentes â bien que complĂ©mentaires â et ayant le mĂȘme but. Celui de gĂ©nĂ©rer des revenus pour amĂ©liorer le chiffre dâaffaires dâune entreprise. Ă ce titre, lâun ne va pas sans lâautre. Les activitĂ©s de marketing Le marketing se concentre davantage sur le marchĂ©. Autrement dit, le responsable marketing se focalisera plus sur les besoins des clients et des prospects et sur lâĂ©laboration dâune solution pour rĂ©pondre Ă leurs attentes. Ainsi, il fera en sorte que la vente ait lieu. Pour ce faire, il se chargera du matĂ©riel promotionnel allant des simples brochures Ă lâorganisation de salons. Le marketeur se voit ainsi attribuer deux missions. PremiĂšrement, prĂ©senter une proposition attrayante en se basant sur les besoins des consommateurs qui sont identifiĂ©s Ă lâavance. Et deuxiĂšmement, crĂ©er et entretenir une relation durable et de confiance avec eux. Les activitĂ©s de vente ou « sales » Lâagent marketing attire le client vers un produit ou une marque. Quand cela est fait, câest au vendeur de prendre le flambeau. Ce dernier prend contact avec la clientĂšle dans le but dâune acquisition par celle-ci. Le plus dur dans le travail du commerçant est de transformer les leads ou prospects en vĂ©ritables clients. La vente est la discipline qui conduit le prospect Ă lâacte dâachat. Pour ĂȘtre plus clair, le marketing vise Ă attirer le prospect dans la boutique tandis que la vente lâamĂšne Ă faire des achats pour quâil devienne un client. Quelles sont les diffĂ©rentes formes de vente ? Dans un cadre BtoB ou BtoC, on distingue de nombreuses formes de vente rĂ©gies ou non par une rĂ©glementation spĂ©cifique. Les ventes hors Ă©tablissement AppelĂ©es Ă©galement « contrats hors Ă©tablissement », les ventes hors Ă©tablissement ont lieu lorsque le contrat est rĂ©glĂ© en dehors de lâĂ©tablissement commercial. Le dĂ©marchage Ă domicile et le porte-Ă -porte en font partie. Toutefois, pour Ă©viter les abus qui sont de plus en plus frĂ©quents, des dispositions ont Ă©tĂ© prises pour protĂ©ger le consommateur. La vente en liquidation Ăgalement rĂ©glementĂ©e, la vente en liquidation est effectuĂ©e lorsquâun commerçant doit dĂ©stocker sa marchandise ou Ă©couler un assortiment de biens Ă cause dâune circonstance dĂ©terminĂ©e. Elle ne peut se faire que pendant deux mois tout au plus et doit sâaccompagner dâune publicitĂ© et dâune rĂ©duction de prix, parfois Ă perte. Elle est autorisĂ©e dans le cas oĂč le commerçant souhaiterait suspendre, arrĂȘter ou changer dâactivitĂ©. Les ventes en soldes Tous les semestres, les entreprises sont autorisĂ©es Ă vendre leurs produits Ă un prix trĂšs rĂ©duit. Les pĂ©riodes de soldes sont rĂ©glementĂ©es par le Livre VI du CDE (Code du droit Ă©conomique) affĂ©rent aux pratiques du marchĂ© et Ă la protection du consommateur. Elles se situent du 3 au 31 janvier inclus et du 1er au 31 juillet inclus. Comme pour le cas de la liquidation, il se peut que lâentreprise effectue une vente Ă perte. Le e-commerce ou le commerce Ă©lectronique La vente par Internet ou la vente en ligne est rĂ©gie par une rĂ©glementation relative au contrat et Ă la vente Ă distance. Lâentreprise conclut la vente par lâintermĂ©diaire de rĂ©seaux informatiques et, Ă ce titre, un paiement Ă©lectronique peut ĂȘtre nĂ©cessaire. En tant que commercialisation Ă distance, aucune prĂ©sence physique simultanĂ©e des deux parties nâest indispensable. Les ventes aux enchĂšres ou les ventes publiques Ă la diffĂ©rence des autres formes de vente, lâenchĂšre publique met en place une mĂ©thode de mise en concurrence transparente, car le bien est attribuĂ© au plus offrant. Lâorganisation dâune vente publique est aussi gĂ©rĂ©e par le Livre VI du CDE. Les rĂ©glementations concernant les contrats Ă distance ainsi que la vente hors Ă©tablissement peuvent ainsi ĂȘtre appliquĂ©es. Il existe des locaux spĂ©cialement destinĂ©s pour ce type de vente et seuls des biens usagĂ©s peuvent ĂȘtre mis en vente.
I Suivre les ventes et les livraisons La plupart du temps, les commandes des clients vont dĂ©clencher les rĂšglements. RĂ©ceptionner les commandes et les traiter rigoureusement est donc une activitĂ© essentielle pour la PME. 1. La rĂ©ception de la commande Avant de traiter la commande, il est important quâelle soit vĂ©rifiĂ©e pour optimiser la relation client et Ă©viter les erreurs. Les points de contrĂŽle sont : 2. Le traitement de la commande Les documents Ă gĂ©nĂ©rer sur le PGI sont : 3. Le suivi de la commande Le suivi permet Ă lâentreprise de surveiller la progression de lâensemble des commandes. Lâentreprise peut ainsi crĂ©er un tableau de suivi visuel lui permettant dâanticiper les problĂšmes de livraison. Voici un exemple : 4. Lâorganisation et le suivi des livraisons Livrer, câest mettre