progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the kidneys or ureters

inability to control bladder and/or bowels

stones in the kidney

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance

surgical implantation of a donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

laboratory analysis of urine

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

to pass urine