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May 24, 2022: Exam Review for 3A and 3B
Quiz by Joanna Sayblack
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COMPANY ENGLISH: *AR (DE) - Group 2 - Vocabulary Trainers (24 May 2022)May 24News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Show more Books Music TV & radio Art & design Film Games Classical Stage âHollywood doesnât do very much of that business, they have the nice sign, and everythingâs good, but they donât do very much,â said Trump. View image in fullscreen âHollywood doesnât do very much of that business, they have the nice sign, and everythingâs good, but they donât do very much,â said Trump. Photograph: Lucy Nicholson/Reuters Film âIâm not trying to hurt the industryâ: Trump softens tone on movie tariffs California governor Gavin Newsom announces a $7.5bn tax incentive scheme as Trumpâs announcement of 100% tariffs on films âproduced in foreign landsâ is mocked by Jimmy Kimmel and Fallon Andrew Pulver Tue 6 May 2025 11.24 BST Share Donald Trump appears to be softening his tone after widespread dismay in Hollywood and further afield at his bombshell announcement of 100% tariffs on films âproduced in foreign landsâ, saying he was ânot looking to hurt the industryâ. In remarks reported by CNBC, Trump said he was planning to discuss the plan with film industry leaders. âIâm not looking to hurt the industry, I want to help the industry.â He added: âSo weâre going to meet with the industry. I want to make sure theyâre happy with it because weâre all about jobs.â Trump also took aim again at California state governor Gavin Newsom, saying the film industry âhas been decimated by other countries taking them out, and also by incompetence, like in Los Angeles, the governor [Gavin Newsom] is a grossly incompetent man, heâs just allowed it to be taken away fromâ. Trump added: âHollywood doesnât do very much of that business, they have the nice sign, and everythingâs good, but they donât do very much.â Trumpâs talk of film tariffs makes no sense, but itâs already doing damage â to Hollywood Peter Bradshaw Peter Bradshaw Read more Newsom responded with a statement saying: âGovernor Newsom continues to champion Californiaâs iconic film and television industry â recognising it as a cornerstone of the stateâs economy, one that sustains hundreds of thousands of good-paying jobs across every sector around the state.â âHis plan to more than double the stateâs film and television tax credit reflects a commitment to keeping production here at home, supporting workers and maintaining Californiaâs global leadership in entertainment. If the President announces a proposal with more details, we will review it.â Newsom had earlier responded to Trumpâs announcement by proposing a $7.5bn federal tax incentive scheme, saying in a statement to Variety: âBuilding on our successful state program, weâre eager to partner with the Trump administration to further strengthen domestic production.â Tax incentive schemes in the US currently operate on a state-by-state basis, and Newsom had announced a plan in April to boost Californiaâs to $750m. California senator Adam Schiff also condemned Trumpâs tariff proposal while backing calls for a federal tax credit scheme, saying in a statement: âBlanket tariffs on all films would have unintended and potentially damaging impacts, [but] we have an opportunity to work together to pass a major federal film tax credit to re-shore American jobs in the industry.â Late night TV hosts Jimmy Kimmel and Jimmy Fallon also joined the chorus of dismay and bafflement at Trumpâs plan. Commenting that Trump was ânow aiming his wrecking ball at Hollywoodâ, Kimmel questioned whether foreign-made movies were a ânational security threatâ as Trump claimed. âI donât care where theyâre made. I really donât. I guess itâs what the late, great Hannibal Lecter wouldâve wanted. Sonic, the illegal immigrant hedgehog, is a national security threat and he must be stopped!â Kimmel also mocked actor Jon Voightâs role in Trumpâs thinking, saying: âThis is where he reportedly got the tariff movies idea â from Angelina Jolieâs 86-year-old father she wonât talk to. What a great idea. Next year, The White Lotus is gonna be set at a Hampton Inn.â Fallon also took aim at Trumpâs implication that foreign locations were somehow taboo, saying: âGonna be fun seeing the next Lord of the Rings filmed in Bayonne, New Jersey,â adding: âIf you donât like that, you can also watch Emily in Des Moines [instead of Emily in Paris]. Itâs just as charming.â Explore more on these topics Film Film industry Donald Trump Trump tariffs Gavin Newsom Jimmy Kimmel Jimmy Fallon news Share Reuse this content Most viewed Live German parliament votes again on Merzâs bid to be chancellor after humiliating first round â Europe live Trump and Carney to meet at White House in closely watched encounter Mushroom lunchâs sole surviving guest details deadly meal and its aftermath as trial of Erin Patterson continues âItâs the misogyny slop ecosystem!