Israel is called "The ___ ___" because it has sites holy to 3 different religions

the modern country of ___ was created in 1947 as Palestine was divided into Jewish & Arab/Muslim states

about 80 percent of Israel's population is this religion

modern terrorist group that has terrorized Syrians and Iraqi citizens who aren't "Muslim-enough" for their liking

between 1921-1979 ___ was America's best friend in the Middle East, led by the Shah

in 1979, the "Iranian ___" brought in a new, strict Islamic government that disliked the U.S.

a government where the religion IS the government—they are NOT SEPARATE

52 Americans were taken as ___ in 1979 Iran during their Islamic Revolution, and they were held as prisoners for 444 days

the last president of Iran has denied that the ___, with the murder of 6 million Jews during World War II, happened

the ___ is an Afghanistan radical Muslim group that arose in the 1990s

he was the leader of the Al-Qaeda terrorist group that planned the 9/11 attack and used Afghanistan as a training / hiding place in 2001

this country was used by al-Qaeda as a a training / hiding place in 2001

under the Taliban, Afghanistan's ___ had to cover completely, stop work outside the home, and GIRLS couldn't go to school

the terrorist attack in the U.S. on _/__/___ was planned by Osama Bin Laden

writing system of the ancient Sumerians, who lived in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq)

three-letter abbreviation for "weapons of mass destruction", which Saddam used in the 80s & 90s

a reason Saddam invaded Kuwait in 1990 was to steal Kuwait's ___ to pay Iraq's huge debt following the Iran-Iraq War

In 2003, the US invaded ___, looking for Saddam's WMDs & to remove him as president

Iraq's capital, which was damaged in the 1991 & 2003- wars by American bombs & internal fighting

Since Saddam Hussein was removed as president, Iraq now has democratic ___ that men & women can participate in

oil and ___ are the 2 most important resources in the Middle East

another word for oil, starting with a "P"

____ is a group of oil-producing countries whose goal it is to influence the worldwide price of oil

countries like Bahrain, Qatar, U.A.E., and Kuwait make most of their money from selling the ___ they have beneath their ground

the U.S. led a group of countries in 1991 to push Saddam Hussein's Iraqi troops out of ___

the most holy city to Muslims, located in Saudi Arabia

the currently-dead dictator of Iraq who invaded Kuwait in 1990 & was captured by U.S. troops in 2003

Brahma, Siva, & Vishnu are examples of the many ___ in Hinduism

most important & sacred (or holy) river to Hindus in India

critic of the caste system and non-violent protestor of British treatment of Indians

the _____divided Indian people by wealth, their job, & birth - 100s of social classes

the Hindu + Buddhist belief that human beings are born, live, die, & are reborn again in a cycle

full name of the founder of Buddhism

the Buddhist practice of quietly sitting & focusing, calmly

the name "___" means "enlightened one" in Buddhism

Buddhism is the ___-most common religion in the world-- a little under 6% of the world population is Buddhist

___ is the rebirth that follows life & death in Buddhist (& Hindu) beliefs

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if your karma is bad, you might be ___ in your next life as a lower human or even an animal!

a belief in reincarnation means the belief in the ____ of a person following death

the desire or WANT for goods or services

the amount of something available for use or purchase

people who make products are called ____ (those who MAKE)

people who buy products are called ___ (those who BUY)

the money a company has left over after subtracting the cost of doing business

money earned by doing business; what a business receives from consumers

when a country concentrates on making/growing a small number of goods that it does best; not trying to make everything themselves (Like Florida's oranges)

the struggle or fight among producers (like Kroger,Meijer,Walmart) for the chance to earn your (the consumers') money

the general increase of prices over time (lunch 30 years ago was $1, now it's $3)

capitalism or free market economy, where businesses decide what to make and consumers have freedom to choose what to buy

an economy where the central government makes decisions about what producers make, what prices they charge, and what everyone can buy

an economy that combines traditional, market, and command economy

a country with a strong economy & high standard of living (20% of the world's countries)

countries with weak economies that produce very little and people have a low standard of living (80% of countries)

abbreviation for Gross Domestic Product

the total value in $ of all goods/services produced in a country in a year

trade that occurs within a country (like Indiana corn being traded for Florida oranges)

____ is trade between countries or nations

goods sent OUT of a country

goods brought INTO a country

international trade requires a way to convert one country's money or ___ into another country's money (dollars into Euros, YEN into PESOS, etc.)

trade between countries that occurs freely, with limited influence of the government

everyone benefits from ___ - Florida can grow what it does best (oranges) and trade them to corn-growing Indiana who has no oranges - BOTH WIN!!!