Ă la disposition du client les produits commandĂ©s Ă la date prĂ©vue et au lieu convenu. Lâentreprise peut dĂ©cider de livrer elle-mĂȘme out de faire appel Ă un transporteur : âą La prise en charge de la livraison par le fournisseur La PME organise le planning et la tournĂ©e des livreurs en tenant compte des attentes du client, du temps de trajet et du volume Ă livrer. Elle utilise pour chaque Ă©tape le bon de livraison. Un exemplaire est conservĂ© par lâentreprise et un exemplaire sera laissĂ© au client lors de la livraison. âą La prise en charge de la livraison via un transporteur Le suivi de la livraison : Le contrat gĂ©nĂ©ral de vente permet dâanticiper les problĂšmes et de limiter les contestations (retards de livraison). Les frais de transport doivent donc figurer sur le bon de livraison. Trois type de frais existent : âȘ franco de port : âȘ port dĂ» : Certains transporteurs offrent la possibilitĂ© de suivre les expĂ©ditions sur leur site Web. II Facturer, suivre les rĂšglements et les relances clients 1. La facture A chaque Ă©tape du processus de vente, divers documents sont créés. Le dernier document du processus est la facture. Elle indique le paiement Ă faire au client et prouve la vente : facture de doit. Chaque facture portant une date et un numĂ©ro unique, une fois Ă©mise, il nâest donc plus possible de lâannuler ou la modifier .Sâil se passe un Ă©vĂšnement aprĂšs lâĂ©dition, on devra alors Ă©mettre un avoir. Le processus peut se schĂ©matiser ainsi : 2. La prĂ©sentation dâune facture La facture est Ă©tablit en double exemplaire et doit ĂȘtre conservĂ©e pendant 10 ans. Elle rĂ©sulte dâune obligation lĂ©gale et se matĂ©rialise par un enregistrement comptable. Quelques rĂšgles sont Ă respecter : 3. Les Ă©lĂ©ments Ă contrĂŽler sur la facture Il est nĂ©cessaire de vĂ©rifier les mentions obligatoires afin dâĂ©viter les rĂ©clamations clients. Si elle est conforme, elle est envoyĂ©e au client et transmise au service comptabilitĂ© pour lâenregistrement. Les Ă©lĂ©ments Ă vĂ©rifier sont : 4. Les aspects fiscaux liĂ©s aux ventes : le mĂ©canisme de TVA Lâenregistrement des ventes doit se faire dans le respect des rĂšgles fiscales relatives Ă la TVA (taxe sur la valeur ajoutĂ©e) Il existe 4 taux principaux de TVA en France : Certaines activitĂ©s et certains territoires sont exonĂ©rĂ©s de TVA. âą Le taux de TVA intermĂ©diaire de 10 % sâapplique pour les activitĂ©s suivantes : Restauration (pour consommation immĂ©diate) Aide Ă la personne HĂ©bergement et transport Produits agricoles non transformĂ©s et bois de chauffage MĂ©dicaments non remboursĂ©s Travaux et rĂ©paration pour les logements anciens (plus de deux ans) MusĂ©es et zoos âą Le taux de TVA rĂ©duit Ă 5.5 % sâapplique pour les activitĂ©s et produits suivants : Produits alimentaires de premiĂšre nĂ©cessitĂ© Fourniture de chaleur produite Ă partir dâĂ©nergies renouvelables Livres (y compris numĂ©riques) Billetterie de spectacle vivant Restauration pour les cantines scolaire Ăquipements pour personnes handicapĂ©es Travaux dâamĂ©lioration Ă©nergĂ©tique des logements de plus de 2 ans âą Le taux de TVA spĂ©cifique Ă 2,1% sâapplique pour les activitĂ©s suivantes : MĂ©dicaments remboursĂ©s par la SĂ©curitĂ© sociale Publications de presse Billetterie de certains spectacles et cinĂ©mas Animaux vivants de boucherie et de charcuterie vendus Ă des non-assujettis âą Les activitĂ©s suivantes sont exonĂ©rĂ©es de TVA (0%) : PĂȘche en mer Certaines Ćuvres non lucratives Ă caractĂšre social ou philanthropique ActivitĂ©s mĂ©dicales et paramĂ©dicales Enseignement et formation Livraison ou rĂ©cupĂ©ration de dĂ©chets Le principe de la TVA pour les entreprises : Afin de bien rĂ©aliser les Ă©critures comptables, il est important de diffĂ©rencier la TVA dĂ©ductible de la TVA collectĂ©e : Une crĂ©ance client est enregistrĂ©e en dĂ©bit alors que la vente de marchandises de lâentreprise est enregistrĂ©e en crĂ©dit. 5. Les Ă©critures comptables relatives aux ventes Les diffĂ©rents Ă©lĂ©ments dâune facture doivent ĂȘtre enregistrĂ©s dans le journal et dans les comptes de lâentreprise. Si lâentreprise dispose dâun PGI, le devis gĂ©nĂšre automatiquement la commande. La commande gĂ©nĂšre automatiquement le bon de livraison qui gĂ©nĂšre la facture. La facture gĂ©nĂšre automatiquement les Ă©critures comptables au journal. Exemple de visualisation dâĂ©criture comptable sur le PGI : 6. La mise en place dâun suivi efficace des rĂšglements Le suivi des comptes clients permet de connaitre lâĂ©tat des crĂ©ances Ă tout moment. La relance remplit plusieurs objectifs : Les outils les plus utilisĂ©s dans cette dĂ©marche sont lâĂ©chĂ©ancier (il liste les crĂ©ances en attente de rĂšglement avec peu de dĂ©tails) et la balance ĂągĂ©e (elle