â How Candace Owens and the American right declared war on Blake Lively Wisconsin woman missing for more than 60 years found âalive and wellâNakita mo ang isang matanda na tatawid ng kalsada, ano ang dapat mong gawin? _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. 2. May dumating na bisita ang iyong magulang, ano ang gagawin mo? _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________. 3. Gusto mong magpabili ng bagong cellphone sa iyong tatay subalit wala siyang sapat na pera para sa gusto mo. Magagalit ka ba sa kanya? Bakit? _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________. 4. Nakita mo ang matalik mong kaibigan na kumukuha ng gamit na hindi niya naman pagmamay-ari. Ano ang gagawin mo? _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________. 24 5. Tapos nang maglinis ng bahay ang ate mo, tapos ka na rin maglaro, ano ang gagawin mo sa mga laruan mo? _____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ _______________________________7.03 Patients with Infectious Disease The center adheres to infection control policies to ensure the safety of patients, physicians, and staff members. Patients who are currently being treated for an infectious disease or condition that is transmitted via the contact route may not be treated at the center. Patients with disease spread via droplet (e.g. influenza) or airborne (e.g. tuberculosis, measles) routes will reschedule their procedures in consultation with their physicians. The infection control nurse, in consultation with the infection control consultant, will determine whether the patient requires isolation or other additional precautions. If a patient with current Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is treated at the center, all rooms where the patient was housed, even briefly, should be cleaned by housekeeping under supervision of the staff at the center. Physicians must document relevant information in their pre-admission documentation. Standard Precautions will be followed in the care of all patients. Cigarroa Interventional Institute establishes policies to ensure compliance with infection control policies for the care of patients with drug-resistant organisms. The physician will screen patients through the medical history review prior to scheduling a patient at the center. During the pre-operative (pre-op) phone call or interview, a pre-op screening of the patient will be conducted. Strict isolation policies are required to treat patients with active MRSA, VRSA, or tuberculosis. Since this facility has no provisions for strict isolation, those patients with active infections will be referred elsewhere for treatment. Patients who are undergoing or completed a course of antibiotic therapy, are colonized and/or are not actively infected may be treated at the center. Patients with active infections requiring transmission-based precautions are not appropriate candidates for this facility and will be referred to another facility or rescheduled. Procedures cannot be scheduled for patients currently undergoing an infection with transmission based precautions. The patient must finish the course, and they will be rescheduled. Definitions and Standards: The following definitions and standards are provided for informational purposes only: Airborne Transmission and Precautions: This mode of transmission occurs by the spreading of either airborne droplet nuclei (small particle residue of 5 microns or smaller), of evaporated droplets which contain microorganisms that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time) or dust particles containing microorganisms. Patients must be isolated in private rooms with special air handling and ventilation, and the door must remain closed. Patient transport should be restricted to essential transport only. Respiratory precautions must be taken when in the presence of patients with active tuberculosis, including respiratory masks. Droplet Transmission and Precautions: Droplets are transmitted from the host source by coughing, sneezing, talking, or during procedures such as suctioning or bronchoscopy. Patients must be isolated, and a distance of 3 feet maintained between the infected patient and others. Caregivers within 3 feet of the patient should wear a mask. Patient transport should be minimized. Contact Transmission and Precautions: Direct contact transmission involves direct body surface to body surface contact with physical transfer of microorganisms between a susceptible host and an infected person. Indirect contact transmission involves contact with an intermediate object (usually inanimate) and a susceptible host. Patients should be isolated as much as possible. Gloves and hand washing are essential for all contact with the patient and contact with objects, which come in contact with the patient. Gloves should be changed after each contact. Reportable Condition If the patient is determined to have a reportable condition at any time during pre-admission, the Director of Operations/Nurse Manager will be notified. The procedural physician will be contacted and the case will be canceled. The Department of Health will also be notified the same day following