Developed countries have lots of people who can READ - a stat called "____ rate"

Developed countries have people who live a longer life, a stat called "____ _____" (almost 80 is good, some are below 40 yrs)

"Human Development Index" blends life expectancy, education levels, and incomes to rank countries against each other

a "____" country is one with high income, high education, high technology, long life spans, and lots of GOOD STUFF

a "____" country is one with low income, low education, little technology, shorter life spans, and lots of BAD STUFF

Ancient China's leaders were like kings, but were called ___

emperors in Ancient China were like ____ or queens in England--not elected, just members of the ruling family

the oldest examples of Chinese writing are found on "___ bones" or turtle shells, pictographs or pictures at the start

a beautiful, artistic way of writing - characters made into artwork

it's the idea that emperors in China were "chosen by heaven" or in their position because "heaven wanted them there"

Qin dynasty emperor Shi Huangdi's ___ ___ (or clay) warriors were 1000s of soldiers buried with him

China's first ___ ___ across northern China was started in 200sBC by Shi Huangdi

the Great Wall of China tried to discourage people ___ of China from invading; today it's for tourists

a belief system created by a Chinese smart guy; not really a religion but more of a way to order society

a Han dynasty invention that signaled an earthquake

Ancient Chinese people used a ___ to measure time, using a shadow cast by the sun

Chinese medical procedure that puts needles in specific points of the body to help your health

Chinese item to tell the direction of travel using Earth's magnetic field

over time land-based trade through China was replaced by ship-based trade on the ___ or ocean

China tried to keep how it made ___ secret, but it was hard to keep the worms and their thread-like cocoons to themselves

China had 1 dynasty ruled by foreigners, the ___ with Kublai Khan, from the 1200s-1300s

Chinese sea traveler who led major trade missions, sailing as far away as Africa and back

____ in China's history include the Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing

European needed African slaves to do work (labor) in their new ____ colonies

slavery devastated Africa as ___ were broken up, with moms dads & kids being pulled apart

the "__ __" was the nickname for the slave ship trip from Africa to the Americas

EAST African slaves were often shipped to ___ or Muslim countries

Europeans came to Central Africa looking for ___ products (or wood), ivory (elephant tusks), and slaves

Europeans carried ___ (1,000,000s) of slaves from Africa

many more slaves went to ___ America (particularly Brazil) and the Caribbean than went to North America

the Bible says the ancient Hebrews/Israelites were placed in slavery by Egypt's ____ (or king)

it is ___ (not false) that Africans traded each other, putting fellow Africans into slavery

slavery in America was legal until the end of the ___ ___ in 1865

Stories of Jesus's life make up the __ ___, which Jewish people do not read

the ___ is the head of the Catholic Church

Religion starting around 2000BC, believing in just one God

founding father of Judaism (not ___ Lincoln), born in Mesopotamia

the Jewish leader who led the Jews out of Egypt (the Exodus) and back to Israel

when the Ancient Jews moved to Egypt, Egypt's ruler (the ____) made them slaves

when Moses demanded the pharaoh free the Israelites, the pharaoh refused and a series of terrible ____, or disasters, struck Egypt

After Egypt's pharaoh freed the Hebrews, Moses led his people out of Egypt in a journey called the ___

While Moses was leaving Egypt, God gave him the __ ____, or 10 most important Jewish laws

Judaism was the world's first major ___ (one god) religion

ancient Jews recorded their laws in 5 books called the ___, the most important text of Judaism

a Jewish house of worship, or temple

a Jewish religious teacher or leader in a synagogue

December Jewish holiday that involves 8 candles and gift exchanging

8-candle Hanukkah candleholder that is lit during Hanukkah's 8 days

a March or April holiday where Jews remember the Exodus, or journey from Egypt and from slavery

Jewish people eat food that is ___ (OK to eat according to the Torah) but don't eat things that are non-___ (like pork)

a term for people who are anti-Jewish

the Jewish people are thought to have formed the first major ___-god religion in history

Adolf Hitler & the Nazi party that led ___ in the 1930s and 1940s, tried to kill all JEWISH people in Europe before and during World War II

the Jewish holy scriptures are called the ____ by Christians

Christians believe that ___ is the Messiah, the Son of God, unlike the Jews

a symbol associated with the Jews in modern times

founder of Islam, he was born around 570AD & traveled on desert camel caravans

the messages Muhammad received from God, written down, formed the Islamic holy book, called the ___

a device that helped people figure out where they were on Earth, & something Islamic astronomers and geographers used

an Islamic explorer who sailed to Africa, India, Spain, & China in the 1300s as Islamic people increased knowledge of geography

a benefit to the Islamic world's exploration and travel led to better & more accurate ___ of distant places