prĂ©sente les soldes de crĂ©ances de maniĂšre plus visuelle avec une ligne par client). Exemples : EchĂ©ancier Balance ĂągĂ©e Lâentreprise peut Ă©galement pointer les crĂ©ances afin de faire ressortir les crĂ©ances impayĂ©es (lettrage des comptes). Enfin, compte tenu des enjeux pour les entreprises dâobtenir les rĂšglements dans des dĂ©lais raisonnables, elles mettent en place un vĂ©ritable processus de relance qui doit respecter les Ă©tapes suivantes : AprĂšs avoir pris connaissance du processus de relance, il devient nĂ©cessaire de crĂ©er un tableau de relance des impayĂ©s pour relancer les clients efficacement. Exemple : Tableau de relances des impayĂ©s : Enfin, il faudra relancer les clients par tĂ©lĂ©phone, mail ou courrier pour obtenir les sommes dues via des relances automatisĂ©es. Exemple de mise en demeure automatisĂ©e envoyĂ©e en recommandĂ© :
Voici le vocabulaire essentiel extrait des 4 leçons, organisĂ© par thĂ©matique pour faciliter votre rĂ©vision. ### đ Leçon 1 : IdentitĂ© NumĂ©rique & SĂ©curitĂ© Cette leçon porte sur la protection de votre accĂšs et la distinction entre vie privĂ©e et vie scolaire. * **IdentitĂ© NumĂ©rique Scolaire :** Votre "passeport" pour l'Ă©cole. L'identifiant est au format `prenom.nom@studentfr.ch`. * **Session Locale vs Web Personnel :** La distinction importante entre l'environnement de l'Ă©cole (scolaire) et votre navigation privĂ©e Ă la maison. * **MFA (Double Authentification) :** Le "verrou supplĂ©mentaire". SystĂšme de sĂ©curitĂ© qui demande deux preuves d'identitĂ© (le mot de passe + une validation sur tĂ©lĂ©phone). * **Microsoft Authenticator :** L'application mobile requise pour valider votre identitĂ© via la double authentification. * **Mot de passe fort :** Un code d'accĂšs qui respecte 4 rĂšgles (8 caractĂšres min., 1 majuscule, 1 chiffre, 1 symbole). --- ### đŹ Leçon 2 : Teams (Communication) Le vocabulaire ici concerne la navigation dans votre "salle de classe virtuelle". * **Ăquipes :** ReprĂ©sente une classe virtuelle ou une matiĂšre (ex: "EPAI-Bureautique"). * **Canal "GĂ©nĂ©ral" :** Le tableau d'affichage officiel oĂč le professeur publie les annonces importantes pour toute la classe. * **Canal (Public) :** Espace de discussion visible par toute la classe. * **Conversation (PrivĂ©) :** Messages directs visibles uniquement par les participants (comme un SMS/chat). * **Onglet "Fichiers" :** La bibliothĂšque de la classe oĂč sont rangĂ©s les documents de cours (PDF, supports). --- ### đ Leçon 3 : Rangement NumĂ©rique Les termes techniques pour organiser efficacement vos documents sur un ordinateur. * **Arborescence :** La structure d'organisation des dossiers, visualisĂ©e comme les branches d'un arbre. * **Racine :** Le dossier principal qui contient tous les autres (le point de dĂ©part, ex: `2025_PRENOM_NOM`). * **Sous-dossiers :** Dossiers créés Ă l'intĂ©rieur de la racine (ex: "01_Administratif", "02_Cours"). * **CaractĂšres interdits :** Symboles qu'il ne faut jamais utiliser pour nommer un fichier (ex: `/ \ : * ? " < > |`). * **Cycle de vie d'un fichier :** Les 3 Ă©tapes Ă maĂźtriser : CrĂ©er â Nommer â Enregistrer. --- ### âïž Leçon 4 : Cloud, Partage & IA Comprendre le stockage moderne et les nouveaux outils d'assistance. * **Cloud (Nuage) / OneDrive :** Espace de stockage en ligne ("clĂ© USB invisible"). Accessible partout avec internet, contrairement au Disque Dur Local. * **Disque Dur Local (C:) :** Stockage physique sur l'ordinateur. Les donnĂ©es ne sont accessibles que sur cet appareil prĂ©cis. * **Partage de lien :** MĂ©thode moderne d'envoi de fichier (plus lĂ©ger et sĂ»r qu'une piĂšce jointe) permettant de travailler sur une version unique du document. * **IA (Intelligence Artificielle) :** Outil assistant (comme ChatGPT ou Gemini) qui rĂ©pond Ă des instructions. * **Prompt :** L'instruction ou la question prĂ©cise que l'on donne Ă une IA pour obtenir une rĂ©ponse.
Farhat Hached était un leader syndical et activiste tunisien né le 2 février 1914 à El Abassia et assassiné le 5 décembre 1952 prÚs de RadÚs. Il a joué un rÎle majeur dans le mouvement ouvrier et national tunisien. Farhat Hached a fondé l'Union générale tunisienne du travail (UGTT) en 1946, qui est devenue le principal syndicat du pays. Il a lutté contre le colonialisme français et pour l'indépendance de la Tunisie. Les événements marquants du parcours de Farhat Hached sont les suivants : Fondation de l'Union Générale Tunisienne du Travail (UGTT) en 1946 : Farhat Hached a créé cette organisation pour structurer une société civile qui soit partie prenante de la vie politique en Tunisie. Lutte contre le colonialisme français : Hached a joué un rÎle majeur dans la lutte pour l'indépendance de la Tunisie et contre le colonialisme