state regulations regarding Reportable Communicable Diseases. To report a disease or condition, contact: The City of Laredo Epidemiology 24/7 Reporting Line: (956) 763-2915, if unable to report locally, call The Texas Departmrent of Health Services epidemiology program: 24/7Number for Immediately Reportable â 1-800-705-8868Make a multiple choice quiz for my year 8 science students based on the science in this transcript from a video: 3°C 0:04 It can be the difference between snow and sleet 0:08 Wearing a jacket or not 0:11 In your day-to-day life, it may not seem significant 0:15 But 3°C of global warming would be catastrophic 0:20 Heatwaves, droughts, extreme precipitation, even fire 0:25 3°C of warming is really disastrous 0:28 The scary thing is, the world is well on its way there 0:32 Since the industrial revolution, the Earth has warmed between 1.1°C and 1.3°C 0:40 This is a problem that babies you pass in the street will have to live with 0:46 Children born today... 0:47 ...are up to seven times more likely to face extreme weather than their grandparents 0:52 If global temperatures do rise by 3°C... 0:55 ...what would their world look like? Climate change is already having devastating effects 1:03 Rising sea levels 1:05 Desertification 1:07 Hollywood has always enjoyed imagining the end of the world 1:11 While blockbusters like this are clearly fiction... 1:14 ...this film will show the scenario we all face... 1:17 ...unless more drastic measures are taken to stop burning fossil fuels 1:30 In some parts of the world the effects of inaction are already clear 1:35 The slums of Bangladeshâs capital are filling up with climate migrants 1:41 Minara comes from Bhola District, an area in southern Bangladesh 1:46 There, like many other parts of the country... 1:49 ...rivers swollen by heavier rain and melting Himalayan glaciers... 1:53 ...are washing away peopleâs homes 1:56 Many, like her, have lost everything 2:00 Our home in Bhola had endless amounts of land 2:03 There was lots of space for farming, we had a spacious house 2:08 There were different types of fruits, vegetation and trees growing at home 2:12 We used to eat the fruit from our own trees 2:18 I canât eat them now because they don't exist anymore 2:21 Since the river flooded for the third time, I had to flee to Dhaka 2:26 Life was much better back home 2:29 It was unbearable to live through, truly intolerable 2:33 We didnât have the time to save anything at all 2:38 1.1°C to 1.3°C of global warming has already transformed Minaraâs life 2:45 Itâs one of the reasons why so many migrants like her... 2:47 ...are moving to the city each year... 2:50 ...nearly 400,000 according to the last estimate 2:53 And climate models show there could be much worse to come How climate modelling works 3:02 Climate scientist Joeri Rogelj... 3:04 ...has spent the last ten years modelling future climate scenarios... 3:08 ...for the United Nations 3:10 The models we use to carry out this exercise... 3:13 ...really represent the state of the art... 3:15 ...of our current knowledge of climate change and where we are heading 3:19 Joeriâs projections use data collected by hundreds of scientists around the world 3:26 Here this is the 3°C level... 3:28 ...and so there is at least a one-in-four chance that under current policies... 3:32 ...we would hit 3°C by the end of the century 3:36 This is just one of the scenarios Joeri looks at 3:40 Another one imagines that all policy promises are kept 3:44 The most optimistic assumes that all promises have been kept... 3:47 ...and net-zero targets are met 3:50 Where our best estimate ends up around 2°C at the end of the century... 3:54 ...there is still a one-in-20 chance that we end up with 3°C instead 3:59 One would not be entering a plane if there is a one-in-20 chance... 4:03 ...that the plane will crash Nowhere is safe from global warming 4:07 A rise of 3°C would affect everyone 4:10 Even wealthy cities in rich countries wouldnât be immune to the consequences 4:15 European capitals like Paris and Berlin... 4:18 ...would bake under more extreme heatwaves 4:22 Frequent storm-surges in New York could turn parts of the city desolate 4:27 In many ways, cities magnify, intensify climate events 4:33 Cities are hotter than the places around them... 4:36 ...they tend to be more vulnerable to flooding 4:39 And you can get a really bad event in a city in a way that you canât in the countryside 4:46 And because of their denser populations... 4:49 ...disasters in a city affect far more people 4:52 Some cities might be badly prepared for the changes coming 4:56 But they have the means to adapt 4:59 Cities tend to be wealthier than surrounding places 5:03 They have a lot of amenities 5:05 A city that has taken seriously the risks of a 3°C world... 5:08 âŠwouldnât necessarily be a worse place to be in a 3°C world 5:12 But a city that hasnât prepared for these sort of eventualities... 5:16 ...that might be a really nasty place The impact of prolonged droughts 5:20 So far, many developed cities have got off lightly... 