Islamic mathematicians created the math subject of ___, a class which some 7th graders at PMMS take

Islamic scientists created the first pharmacy school, which taught people how to create ___ to help sick people

2 rivers associated with Mesopotamia = ___ & _____

1 of the first 4 civilizations, today its in Pakistan/India

the Ancient Egyptians lived along the ___ River

the Egyptians were found in this continent

Mesopotamia, Indus River Valley, and Huang River people of Ancient China are found in this continent

the river associated with Ancient China

China's "Huang River" also means ___ River

the country of ___ is where archaeologists would find artifacts from the Huang River people

today, the country of ___ is where you'd find artifacts from the Ancient Egyptians

it means "land between the rivers", home of the Mesopotamians Sumerians ETC

mummies, pharaohs, hieroglyphics are associated with the ____ civilization

the belief in many gods

cuneiform was written on wet ___ and allowed to dry

it's hard to know much about the civilization of the Indus River because their ___ system isn't readable yet

Ancient China's writing has been found on turtle shells and animal ____

timeline: before the common era (the same as "B.C.")

timeline: common era (equal to "A.D.")

archaeologists search for and study for ____ of ancient civilizations,

to be a ___ people have to have writing, cities, government, farming, roads, religions, education, and recordkeeping

ancient civilizations used many ____, including bronze, gold, and silver

they were kings in Ancient Egypt, also living gods

____ pharahos was necessary for the Nile River people to travel to the afterlife (their religious belief)

the 1st civilizations used ___ to direct river water to their dry crop land

writing system for the Egyptians

the ancient civilizations all had some form of ___ involving many gods

horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, and chickens were all raised by people in the first civilizations

before civilization, people were ___ who only wandered in search of wild animals and plants to eat

words associated with the Nile River people, or the Ancient ____

words associated with the people of "Mesopotamia" or people who lived between the _____ and Euphrates Rivers

the Kushite land is a desert today, but was once more ___ or farmable

dark wood that was a popular trade good in Kush in northeast Africa

____ goods SENT OUT of Kush were gold, pottery, iron tools, slaves, ivory, leopard skins, & ostrich feathers

ivory comes from this animal

the Kush used the Nile River's water to farm or grow ____ like wheat & barley

the Kush ___ ___visited far-away places like Egypt, China, Greece, Southern Africa, & India

the animal that made Kush / West African trade across dry, desert land possible

the Kush built ___ like the Egyptians, but the Kush ones were narrower & taller

a cause of Kush's collapse was how their _____ (or cows) overgrazed the land

a cause of Kush's collapse might be how they cut down too many ____

Ebony is a kind of dark, heavy ___ that was traded in this part of Africa

not barley, but another grain the Kush grew alongside the Nile River

the tusk of an elephant, a white material popular in early African trade

when Egypt & Kush got along, Kush sent raw materials like gold, and ___ (people working against their will) to Egypt

Meroe was the main economic city of the ___ empire

when Aksum took over the Kush around AD350, they brought the religion of ___ with them

today the land where Nubia / Kush is located is a dry ____, but it used to be much more fertile

this Mali man was a hero because of the way he helped earn Mali's independence again

one way Sundiata helped Mali was to take over the same gold & ___ trade that Ghana also had

___ ___, the most famous ruler of Mali, when Mali reached its peak of wealth, power, & fame

walls & buildings in Timbuktu were built of dried ___ or dirt bricks, which means they could wash away in the rain

Mansa Musa wanted people in Mali to learn to read so they could read the ___, Islam's holy book, in Arabic

Islamic religious buildings, which Mansa Musa built in his kingdom to spread the faith

the language the Qur'an was written in, which people need to learn in order to read the Qur'an

in Songhai, Timbuktu drew 1000s of people to its ___ (or colleges), schools, libraries, & mosques

Songhai's collapsed when people from ___ in North Africa invaded (WITH GUNS) trying to get control of their salt mines

a reason Songhai was defeated was how their invaders had an early form of ___ called an arquebus

one way Sundiata helped Mali was to take over the same ___ & salt trade that Ghana also had

Ghana's population, towns, & villages grew because it was easy to grow ___ there (grains like wheat, millet)

