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Manifestaciones en los niños BULLYING
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Elabora una pregunta basada en el cuadro de La Mona Lisa, de Davinci. Los estudiantes tienen que Describe y analiza los elementos del arte que identifica en el entorno y en manifestaciones artístico-culturales. Elabora 4 alternativas de respuesta, una es la respuesta correcta.Manejo farmacológico de las manifestaciones de ansiedad en odontologíaSich beschweren über + Akk
sauber
schmutzig
furchtbar
die Brücke,
die Mauer,
die Kneipe,
die Umfrage, sich setzen
sich erinnern an + akk
geschlossen
die Reise, n viaggio
die Tour (-en) / die Rundfahrt (-en) tour
europäisch europeo/a, europee
der Rucksack, die Rucksäcke zaino
das Ziel
per Anhalter
Die Sonne scheint
das Klima
ausgeben
die Reinigung
der Bio-Garten orto biologico
das Bankkonto, -konten conto bancario
gewinnen, gewann, hat gewonnen vincere
der Gewinner, - vincitore
der Helfer l'aiutante
pünktlich puntuale
zu spät troppo tardi
Da bist du ja endlich! finalmente sei arrivato!
leider purtroppo
verschieben, verschob, hat verschoben spostare, rimandare
das Gespräch conversazione
sich entschuldigen scusarsi
die Viertelstunde il quarto d'ora
vorschlagen (ä), schlug vor, hat vorgeschlagen proporre
Was schlägst du vor? Cosa proponi?
stattfinden, fand statt, hat stattgefunden
die Veranstaltung, -en evento, manifestazione
beruflich professionale
sehr geehrte(r) Herr / Frau Gent-ma Sig.ra (formale)
Mit freundlichen Grüßen cordiali saluti
die Projektleiterin, -nen project manager
halten, hält, hielt, hat gehalten fermarsi, tenere
nennen, nannte, hat genannt nominare
das Sushi, die Sushis sushi
einschlafen (ä), schlief ein, ist eingeschlafen addormentarsi
der Liebesfilm film romantico
der Thriller thriller
die Komödie commedia
die Geschichte, n storia
das Open-Air-Kino cinema all'aperto
zuletzt infine
mehrmals più volte
während durante, mentre
die Sendung, -en trasmissione
romantisch romantico/a
komisch strano, comico
aufregend, spannend emozionante
fantasisch fantastico
witzig spiritoso
sich interessieren für + A interessarsi a
sich informieren über + A informarsi di
verschieden diverso, differente
der Jugendliche, -n il giovane
der Erwachsene, -n l'adulto
das Gefühl sentimento
das Liebespaar la coppia
die Liebe l'amore
das Glück fortuna
die beiden entrambi
denken, dachte, hat gedacht (an+A) pensare
sich verlieben sich in + Akk )
Er hat sich in sie verliebt. innamorarsi
verliebt sein in + Akk
Ich bin in dich verliebt. essere innamorato/a di qualcuno
sich fühlen sentirsi
die Freundschaft l'amicizia
sich freuen rallegrarsi
streiten, stritt, hat gestritten litigare
sich ärgern über + A arrabbiarsi per
hassen odiare
weinen piangere
die Angst, die Ängste paura
stark forte
schwach debole
erst einmal per adesso
präsentieren presentare
reich ricco
arm povero
das ist mir egal. E' lo steso / non fa niente
wahrscheinlich probabilmenteManifestaciones artisticasManifestaciones del Discurso OralMANIFESTACIONES CULTURALES DEL PERÚLes manifestationsOral Manifestations of Viral Infections Viral infections can lead to a variety of oral manifestations, which may vary depending on the type of virus involved. Below are the key viral infections and their associated oral symptoms. --- 1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infections Type: HSV-1 and HSV-2 Common Oral Manifestations: Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis: In children, presents as painful swelling and redness of the gums, with vesicular lesions on the lips, tongue, and hard palate. Recurrent Herpes Simplex: Cold sores (herpes labialis) often appear on the lips or around the mouth, and are painful and fluid-filled. Herpetic Whitlow: Infection of the fingers, often seen in healthcare workers. Clinical Features: Vesicular lesions that break to form ulcers Painful and burning sensations in affected areas Swollen lymph nodes Fever (during primary infection) Diagnosis: Direct immunofluorescence, PCR, or viral culture. --- 2. Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Infections Type: Varicella (chickenpox) and Herpes Zoster (shingles) Common Oral Manifestations: Varicella: Enanthem (oral lesions) such as vesicular lesions on the hard palate, tongue, and lips, in conjunction with the characteristic skin rash. Herpes Zoster (Shingles): Unilateral painful oral lesions, often involving the hard and soft palate, and can extend to the tongue or buccal mucosa along the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Clinical Features: Vesicular lesions that ulcerate Pain and discomfort in affected areas Fever, malaise, and headache (for chickenpox) Diagnosis: PCR, direct fluorescence antibody test, and clinical signs. --- 3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections Type: Multiple strains, including HPV types 16 and 18 Common Oral Manifestations: Oral Warts: Benign, non-painful growths typically found on the lips, palate, tongue, and floor of the mouth. Condyloma Acuminatum: Wart-like lesions in the mouth, often associated with genital HPV. Oropharyngeal Cancer: Certain high-risk HPV strains (e.g., HPV-16) are linked to cancers of the oropharynx, including tonsils and base of tongue. Clinical Features: Raised, fleshy, or cauliflower-like growths Rarely associated with pain or discomfort Diagnosis: Biopsy and PCR testing for HPV. --- 4. Coxsackievirus Infections Type: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Common Oral Manifestations: Oral Ulcers: Painful, shallow ulcers typically seen on the soft palate, tonsils, tongue, and buccal mucosa. Vesicular Lesions: Small vesicles that ulcerate to form painful sores. Clinical Features: Red spots or vesicles that turn into ulcers Fever, sore throat, and malaise Rash and lesions on hands and feet Diagnosis: Clinical presentation and PCR. --- 5. Measles (Rubeola) Type: Paramyxovirus Common Oral Manifestations: Koplik Spots: Small, white or bluish-white spots seen on the buccal mucosa opposite the molars before the rash appears. Generalized Oral Ulceration: Following the appearance of Koplik spots, mucosal lesions may develop. Clinical Features: High fever, cough, and rash (starts on the face and spreads) Conjunctivitis Koplik spots as early indicators Diagnosis: Clinical signs and serology for measles antibodies. --- 6. HIV/AIDS Type: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Common Oral Manifestations: Oral Candidiasis: Fungal overgrowth in the mouth due to immunosuppression. Kaposi's Sarcoma: A form of cancer that appears as purple or brown lesions in the mouth, especially in the palate or gingiva. Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: White, hairy lesions on the lateral borders of the tongue, often associated with Epstein-Barr virus. Herpes Simplex and Zoster: Recurrent infections in the oral cavity. Clinical Features: Candidiasis: White plaques that can be scraped off Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Purple, macular lesions Hairy Leukoplakia: White, corrugated patches on the tongue Recurrent infections and oral ulcers Diagnosis: HIV testing, biopsy for Kaposi's sarcoma, and culture for candidiasis. --- 7. Influenza Virus Type: Influenza A and B Common Oral Manifestations: Pharyngitis: Sore throat and erythema of the oropharyngeal mucosa. Dry Mouth: Often secondary to fever and dehydration. Mucosal Erosions: Rare, but may occur in severe cases. Clinical Features: Fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, and headache Red or swollen tonsils and oral mucosa Diagnosis: Rapid influenza tests and PCR. --- 8. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Type: Epstein-Barr virus Common Oral Manifestations: Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: White, asymptomatic, corrugated patches on the lateral borders of the tongue. Pharyngitis: Sore throat with swelling of tonsils. Oral Ulcers: Occasionally seen in association with infectious mononucleosis. Clinical Features: Fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes (mononucleosis) Fatigue and malaise Diagnosis: EBV serology and PCR. --- 9. Rabies Virus Type: Rabies virus Common Oral Manifestations: Hydrophobia: Difficulty swallowing and fear of water. Increased Salivation: Resulting from dysfunction in the throat and jaw muscles. Clinical Features: Progressive neurological symptoms Paroxysms of pain or spasms in the throat and mouth Diagnosis: Clinical signs, rabies testing (saliva, CSF, or tissue biopsy). --- 10. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Common Oral Manifestations: Oral Candidiasis: White, creamy lesions in the mouth, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Purple or red lesions on the palate and gingiva. Herpes Simplex: Recurrent oral lesions. Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: A condition linked with Epstein-Barr virus, presenting as white patches on the lateral borders of the tongue. --- Conclusion Oral manifestations of viral infections are varied and can provide valuable clues for diagnosing systemic viral diseases. Clinicians must consider the specific features and patterns of lesions in combination with other clinical signs for an accurate diagnosis. Some infections may also have long-term oral health implications, requiring management and prevention strategies.