The principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture.

It is associated with human vocal and auditory means of expressing ideas and feelings. It is an entire multifaceted phenomenon.

These are listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing.

It is the skill of grasping and decoding information during the exchange of messages.

It is the beginning of understanding and a valuable key to effective communication. It is the task of getting the meaning of what is being heard.

It is the ability that makes us superior to other species. It is also a complex cognitive and linguistic skill that involves words and sounds.

It is seen in social conversations.

It happens when someone wants to cut across a message. There is an act to be done after the message is received.

It is when an audience accepts the message spoken.

It is a multifaceted process involving word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.

Identify the words in print.

Construct an understanding from them.

Coordinate identifying words and making meaning so that reading is automatic and accurate.

It is reading aloud. This can be a technique to improve poor reader’s word identification in context.

Under ____ are extensive and intensive reading.

Practicing specific reading strategies.

Includes reading for pleasure or reading technical, scientific, or professional material.

It is the process of using symbols (letters of the alphabet, punctuation, and spaces) to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form.

It allows students to pause and reflect and think about the images they are seeing and analyze or evaluate further these visuals for better use.

As teachers, we provide activities for students that push them to use language in a communicative context.

Teachers provide real-life activities to complete or do. In so doing, they learn and gain communicative competence.

Teachers must carefully choose authentic and engaging activities that create meaning for students for learning to take place and endure.

Whatever the language used and learned by a person from birth until the critical period is considered his/her first language.

It is the language used in the house.

After learning the first language (L1), a person accommodates another language usually learned afterwards.

Look at linguistics with a narrower view. The focus is more on the structures of the language system in itself and for itself.

Looks at linguistics with a broader view. The focus is on the way languages are acquired, stored in the brain, and used for various functions; interdependence of language and culture; physiological and psychological mechanisms involved in language behavior.

It is a branch of linguistics which focuses on the sounds. In particular, it looks into how the sounds should be articulated, transmitted, and received.

It is the study of the functions of speech sounds in a language. Its focus is on the ways speech sounds are organized.

It is the study of the construction and formation of words. It is a branch of linguistics, which breaks words into morphemes and is considered the grammar of words.

It is the study of the relationship between linguistic forms, how they are arranged in sequences, and which sequences are well-formed.

It is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and entities in the world. It focuses on the meaning of a sentence.

It is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those words.

It is the study of language and mind: the mental structures and processes, which are involved in the acquisition, comprehension, and production of language.

It studies the relations between language and society: how social factors influence the structure and use of language.

It is the study of language processing and language representation in the brain. It typically studies the disturbances of language comprehension and production caused by damage to certain areas of the brain.

It is the study of how stretches of language used in communication assume meaning, purpose, and unity for their uses.

It is the application of linguistic theories and computational techniques to problems of natural language processing.

It is the field of study that looks at how linguistics can help understand real-life problems in areas such as psychology, sociology, and education.

It is the language used in business, trade and diplomacy and other international activities.

It refers to the varieties of English from the different regions of the world.

It is considered an important factor in the spread of English.

English is spread as a result of colonization, globalization or by any other means.

English is officially accepted as a language used for education, trade, communication, so on.

L1 and other local languages start to reshape English slowly by giving it a local touch. Indigenous words form and structure get incorporated into English.

People start to use English unconsciously without associating with its parent varieties.

___ proposes this concentric circle to illustrate the spread of English all over the world.

It refers to the parent countries of English. Through colonization, they have spread English to the other regions of the world.

It is considered to be ‘norm-providing’, meaning that they set the standards and traditions for the English language.

It belongs to the territories colonized by the parent countries of English, it is considered to be a second non-native language and is used for functions like education, law, and government transactions.

It is considered to be ‘norm-developing’, meaning that they develop the norms set by inner circle countries even further.

It considers English as a foreign language. This encompasses countries where English has no historical or governmental roles. Nevertheless, English is still used for very limited transactions and mostly for international communications only.

It is considered to be ‘norm-dependent’, they rely on the inner and outer circle to provide the norms for the English language.

Unprecedented spread across cultures and languages; on practically every continent.

Provides access to the most important scientific, technological and cross-cultural domains of knowledge and interaction.

Symbolizes—certainly to a large group across cultures—one or more of the following: neutrality, liberalism, status, and progressivism.

Provides international accessibility in the Outer Circle and international mobility across regions.

This has resulted in the nativization and acculturation of the language.

A tool for mobility, economic gains, and social status.

Defined as the act of using or promoting the use of multiple languages, by an individual or a community.