An abnormal passage between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body

Tissue death of an artery or arteries

Abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

A pathologic change of tissues due to disease or injury

A groove or crack-like sore of the skin; also normal folds in the contours of the brain

The burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus

Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by inadequate oxygen in the blood

Any abnormal condition or disease caused by fungus

Inflammation of the spinal chord; inflammation of bone marrow

Inflammation of the muscle

Refers to the back of the organ or body

Refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body

A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

A multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

Cavity that contains primarily the major organs of digestion

Cavity that is located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions

Cavity that surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue

A genetic variation that is associated with characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing

A genetic disorder that causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife

Uppermost, above, or toward the head

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

A minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint

A surgical procedure to stiffen a joint

Surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

An abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side; aka humpback

An abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine; aka swayback

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging

Hip socket, forms the hip joint with the head of the femur

Originating within another

Originating within an individual (himself)

Pain of the lumbar region of the spine

Pain in a bone

Muscle weakness

Myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

Contraction, or shortening, of the muscles of the neck

Aka wryneck, a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head to the affected side

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

Paralysis of all four extremities

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time

Weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Surgical suturing of a muscle

The sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

Surgical removal of part of an artery

Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery

Surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery

An abnormally slow resting heart rate, usually at a rate of less than 60 beats per minute

An abnormally fast resting heart rate, usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute

A group of bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells

A type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood

A decrease in the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood

An abnormal increase in the number of platelets circulating in the blood

An episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atria or AV node

Rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles

A localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

A foreign object, such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood

A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels

A general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

A hard tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee

A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

A tumor of the tissue surrounding a synovial joint

Bleeding from the spleen

An abnormal enlargement of the spleen

The new cancer site that results from the spreading process

The process by which cancer spreads from one place to another

Long, slender spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

A group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

A small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites

Medication administered to block and control allergic reactions

A substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response

A disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response

Aka spasm, a sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

In straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

Slanted or at an angle

All the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients

The building up of body cells and substances from nutrients

The breaking down of body cells or substances

Tumor of the blood vessels

(ENT) a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

The absence of spontaneous respiration

An irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea

Difficult or labored breathing

Incomplete expansion of part or all of the lung

An accumulation of pus in a body cavity

The excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that prevents the lung from fully expanding

The surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea in order to insert a tube to facilitate breathing

An emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

A condition that occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off

Twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

The passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools

Physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

A surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

A surgical procedure to create an artificial opening between an organ and the body surface

Excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking

The loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease

The rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

The act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

Enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

The protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

The surgical repair of a ureter

The surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder

The surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

The presence of stones in the kidney

The surgical incision for the removal of a nephrolith from the bladder

A stone located anywhere along the ureter

A stone located within the urinary bladder

A treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter

The visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

The discharge of blood from the ureter

The discharge of blood from the urinary bladder

Bleeding from the urethra

Deficiency or lack of blood in the body; decreased production of blood

Air sacs that exchange gases with the pulmonary capillary blood

The smallest branches of the bronchi

Two large tubes which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs

aka windpipe, transports air to and from the lungs

aka voice box, is a triangular chamber located between the pharynx and the trachea

aka throat, receives air after it passes through the nose or mouth, as well as food

A lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closes off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and the lungs

Abnormally hold together parts of the intestine that normally should separate

A stone located in the urethra

The endoscopic examination of the kidney

Physician who possesses specialized knowledge and skill in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary (lung) conditions and diseases

An excessive fear of environments where the person fears a panic attack might occur

An excessive fear of heights

A congenital herniation of brain substance through a gap in the skull

A condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles of the brain

The congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or the spinal column

A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow

A tumor of the spinal cord

The brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain; aka fainting

A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking, and judgement that is often accompanied by personality changes

A highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord that sometimes leads to paralysis

Inflammation of the brain

Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

The state of balance

A condition of ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears

A sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, often combined with nausea and vomiting

The flow of pus from the ear

Any discharge from the ear

Bleeding from the ear

Dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye

The perception of two images of a single object

A condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night

A small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid, or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes

The surgical correction of a damaged middle ear that is performed either to cure chronic inflammation or to restore function

An infestation with lice

Very small pinpoint hemorrhages less than 2 mm in diameter

An infection of the skin fold around a nail

A genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises

A skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin

Excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern

A condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body

The appearance of of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin

A small bump that itches

A swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

A small, raised red lesion that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter

The excision of the tympanic membrane of the ear

An irrational fear of spiders

The appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin

A large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin; aka bruise

Excessive thirst

Excessive hunger

Abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood

A condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

An abnormal, nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland

An autoimmune disorder in which the immune system stimulates the thyroid to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone

An autoimmune disorder in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

Inflammation of the the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that may lead to temporary paralysis

Damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

A woman who has never been pregnant

A woman who has never borne a viable child

A woman who has borne one viable child

A condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity

Narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis

A painful erection that lasts four hours or more, but is not accompanied by sexual excitement

Direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina

The direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes

The visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope

A knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum

Marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone, gradually beginning in the late 40s and progressing very gradually over several decades

An abnormal crackle-like lung sound heard while breathing in

An abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx

A coarse rattling sound somewhat like snoring, usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways

An instrument used to listen to sounds within the body

An instrument used to measure blood pressure

An instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior

The imaging of deep body structures by recording the echoes of sound wave pulses that are above the range of human hearing; also know as ultrasound

The examination of the urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

An imaging technique that uses a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body

An inactive substance that is given for its suggestive effects

Medication administered to prevent or reduce fever

A medication that relieves pain without affecting consciousness

The use of x-radiation to visualize hard-tissue internal structures

Inflammation of the vertebrae

A degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra below it

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone

A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

The release of a tendon from adhesions

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus

A blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

A highly contagious infection caused by the herpes virus; aka chickenpox

A bloodborne pathogen that damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail

Inflammation of the pharynx

A small pouch or sac occurring in the lining or wall of a tubular organ

inflammation and degeneration of muscle tissue

bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge

rupture

surgical suturing

The beginning of the menstrual function

The term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

A specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

Mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, that are normally found in the blood

The hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle; completes the preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy

A large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure

Fills both the anterior and posterior chambers of the anterior segment in the eyes; helps the eye maintain its shape and nourishes the intraocular structures

Fills the posterior segment of the eyeball; is a soft, clear, jelly-like mass that contains millions of fine fibers that help the eye maintain its shape

Within the eyeball

Situated between the eyes

Outside the eyeball

Bad, difficult, or painful

Deficient, decreased

Excessive, increased

The direction toward, or nearer, the midline

The direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline

Bleeding from the pharynx

A complication of a peptic ulcer in which the ulcer erodes through the entire thickness of the organ wall