5:24 ...but some rural parts of the world are suffering disproportionately 5:29 Smallholdersâsmall-scale farmersâare particularly vulnerable to climate change 5:35 And there are over 600 million around the world 5:38 Smallholders with farms under two hectares... 5:40 ...produce around a third of the global food supply 5:46 Central Americaâs âDry Corridorâ... 5:48 ...supports a mix of smallholdings and medium-sized farms 5:53 Sandwiched between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea... 5:56 ...the area is prone to droughts 6:08 Israel RamĂrez Rivera is a smallholder in Guatemala 6:12 Here, climate change is making the dry seasons longer, and more severe 6:18 This is the biggest ear of maize that this plot could deliver 6:23 He depends on his crops of corn and beans 6:26 But theyâre getting harder to grow 6:30 The surrounding mountains... 6:32 ...used to provide us with native food... 6:38 ...and now that isnât an option anymore... 6:41 ...due to climate change and its effects 6:46 Nearly two-thirds of the smallholders in the Dry Corridor now live in poverty 6:52 The impact of all of this for us... 6:59 ...malnutrition among children 7:03 Weâve lost a few 7:07 For my crops especially, the midsummer heat is harder than before 7:16 The plant dries up and canât provide us... 7:19 ...with the necessary food provision 7:24 Severe droughts in Central America... 7:26 ...are now four times more likely than they were last century 7:30 Many families from here have gone to the States 7:37 The economic despair and debts... 7:44 ...have pushed many people from this community to do this journey 7:53 Migration from Guatemala to the United States has quadrupled since 1990 7:59 Not all of this has been due to climate change 8:02 But longer droughts would force even more to move 8:05 In a 3°C world, annual rainfall in this region... 8:09 ...could drop by up to 14% 8:12 At 3°C, over a quarter of the worldâs population... 8:16 ...could endure extreme droughts for at least a month of the year 8:19 Northern Africa could see droughts that last for years at a time Rising sea levels, storm surges and flooding 8:24 But for some, too much water will be the problem 8:29 10% of the worldâs population lives on a coastline... 8:32 ...thatâs less than 10 metres above sea level 8:35 For these coastal inhabitants, a 3°C world would spell disaster 8:40 By 2100, global sea levels could have climbed by half a metre from 2005 levels 8:46 Low-lying cities like Lagos would be especially vulnerable... 8:49 ...with up to up to a third of the population displaced 8:54 And in Fiji, rising waters are already upending lives 9:04 You can see the graveyard there, itâs all under water now... 9:08 ...due to this rising sea level and climate change 9:15 The village of Togoru in Fiji is being swallowed by the sea 9:19 Barney Dunn, the village headman, has seen over half the village disappear 9:24 Relativesâ houses have been abandoned, and family graves are now under water 9:29 We have been asked by the government to relocate... 9:32 ...but no one wants to relocate... 9:34 ...because we have our great-great-grandparents down there in the sea 9:39 This is the place weâve been brought up in 9:41 ...itâs not easy to leave 9:44 Past attempts to build a seawall havenât worked 9:48 But Barney sees building a new one as the villageâs only hope 9:52 If they do that, maybe we can save whatever is left 9:56 But if we donât have the seawall, then it will be keep eroding and time will come... 10:01 ...maybe in ten,15 years, Togoru will be all eroded 10:05 Rising seas also mean storms cause more floods 10:11 And many more countries could suffer 10:14 The Philippines and Myanmar are just two countries... 10:17 ...that will also see an increase in storm surges in a 3°C world 10:21 To escape, many will move⊠10:24 âŠoften, to urban areas Extreme heat and wet-bulb temperatures 10:27 Half the worldâs population already lives in cities... 10:31 ...almost a third in slums 10:36 For them, a 3°C world could be deadly 10:40 Minara has moved to Dhaka to escape the impact of climate change 10:44 But life could get even worse for her 10:47 Iâm struggling a lot nowadays 10:49 The heat during the day is unbearable 10:52 Even late at night it doesnât cool down 10:57 The heat is getting more intense every day 10:59 I mean, itâs going to get much worse 11:03 I can barely survive it now, how will I live through it in the future? 11:08 Dhaka is getting hotter 11:11 In the last 20 years the average daytime temperature... 11:13 ...has crept up by nearly half a degree 11:17 Days that approach 40°C are now being reported 11:20 And high so-called wet-bulb temperatures are on the rise 11:26 A wet-bulb temperature is a measure of heat and humidity 11:30 Humans cool themselves by sweating⊠11:32 But in these conditions, when relative humidity is near 100%... 11:36 ...sweat doesnât evaporate well 11:38 So people canât cool down⊠11:41 ...even if given unlimited shade and water 11:45 At a high wet-bulb temperature, the body canât lose heat... 11:49 ...and so it gets hotter and hotter... 