français. Assassinat et réactions : Farhat Hached a été assassiné par l'organisation terroriste française La Main Rouge le 5 décembre 1952. Son assassinat a provoqué une grande indignation en Tunisie et a renforcé le mouvement indépendantiste. Commémoration de son assassinat : En 2002, à l'occasion du cinquantenaire de son assassinat, un nouveau mausolée a été construit pour recevoir sa dépouille. Hommage posthume : AprÚs la révolution de 2011, une place par la Ville de Paris a été dédiée Farhat Hached. Héritage et influence : Le legs de Farhat Hached dépasse son action syndicale et il est considéré comme un symbole de la résistance et de la lutte pour l'indépendance. Aujourd'hui, il est toujours vénéré en tant que héros de l'indépendance et du mouvement ouvrier tunisien. Son héritage est célébré à travers des institutions telles que l'Institut Farhat Hached pour la formation syndicale et l'éducation ouvriÚre, et la Fondation Farhat Hached, qui rassemble des milliers de documents relatifs à sa vie et à son combat.
Abstract The main focus of this research is to discuss the perspective of the teamwork and its impaction organizational performance and success. Also highlight the Meanings of Team and its work sprit towards batter organizational performance and specific to its impact on the success of organization that provided the basis for this research study. In this research study a thoroughly focus was on organization and teamwork. The aim of this research is to deliver a participative view of teamwork in the organization, and also discourses the major issues and emphases on the recent work that opens the basis to move research onward. There is much worth in taking a more focus on the essential areas of teamwork. The team signifies the spirit and working capacity of the employees as team to bring organization to the success. The various explanations, definitions, processes, dimensions, team size and benefits etc. regarding the above topic teamwork and organizational success is highlighted. Keywords: Teamwork, Success, Organization, Performance, Work Groups, Employees Introduction It is indeed human beings have learned in their beginning of life to work together as (Team) that have made such a remarkable developments as unique specie. Human beings have experience throughout their social history, lived, loved, grow younger to older and worked together in groups said West M.A. (2012).The mutual social knowledge of living and functioning together creates connection among people, society and families. When work is done cooperatively as a team it can achieve extremely extra work than individually. Team can be defined as in the human society to live, to work and to play and to cooperate with others for particular task. According to John W. Newstrom et al (1993) âteam is the process of assessing performance of workers, passing information and exploring methods to increase performanceâ. If observe closely, one can discover the instances of The Government: Research Journal of Political Science Supplementary Edition Vol. III 88 The Government social (teams) they are functioning either effectively or ineffectively everywhere; organizations, schools, work place, home etc. âCoordinating the events of people is like sand house, making by using a sole particles of sandâ expressed Belbin, R. M.(2010). Moreover it is one of the general myths that the skill of team member is more important than their vigor, attention and determination for the tasks. Another widespread myth is that the team members are not alone accountable for the achievements or failures of their tasks the truth is that the members are the small parts in the teams and their individual abilities effect on the various results in team. The working relationships exist among team that might sight these relationships at different levels of involvement or relationships among the members as they move towards the degree of communication, integration and commitment increases. Terry L.G. et al (1980) expressed that âThe skills are essential if members have to work together efficiently in complex situations, only development of skills and relationships, involvement on the task regarding the particular task might be selected for reaching at target that is considered as a definition of a teamâ. Team often perform higher when they work together with sprit that enable them to achieve a collective goal at the workplace, it is not only benefits to the organization also affects the workers confidence and success. Cooperating on various tasks reduces workloads for all team members and enables them to share duties or ideas. Work as a team is the part of everyone's life, as one is a member of a family team, staff