M1 Hand, sacral plexus, gluteal region, thigh, leg, foot formative review

A 16-year-old patient has weakness flexing the metacarpophalangeal joint of the ring

finger and is unable to adduct the same finger. Which of the following muscles is most likely

paralyzed?

A 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because of sudden severe pain over the base of the terminal phalanx of the index finger. Two days ago, she was making a bed in a hotel and caught the end of the index finger in a fold as she straightened the sheet. Physical examination shows the right index finger is swollen and she is unable to completely extend the DIP joint. Which one of the following structures within the digit was most likely injured? 

A 15-year-old girl was brought to the emergency department after a severe bite by a dog on the dorsolateral aspect of her right hand. She has increasingly severe pain and swelling of her right hand. Physical examination shows symmetric enlargement of the first digit with severe pain on passive extension. An x-ray of the hand shows no abnormalities. The injured tendons in this compartment would include which of the following muscles? 

A 60-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after he accidentally slashed his left wrist with his butcher’s knife. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows loss of sensation on the medial 1½ digits and decreased grip strength of the left hand. An x-ray of the wrist shows no other abnormalities. Which of the following actions would most likely be lost as a result of this injury?

A 67-year-old man comes to the office because of a 6-month history of progressively worsening pain in his hands associated with a gradual loss of function which is more prominent while he is painting. Physical examination of the hands shows flexion of the MCP joints, extension of the PIP joints, and slight flexion of the DIP joints. What is the most likely diagnosis?

 A 72-year-old man comes to the physician because of an abnormal thickening of the skin at the base of his ring fingers over the past year. He has no pain in his hand but has a gradual decrease in the range of motion of his fingers. Physical examination of both hands shows localized and firm ridges in the palmar skin that extend to the base of the ring finger. He is unable to fully flex and extend the ring fingers. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 30-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after he was involved in a motor vehicle collision with his right hip caught beneath the motorcycle at the scene. Physical examination shows a deep laceration of the upper part of the right hip. A few days after stabilization and treatment, the patient is asked to walk, and he exhibits a waddling gait and the inability to perform abduction and medial rotation of the right thigh. The patient is most likely to show which of the following?

A 68-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after she fell from a bicycle and landed hard on the lateral aspect of the left pelvis and thigh. Physical examination shows lateral rotation of the left leg with some shortening in the supine position. An x-ray of her thigh and pelvis show an intracapsular fracture of the neck of the left femur. A total hip arthroplasty is performed. An initial division of the overlying superficial tissues and gluteal musculature is performed, and the procedure continues to reach the neck of the femur. Which of the following muscles is considered as a landmark in surgical exploration of this area?

A 75-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after falling in her bathroom. The patient says that she was not able to bear weight on the affected lower limb after the incident. Physical examination shows an externally rotated left leg, and the left lower limb appears to be shorter than the right lower limb. A series of plain x-rays of the hip show an extracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. Which artery is most likely at risk for injury?

A 32-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination of his mental disorder. The patient agrees to start an antipsychotic medication and receives an intramuscular injection to his gluteal region. A week later, he comes back to the physician because he has difficulty rising to a standing position from a seated position. Which nerve is most likely affected by the injection?