11:51 ...and the body is designed to work at a given temperature 11:53 And if it gets too hot inside, you will die 11:58 The human limit for wet-bulb temperatures is 35°C... 12:02 ...around skin temperature 12:04 Dhaka will have a much higher chance... 12:05 ...of reaching dangerous wet-bulb temperatures... 12:07 ...if global warming reaches 3°C 12:12 You canât really adapt to that 12:14 You have to get out. If the temperature is so high that you canât work... 12:20 ...canât do hard manual labour outside for significant parts of the year... 12:25 ...then many places will become functionally no longer part of the economy 12:33 Jacobabad in Pakistan, and Ras al Khaimah, in the United Arab Emirates... 12:37 ...have already recorded deadly wet-bulb temperatures 12:40 More of the tropics and the Persian Gulf... 12:43 ...as well as parts of Mexico and the south-eastern United States... 12:47 ...could all get to this threshold by the end of the century 12:50 Climate modelling might show us the weather Increased migration and conflict 12:52 But it doesnât show us its other effects on society 12:56 Established migration patterns could change 12:59 Climate disasters may exacerbate reasons people cross borders 13:03 Within countries, more people will move to cities 13:07 In a 3°C world, tens of millions of people a year... 13:10 ...could be displaced by disasters made worse by climate change 13:15 When people are displaced by climate... 13:18 âŠthey may well go to cities... 13:19 ...because cities are the places that attract people from the countryside already 13:25 A lot of people who can get to the developed world... 13:28 ...not least because the developed world tends to be less hot, will give that a go 13:35 As migration around the world increases... 13:38 ...there could be more competition for fewer resources 13:42 Waterâalready a highly contested resourceâwill be a focal point 13:47 Turkeyâs new Ilisu dam has reduced the flow of water into Iraq 13:53 China lays claim to rivers vital to India and Pakistan 13:57 The prospect of a water-conflict makes people very uneasy 14:03 How national tensions would exacerbate those sorts of reactions... 14:08 ...in a 3°C world... 14:09 ...is the sort of thing that no one should really want to find out 14:14 I think youâd have to be incredibly sanguine... 14:16 ...not to think that the sort of climate extremes that we talk about... 14:19 ...in a 3°C world wouldnât lead some places... 14:22 ...to the brink of societal collapse 14:25 Those lucky enough to escape unrest... Adaptation and mitigation are crucial 14:28 ...would still have to adapt to a radically different world 14:32 People can adapt to climate change in all sorts of ways, one of the most obvious ones... 14:37 ...is air conditioning 14:39 But other ways to adapt at a local or regional level... 14:42 ...I mean, one of the most obvious is diversifying agriculture 14:47 There are physical things you can do, like seawalls 14:52 The fact that people can adapt and that adaptation will reduce suffering... 14:57 ...doesnât mean that it will eliminate suffering 15:00 Suffering is built into this whole process of heating up the planet 15:06 Adaptation will only get the world so far 15:09 The best way to deal with a 3°C world... 15:12 ...is not to go to a 3°C world 15:14 And thatâs why increasing efforts on mitigation are important 15:17 Itâs why working towards negative emissions... 15:20 ...that could bring down the temperature after it peaks are important 15:25 Once you get to a 3°C world, you are in real bad global trouble 15:33 The scale of change needed... 15:35 ...and the slow progress of governments so far... 15:38 ...means 3°C of warming is uncomfortably likely unless more is done 15:44 Despite existing pledges, greenhouse-gas emissions... 15:48 ...are still set to rise by 16% from 2010 levels by 2030 15:54 The need to act has never been clearer 15:57 Thereâs still time to reduce emissions, so that a 3°C world remains fiction... 16:02 ...rather than becoming factTranslator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast Before March, 2011, I was a photographic retoucher based in New York City. We're pale, gray creatures. We hide in dark, windowless rooms, and generally avoid sunlight. We make skinny models skinnier, perfect skin more perfect, and the impossible possible, and we get criticized in the press all the time, but some of us are actually talented artists with years of experience and a real appreciation for images and photography. On March 11, 2011, I watched from home, as the rest of the world did, as the tragic events unfolded in Japan. Soon after, an organization I volunteer with, All Hands Volunteers, were on the ground, within days, working as part of the response efforts. I, along with hundreds of other volunteers, knew we couldn't just sit at home, so I decided to join them for three weeks. On May the 13th, I made my way to the town of Ćfunato. It's a small fishing town in Iwate Prefecture, about 50,000 people, one of the first that was hit by the wave. The waters here have been recorded at reaching over 24 meters in height, and traveled over two miles inland. As you can imagine, the