team, school team, and community teams etc., so as to understand how to work effectively as a team member. Especially there is a need when task is threatened with increasingly many problems for example; the energy problem has effects on organization, family life, and social development and the multi-dimensional nature of many problems require a scientific skill based problem solving approach. Terry L.G, et al (1980) expressed that âThe skills, competencies and efforts of team by setting priorities the team can have better impact on the problems solving such efforts can reduce work load, work duplication, and produce a result better than separate effortsâ. There are some processes of teamwork by adopting those the objectives can be achieved easily. Le Pine, et al, (2008) identified10 teamwork processes that fall in three categories following are those. TEAMWORK PROCESSES TRANSITION PROCESSES âąMission analysis âąGoal specification âąStrategy formulation ACTION PROCESSES âąMonitoring progress toward goals âąSystems monitoring âąTeam monitoring and backup behavior âąCoordination INTERPERSONAL PROCESSES âąConflict management âąMotivation and confidence building âąAffect management Team Work 89 Teamwork process reduces the work stress on every member which permits members to complete given important task of organization; teamwork offers members an opening to pledge with each other. Also it develops relations between the members who start a teamwork they usually sense appreciated on productive accomplishment of task. It may be cited one of the best instances of surgical team; where surgeon is assisted by his team; nurses, anesthetist and experts etc., everyone knows that their success depends upon the teamwork. In addition they are devoted to the aim that is human life it is easy to succeed with best teamwork. The important role of manager is the team building, trust building, confidence building, in the team to achieve the task. In the Situation where all team members contribute the task, it develops the positive relationship in the team that improves the trust of team members.âFunctions effectively members of team must be flexible, committed, trusting each other and help to each otherâs in the progress and the achievement of goalsâ Expressed PlamĂnek (2008). The accountability of every member in the team must be increased so that they do not let each other down therefore they do their best for the achievements of their teams. In contrast, working alone on a task the pressure is generally high in team in those cases of small confidence impacts fewer on members. Team consists on members who always vary from each otherâs in skills, knowledge and abilities but working together that is an opportunity for them to gain skills and knowledge from each otherâs that they had never before. Working alone on a task is a challenge and using the ideas of each other brings them to come up with a mutual resolution and the achievement of the task. Nowadays theoretical development and research has rested largely a new trend that is emerging within the organizations as an essential process of teamwork. Teamwork has brought a new move in the research and development to the inputs and outputs that bound, constrain and impact on the team processes within organizations said Ilgen, D.R. (1999). The world is changes fast, any one set of instructions canât be sufficient, changes needs flexible members, teams and organizations so as to be effective on task. This paper suggests that in teams members must use the exclusive human abilities. Cannon B.et al (1995) has prĂ©cised dimensions of teams into three categories: Team dimensions 1-Cognitions: include associations, task team-mate characteristics, team mission, objectives, norms, and resources, team role interaction patterns, skills, roles, and team orientation. 2-Skills: consist on adaptability, shared situational awareness and mutual concept to conflict resolution. 90 The Government 3-Attitudes: symbolize motivation, collective potency, shared vision, team cohesion, mutual trust, collective orientation and importance of. Teamsize Researchers have given different approvals about the best size of team as Katzenbachetet al (1993) suggested that the teams should comprise on a dozen or so members which are enough to achieve a task. Although seven is the best size of the team in the organizational practices said Scharf, A. (1989). Several views of researchers are expressed in the literatures and it is difficult to decide which better is because their opinions are based on their own observations. The team size matters in the proper output and performance however from an empirical research it is also difficult to decide the suitable team