What is a common misconception about homeless individuals in Canada?

Most homeless people are addicted to drugs or alcohol

All homeless individuals choose to be in that situation

Homelessness only affects one demographic group

Homeless people never work or contribute to society

Which of the following is a misconception regarding how homeless people become homeless in Canada?

Most homeless individuals come from broken families

Everyone who is homeless has been incarcerated

Homelessness is solely caused by laziness

Most homeless individuals have a stable job

What is a common misconception about the mental health of homeless individuals in Canada?

Most homeless people suffer from serious mental illnesses

Mental illness is the only cause of homelessness

All homeless individuals are mentally stable

Mental health issues are rare among the homeless

What is a common misconception about the duration of homelessness in Canada?

Most homeless individuals are only temporarily homeless

Once someone is homeless, they will always be homeless

Most homeless people have been living on the streets for over a year

All homeless individuals move into shelters permanently

Which of the following is a misconception about the support systems available for homeless individuals in Canada?

There are many programs to help homeless people but they often go underutilized

There are no shelters or aid programs in Canada

Only government programs assist the homeless

All support services are overwhelmed and cannot help

What is a common misconception about the causes of homelessness in Canada?

Homelessness can result from a combination of factors

Homelessness is mainly caused by mental illness

Government policies have no impact on homelessness

All homeless individuals lost their jobs recently

Which of the following is a misconception about the demographics of homeless individuals in Canada?

Homelessness affects people of all ages and backgrounds

Only young people experience homelessness

Most homeless individuals are veterans

Only low-income individuals are homeless

What is a common misconception about the public perception of homeless individuals in Canada?

Most people believe that homeless individuals are to blame for their situation

All individuals support increased funding for homeless services

Most Canadians have never encountered a homeless person

Everyone thinks homeless people are dangerous

What is a common misconception about the lifestyles of homeless individuals in Canada?

Many homeless individuals have jobs but cannot afford housing

Most homeless people are unwilling to work

All homeless people live on the streets

Homeless individuals always receive government aid

Which of the following is a misconception about the reasons people become homeless in Canada?

Economic factors are a major cause of homelessness

Homelessness is solely caused by substance abuse

Homelessness occurs primarily due to lack of shelters

Only personal choices lead to homelessness

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History of policing Pre-confederation Mostly informal policing by community residents First police officers Quebec city, mid 17th century Upper Canada, early 19th century Mandate Police conflicts between ethinc groups and employes/labours Maintain moral standards (drunkenness, alcoholism) Apprehend criminals Provincal Police Force Response to disorder resulting form gold strikes in 19th century Replaced by RCMP during 20th century Currently, Ontario,Quebec and parts of Newfoundland have their own provincal police force History of RCMP North-Wesr Mounted Police Founded in 1873 Maintain law and order Ensure orderly settlement in prairies Many problems: desertion, resignation and improper conduct Replaced by Royal Canadain Mounted Police Police Today About 70,000 police officers across Canada 199 police officers per 100,000 population Lower than Scotland (337), England(244), U.S (238) NUmber increased over past decade NUmber of female officers increased 1 out of 5 officers is a women Contemporary Policing Structure of policing Four levels Federal, Provincial, municipal, and First nations Also public transportation police (railway, airport, and transit) Some municipalities have own forces E.g, Peel, Toronoto Others use provincial force detachments or RCMP detachments Royal Candanin Mounted Police Governed by Royal Canadian Mounted Pollcei Act (1985) Broad Range of policing activities, including federal policing and international peacekeppiong Contract Policing Provincial, territorial and municipal level Concerns about local oversight and accountability In but not of communities-difficult to ensure that RCMp detachments are responsive to communities Provincial Police Three forces Ontario Provincial Police Surete du Quebec (SQ) Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC) Other provinces contractually use the RCMP Responsibilities Police rural areas and areas outside municipalities Enforce provincial laws and Criminal Code Regional Police Amalgamated Forces E.g Peel region police and Halton Regional Police Force Provide Police Services to over Half of Ontarians Advantages Cheaper, more servies Disadvantages To centralized, not in touch with community Municipal Police Responsibilites Enforce Criminal Code, Provincal Statues, municipal by laws, some federal statues (e.g drugs) Largest number of officers of any level My be contracted to RCMP or Provincal force Costs are paid by the municipality First Nations Type of policing is negotiated by First Nations Commnity Autonomous reserve based First Nations Officers from RCMP or OPP Responsibilites Enforce Criminal Code, federal and provicanl statues, band bylaws Accountability Reserve based police commission or band council Private Security Services Two main types 1. Private Security Firms 2. Company based, in house security officers No more legal authority than ordinary citizens But can arrest and detain people who commit crimes on private property In Canada, Private security officers outnumber police officer by four to one Parapolice Extension of activities Lack of systems of oversight like transitional police Police Work POlicing The activities of any indivual or organization acting legally on behalf of public or private organizations or persons to maintain security or social order Pluralization of Policing The sharing between public and private security Legislative Framework Carry out tasks within a number of legislative frameworks, define role, powers/responsibilites Canadian charter of rights and freedoms- most impactful on power/actvites of police Provincial and municipal legislation - Status such as motor vehicle administration acts, highway traffic acts, liquor acts and provincial/musincpal police acts Democracy Governance Categories of Policing Recruitment and Training of police officers Police recruitment Recruiting Visible Minorites and Aboriginal People Special initvates and programs for youth, women and visible minorities PEACE (Police Ethnic and Cultureal Exchange) OPPBound (particpate in variety of activate with officer) Toronto POlice recruitment of Somali Officers Edmonton police uniforms that include a hijab Police Training Residential/non-residential academies, centralized and decentralized Physical and academic instruction, socilization into the police occupation Operational field traiing Hands-on application of principles learned in the academy Mentoship form senior officer Working Personality of Police officers Challenges of Police Work Work Enviroment Long hours and shift work Exposure to stressors, especially in high demand environments PTSD and burnout Work Organiztion Harassment of female officers Cumbersome of system of internal redress Summary A number of misconceptions arounds police work, including th emotion that most police work involves crime control A variety of influences on the roles and activities of the police Four levels of policing: federal, provincial, mnicipal and First Nations, each with different responsibilities

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