town had been devastated. We pulled debris from canals and ditches. We cleaned schools. We de-mudded and gutted homes ready for renovation and rehabilitation. We cleared tons and tons of stinking, rotting fish carcasses from the local fish processing plant. We got dirty, and we loved it. For weeks, all the volunteers and locals alike had been finding similar things. They'd been finding photos and photo albums and cameras and SD cards. And everyone was doing the same. They were collecting them up, and handing them in to various places around the different towns for safekeeping. Now, it wasn't until this point that I realized that these photos were such a huge part of the personal loss these people had felt. As they had run from the wave, and for their lives, absolutely everything they had, everything had to be left behind. At the end of my first week there, I found myself helping out in an evacuation center in the town. I was helping clean the onsen, the communal onsen, the huge giant bathtubs. This happened to also be a place in the town where the evacuation center was collecting the photos. This is where people were handing them in, and I was honored that day that they actually trusted me to help them start hand-cleaning them. Now, it was emotional and it was inspiring, and I've always heard about thinking outside the box, but it wasn't until I had actually gotten outside of my box that something happened. As I looked through the photos, there were some were over a hundred years old, some still in the envelope from the processing lab, I couldn't help but think as a retoucher that I could fix that tear and mend that scratch, and I knew hundreds of people who could do the same. So that evening, I just reached out on Facebook and asked a few of them, and by morning the response had been so overwhelming and so positive, I knew we had to give it a go. So we started retouching photos. This was the very first. Not terribly damaged, but where the water had caused that discoloration on the girl's face had to be repaired with such accuracy and delicacy. Otherwise, that little girl isn't going to look like that little girl anymore, and surely that's as tragic as having the photo damaged. (Applause) Over time, more photos came in, thankfully, and more retouchers were needed, and so I reached out again on Facebook and LinkedIn, and within five days, 80 people wanted to help from 12 different countries. Within two weeks, I had 150 people wanting to join in. Within Japan, by July, we'd branched out to the neighboring town of Rikuzentakata, further north to a town called Yamada. Once a week, we would set up our scanning equipment in the temporary photo libraries that had been set up, where people were reclaiming their photos. The older ladies sometimes hadn't seen a scanner before, but within 10 minutes of them finding their lost photo, they could give it to us, have it scanned, uploaded to a cloud server, it would be downloaded by a gaijin, a stranger, somewhere on the other side of the globe, and it'd start being fixed. The time it took, however, to get it back is a completely different story, and it depended obviously on the damage involved. It could take an hour. It could take weeks. It could take months. The kimono in this shot pretty much had to be hand-drawn, or pieced together, picking out the remaining parts of color and detail that the water hadn't damaged. It was very time-consuming. Now, all these photos had been damaged by water, submerged in salt water, covered in bacteria, in sewage, sometimes even in oil, all of which over time is going to continue to damage them, so hand-cleaning them was a huge part of the project. We couldn't retouch the photo unless it was cleaned, dry and reclaimed. Now, we were lucky with our hand-cleaning. We had an amazing local woman who guided us. It's very easy to do more damage to those damaged photos. As my team leader Wynne once said, it's like doing a tattoo on someone. You don't get a chance to mess it up. The lady who brought us these photos was lucky, as far as the photos go. She had started hand-cleaning them herself and stopped when she realized she was doing more damage. She also had duplicates. Areas like her husband and her face, which otherwise would have been completely impossible to fix, we could just put them together in one good photo, and remake the whole photo. When she collected the photos from us, she shared a bit of her story with us. Her photos were found by her husband's colleagues at a local fire department in the debris a long way from where the home had once stood, and they'd recognized him. The day of the tsunami, he'd actually been in charge of making sure the tsunami gates were closed. He had to go towards the water as the sirens sounded. Her two little boys, not so little anymore, but her two boys were both at school, separate schools. One of them got caught up in the water. It took her a week to find them all again and find out that they had all survived. The day I gave her the photos also happened to be her youngest son's 14th birthday. For her, despite all of