size and what to accept. This study suggests that team size has a practical link with efficacy such as few or many member shave impact on the performance but size matters. Proper size of team improves the performance maximum stated Campion M. A et al (1996).These different results are expected due to the fact that appropriate team size is required for task, environment and situation where team works. However, larger teams can also experience coordination problems that delay performance. Sheppard, J. A. (1993) expressed that the question of best teamâs size is a complex one; more research is required on this topic to explain the impact of team size on given definite task. Literature Review Across many different organizations and industries teamwork is focused to increase the performance of employeesâ their unity and also create work culture. Organizations those regularly develop new ideas or products using a project-based approach and assemble teams in order to focus responsibilities to achieve the object. Researchers have given dissimilar meanings of âteamsâ. Dyer W.G. (2007) said that âteams are groups of people who trust in cooperation, if members are expert the success of goal is more possibleâ. It is essential due to the problemsolving cooperation added from many minds of team members working on a resolution of problems. Team members contribute their thoughts together to make exclusive plans for dealing with problems and this unity enhance the result due to interaction, trust and teamwork. Teamwork means a "work done by several companions with each doing a part but all subordinating personal prominence to the efficiency of the whole" Merriam, (2012). In addition combined employees are expected less hostile to each other and accepting more of each otherâs decisions. Unity of employees can increase the flow of work in organization. When employeeâs working together as a team, they learn from each other that awareness is based on their personal experiences and from coworkers; Team Work 91 employees from different departments may acquire knowledge from each other. The main object for organizations is to hold the team effort to achieve output and quality; team is a key to achieve quality productivity. According to Maddux et al (2003) âsome of the organizations have major benefits from the use of teamwork which are showed in the following chart: Benefits of Teamwork 1 Improving quality of work life for employees 2 Reducing absenteeism and increasing turnover 3 Increasing innovation and change 4 Improving organizational adaptability and flexibility A real team is mostly one where members are allowed to take decisions that how to complete task. That authority enables them to control the work process, decreases the outside control and increases the sense of duty for work. Team always feels superiority on workplace and they rely on each otherâs being there. PlamĂnek (2008) said that âaffiliation with teamwork gives member a sense of belonging, interaction and recognition of successâ. These actions support to remove the sense of loneliness of team member in organization. Effective teams can also improve efficacy through communication and trust between the team members, quality of work and decrease in absenteeism contribute to positive impact on team. Involving employees in teamwork helps the organization remain open to new ideas.âThe world of organizations is shifting individualism is out and collectivism is in, power is out, empowerment is in.â stated G. M. Parker (1998). This study discovers the experiences and difficulties of teamwork that employees and organizations are facing nowadays due to big transformation and enlarged globalization. In recent years a remarkable amendment has been emerged in the belief of team working organizations. The modern study has explored that the scope of teamwork have been appeared in system rooted in belief, and employees accept changes that denoting a modern organizational system. The organizations which are responsive to the changes appear to achieve greater satisfaction. Although it may be suggested that, the managers should assess the values and beliefs of their employees to play more dedicated role in the development of organization by making sprit to face the modern challenges. Organizational cultural is much significant and it has the excessive impact on the performance of organization and employeesâ but it is quiet arguable topic that the culture of teamwork can be developed according to the requirement. It is difficult to specify the relationships and to assess the reliable set of values to use as they believed symbol across the entire organizations. This review study focus that 92 The Government there is a great