Which groups were able to keep the integrity of their ethnic heritage primarily through active resistance to colonial rule?

What is the primary characteristic of 'proverbs' (salawikain) as described in the text?

Which form of pre-colonial literature is used in a 'battle of wits' to test the audience's intelligence?

What is the local name for a lullaby sung to put babies to sleep?

In pre-colonial epics, what are the typical characteristics of the protagonist?

What was the first printed book in the Philippines (1593), which served as a prayer book?

Which form of religious literature is a narrative poem about the life, suffering, and death of Jesus Christ, typically sung during Lent?

What is the main difference between an 'Awit' and a 'Korido' regarding their poetic structure?

Which play uses shadows and figures made from scrapboard projected onto a white screen?

What historical event served as the inspiration for Jose Rizal's 'El Filibusterismo'?

Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Propaganda Movement?

In 'El Filibusterismo,' who is the wealthy jeweler who seeks to speed up social decay to trigger a revolution?

Who is known as the 'Father of the Katipunan'?

After the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in April 1898, what country ceded the Philippines to the United States through the Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898)?

When did the United States formally recognize the independence of the Republic of the Philippines?

Who was the Philippine President captured on March 23, 1901 during the Philippine-American War?

The Philippine-American War was officially declared ended by the American government on what date?

Filipino writers during the American period expressed their love of the country and their longings for what?

In 1910, a new group of Filipino writers started to write in what language?

Which of the following were used as mediums in literature during the American period?

Philippine literary production during the American period was spurred by two developments. Which is one of them?

Free Public Education made knowledge and information accessible to whom?

The use of English as medium of instruction introduced Filipinos to what?

In 1898, when Americans occupied Manila, what happened to schools?

Who were the first teachers in reopened schools during the American occupation?

Education during the American period should be what?

Education was the means of giving people an orientation towards what?

What did Act No. 74 establish in 1901?

What group of professionals was sent by the United States to teach English?

Act No. 372 required all provinces to maintain what?

The Philippine Normal School (1901) was founded to train what?

The University of the Philippines was established in what year?

The Period of Apprenticeship (1910–1930) was characterized by Filipino writers doing what?

Poems during the Period of Apprenticeship were described as what?

The Period of Emergence (1920–1930) was influenced by what literary trends?

Print culture during the American period included the growth of what?

What was the first successful short story in English written by a Filipino?

'A Child of Sorrow' (1921) by Zoilo Galang is considered what?

Early Philippine English poetry emerged in the early 20th century, coinciding with what historical period?

During this period, English was introduced as what in schools and universities?

Early Philippine English poetry marked a shift from traditional verse written in which languages?

The period of early Philippine English poetry roughly spans from what years?

Early Philippine English poetry balanced colonial influences, local cultural identities, and what struggle?

Early Philippine English poetry reflected the socio-political context of the Philippines transitioning from what to what?

Under bilingual influences, poets drew from English literary conventions and what other traditions?

Early poets blended Western poetic forms with what?

English served as both a tool of education and what?

Early poets followed established English poetic forms such as sonnets, blank verse, and what?

Early poets emphasized technical skill and precision in what aspects?

Early Philippine English poetry themes are deeply rooted in what?

Which theme includes adjustment to American rule and cultural assimilation?

Which theme includes love of country, desire for independence, and Filipino pride?

Which theme focuses on rural life and Philippine scenery as poetic imagery?

Which theme includes Christian values and moral reflection?

Which theme includes romantic love, family, and personal relationships?

Which theme includes education, poverty, and social inequality?

The Romantic and Victorian-influenced style used what kind of language and structure?

Which style broke away from strict rhyme and meter and used natural speech rhythms?

Which style used symbols from Philippine nature and culture to suggest deeper meanings?

Which style used simple, direct language to portray everyday Filipino life and social issues?

Claro M. Recto is known as a Filipino poet, statesman, and what?

Zoilo M. Galang is credited as what in Philippine literature?

N.V.M. Gonzalez is known for writing about what?

'Ang Dampa Kong Pawid' by Claro M. Recto symbolizes what?

'A Child of Sorrow' (1921) by Zoilo M. Galang is considered what?

'Life and Success' by Zoilo M. Galang focuses on what values?

'The Winds of April' (1941) by N.V.M. Gonzalez portrays what?

'The Bread of Salt and Other Stories' explores what themes?