this, those photos were the perfect gift back to him, something he could look at again, something he remembered from before that wasn't still scarred from that day in March when absolutely everything else in his life had changed or been destroyed. After six months in Japan, 1,100 volunteers had passed through All Hands, hundreds of whom had helped us hand-clean over 135,000 photographs, the large majority â (Applause) â a large majority of which did actually find their home again, importantly. Over five hundred volunteers around the globe helped us get 90 families hundreds of photographs back, fully restored and retouched. During this time, we hadn't really spent more than about a thousand dollars in equipment and materials, most of which was printer inks. We take photos constantly. A photo is a reminder of someone or something, a place, a relationship, a loved one. They're our memory-keepers and our histories, the last thing we would grab and the first thing you'd go back to look for. That's all this project was about, about restoring those little bits of humanity, giving someone that connection back. When a photo like this can be returned to someone like this, it makes a huge difference in the lives of the person receiving it. The project's also made a big difference in the lives of the retouchers. For some of them, it's given them a connection to something bigger, giving something back, using their talents on something other than skinny models and perfect skin. I would like to conclude by reading an email I got from one of them, Cindy, the day I finally got back from Japan after six months. "As I worked, I couldn't help but think about the individuals and the stories represented in the images. One in particular, a photo of women of all ages, from grandmother to little girl, gathered around a baby, struck a chord, because a similar photo from my family, my grandmother and mother, myself, and newborn daughter, hangs on our wall. Across the globe, throughout the ages, our basic needs are just the same, aren't they?" Thank you. (Applause) (Applause)3.2 Sexual relationships: Christian teachings about sexual relationships Christianity teaches that sexual relationships should only take place between a man and a woman who are married to each other. The Bible says throughout that: Sex should only take place within marriage and that all other forms of sexual activity are forbidden Marriage should be respected, and the sexual relationship between a husband and wife should be kept pure After death, God will judge and punish people who commit adultery and those who are sexually immoral. Christian attitudes towards sexual relationships can vary. Some Christians agree with these points. They think sex before marriage, adultery, prostitution, and homosexual relationships are wrong, as highlighted in 1 Corinthians 6:7â20, for example. They think these kinds of sexual relationships disrespect the human body which, according to the Bible, is the âtemple of the Holy Spiritâ and belongs to God. The purity ring (Figure 3.2) is how some Christians choose to show their views on sexual purity. Two Christian views on sexual relations View 1: Some Christians argue the main purpose of sex within marriage is to have children. This means sex should only take place between a man and a woman, as same-sex couples cannot naturally produce a child. Christians base this belief on a biblical command from the Creation in Genesis 1:28. This says human beings are to be âfruitful and increase in numberâ. Other Christians say that sex between a husband and wife has another purpose: it is an important expression of their love and unites them as a couple. This comes from Genesis 2:24, which refers to a man and a woman being united in âone fleshâ. View 2: Some Christians think the attitudes in View 1 are outdated. They would argue that Christianity is about agape (selfless, unconditional love). They think it is wrong to criticise sex in a relationship that is committed and loving, even if those involved are cohabiting rather than married. This means some Christians might also find sexual relationships between homosexuals acceptable within a permanent and caring relationship. Christians disagree with people having sex within casual or short-term relationships. Atheist and Humanist attitudes towards sexual relationships Depending on their personal views, atheists may have differing opinions about: Some sexual activities Sex outside of marriage Adultery Prostitution Homosexuality. Their views would not be based on religious teachings. Freedom and choice are two important Humanist values, providing they do not cause harm to anyone else. Humanists believe consenting adults should be free to have the sexual relationships they want as long as those relationships do not damage others. Humanists are opposed to all forms of sexual abuse and exploitation. As with any choice made by human beings, Humanists believe people should think about the consequences of their sexual relationships, making responsible and thoughtful choices that take into account the happiness of those involved