influence of organizational culture on the assumptions, values, and beliefs on the individualsâ considerations, actions and performances and so is vice versa, through learning, and training process. However the researchers believe that the organizational setup aids to unite employees of diverse cultures and dissimilar social backgrounds, traditions and have their own beliefs to work. Creating a positive teamwork culture it has several diverse aspects are goal setting, conflict resolution, empowerment, ability to accomplish tasks, measuring output and consideration for other teamwork cultures stated Pack L, et al April 27, (2012). Team work in the organization delivers employees the wisdom of unity; understand to each otherâs, and reducing conflict. In addition teamwork in organization inspires employee for impartiality by affirming that no one is ignored in the organization and all treated equally. It is known that a team in organization is bound and sincere to work with dedication to bring the success. If the employees are committed and recognize the teamwork values and its benefits, as a part of the organization they can contribute a lot to the achievement of organization. One can finds the informal instances of team at these level, family, society, community, tribe and work groups etc., and formally team appears at the level of departments, functional groups, and other organizational units. The employees feel a greater sense of achievement for being a part of an organization, if they attain team work, having freedom to work not forced. The system gives best performance to achieve recognition and credit from their managers and it will increase their effort that helps them to contribute the organizational performance. Each team batter knows about their role and how to achieve tasks. The true spirit of teamwork gives benefit to organization in maintaining its standard by which it becomes identified. The team defines its specialty, and the way it is doing task that is perceived by the organization as well as its managers and it is secured by appreciation. Employees identify what they believe; that exist in their belief system and those understandings call them to change their views to develop and raise attention towards batter performance. The literature contains sufficient definitions of teamwork and the word team is used to denote a set of generally developed as to learn collective values, attitudes and cooperation to work. The study praises that the teamwork is mostly related with the team success for instance, Wagner (1995) described that âin the team individual is less valued and group is more valued, withâ. It is found in the study that individualismcollectivism both regulates the relationships between team size, standing, and cooperation that have better effects on the cooperation of individualists rather than the cooperation of collectivists. Team Work 93 Conclusion The main concentration of this research paper is to examine more in-depth the fundamental of teamwork and its effectiveness to achieve the organizational goals. Teamwork provides vast amounts of knowledge and information, cultural differences each of these building a culture of teamwork and the skill to make the valuable solutions of the problems. To work efficiently, team members need a good understanding of how to do their job, to achieve goal and for that a basic way to ensure understanding is training, then they have to be motivated to do a job. Team is a vital activity of organization, when organization desires to perform sound it has to be confident that team functions effectively. Consequently it is compulsory to know how team performs, what manners within a team happen, and how they make decisions. If there is knowhow of teamwork events, it can be effective for the tasks that they have to accomplish. Organizations build up their own culture through tradition, history and structure these values can be accepted by team workers of an organization. The values and assumptions are the vital tools of organizations and are used as guidance for team. These have to do mostly with the basic dignity and worth of all members of team and the ability, necessity for them to solve the problems and work for the positive change. Through this review study is concluded that there is a good impact of teamwork on the organizations doings and success. Subsequently in recently developed literature there is a great focus amongst the social scientists and scholarsâ in their discussion on the above topic teamwork. The above study is also an evidence of little effort to assess the significance of teamwork in organizations success. teams in organiz
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