A 17-year-old boy suffers a traumatic groin injury during a soccer match. The urologist

notices tenderness and swelling of the boy’s left testicle that may be produced by thrombosis in which of the following veins?

A 59-year-old woman comes to a local hospital for uterine cancer surgery. As the uterine

artery passes from the internal iliac artery to the uterus, it crosses anterior to which of the following structures that is sometimes mistakenly ligated during such surgery?

Blood from an injured kidney will seep through the perirenal fat until it contacts the internal surface of the renal (Gerota’s fascia). Without perforating this fascia the blood could then continue to pass in what direction?

A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of an inability to control his urinary bladder, despite being toilet trained at the age of 5. Five months ago, he was treated for a urinary tract infection. Ultrasonography of the abdomen shows a mild dilatation of the left pelvicalyceal system. Diagnostic cystoscopy shows a ureteral orifice inserting directly into the urethra. A diagnosis of ectopic ureter is made. An ureteroureterostomy is performed to correct the defect. Which of the following landmarks is used to identify the position of the left ureter during the procedure?

A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of blood in his urine. He also has a persistent feeling of generalized tiredness and 2.2 kg (5 lb) weight loss. Urine analysis shows the presence of red blood cells. A CT scan of the abdomen shows the presence of a renal mass extending into the left renal vein. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with this disease?

A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of dysuria, nocturia, and urgency. An MRI of the pelvis shows an enlarged prostate and a needle biopsy shows a prostate malignancy. Subsequently, he undergoes a radical prostatectomy. Postoperatively, he has urinary incontinence secondary to paralysis of the external urethral sphincter. Which of the following nerves was most likely injured during the operation?

A 26-year-old woman comes to the physician because of burning upon urination for the past 3 days. She recently returned from her honeymoon. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. A urine dipstick shows leukocytosis and the presence of nitrites. A diagnosis of urinary tract infection is made. Which of the following is the best anatomical explanation for the fact that women are more susceptible than men to these kinds of infections?