____ was how West Africans traded without the buyer or seller seeing each other directly

trade center city located on the Niger River

with ___ over 100 degrees, this is 1 difficulty people faced crossing the Sahara

____ (like pirates or robbers) in the Sahara is a reason why trade across the Sahara was difficult

Ghana's army was so good compared to its neighbors because they had ___ spears, ___ points, and ___ blades while the neighbors had lesser weapons

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C

H

D

B

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a spectacular rock in the Australian outback (also called Ayers Rock)

the dry, light-populated center of Australia

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they include Tuvalu, Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Vanuatu, Kiribati, Nauru, Solomon Islands, etc

the native people of Australia who have lived there for 10,000+ years

the native people of New Zealand

the highest elected official in Australia & N.Z., not a president

Most Australians speak _____, but using vocabulary and pronunciation that differs from American or British ____

Australian ___ (or word choice) is similar in some ways to British ___, but some is different

a particular way of pronouncing things that sounds different from your own way, as in the "Aussie ____" or in America, a "Southern ____"

Australia's one of the world's 7 _____ (like North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Europe)

many Pacific Islanders earn an income from ____ from the vast oceans that surround them,

Aborigines and Maori people generally have less education and a lower ___ __ ___ than white people do

like most colonization in history, the Aborigines and Maori were treated ____ by the colonizing British

The British mistreated the ____ Aborigines, removing them from their land & pushing British customs on them

the ___ ___ controls several Pacific Islands today, like Guam, American Samoa, Northern Marianas Islands

The attitude that your own group, culture, or race is superior to all others

the forced or voluntary process in which 1 group takes the cultural traits of another (like the Maori learning English)

there was some ____ practiced in the Pacific, where Europeans forced islanders to work on sugar plantations or pick pineapples

the highest ____ EVER recorded in Antarctica is +58 degrees

the lowest temperature EVER recorded in Antarctica is -89 ____

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over 29,000 ft above sea level!

the rainy season in South Asia; weeks or months of huge rainfall

built as a burial place during India's Mughal Empire

most common religion in India

Hindu/Buddhist belief that the good or bad we do in our lives now affect our NEXT LIFE

People along the ___ ___ ___ were one of the world's first civilizations 3000 years ago

the Mauryan, Gupta, Mughal ____ were 3 of the many ____ in Indian history

Hindu is an Indian religion, Hindi is an Indian _____

to become free from a colonizing country; Gandhi wanted to be ___ from the British who treated his fellow Indians poorly

sailors from ____ reached India in the 1400s-1500s, picking up trade goods to bring back home to Europe

many in India are ____ (not meat-eaters) out of respect to their religious beliefs

Today, India and Pakistan both have ___ weapons

Indians traditionally are divided into 4 (or more) social classes, called the ___ system

less often today, but still common in India is an arranged ___, where parents point their daughter toward someone to be married to

China's ___ is over 1,300,000,000, largest in the world

China's one-child policy slowed population ___ a little, but its population is still increasing

___ percent of Chinese people live in the eastern half of the country, ten percent live in the west

___ (a grain) grows well in southeast China thanks to the rainy and warm weather

15% of China's land is arable, or good for ___

a way of farming on steep hillsides is to cut ___ into the mountain side, like stair steps

in 1911, the last ___ ended in China, ending thousands of years of emperors who inherited their power

in 1949, a __ war between the non-Communists & Communists ended in China

in 1949, the Communists led by __ ___ took control of China - his picture/statues are all over China now

under Mao,China's ___ owned all businesses, factories, farms, houses, land (COMMAND ECONOMY)

under Mao's Communism, ___ like speech, voting, & gathering in public to protest were restricted

Deng Ziaoping allowed China's ___ to modernize & privately-owned businesses were allowed

Deng Ziaoping opened China to ___ trade & investment, leading to Chinese Wal-Marts, Starbucks, & others

life for ___ Chinese citizens (opposite of urban) is still very hard, as unemployment + poverty are high

Communism officially discourages ___ (Communism=atheist) but some ___ do exist in China quietly

urbanization is a problem China has today, where ___ are grow too quickly & people are moving to, in search of jobs

China's rapid growth has led to lots of ___ in the air, land, & water

China's 1989 massacre of 100s or 1000s of protesters in ___ Square shocked the world

the ___ is censored heavily in China -- searching for "tiananmen square massacre" would give no results

people in Tiananmen Square in 1989 were protesting in favor of ___ and elections in China

Taiwan's capital

the two main ____ in China are the Yellow and Yangtze

under Communism, Chinese people lack the freedom of ____, so they can't say anything critical about their government