Question 1

Which of the following best explains the economic rationale for European colonialism and imperialism?

Accepted Answer

Competition among industrialized countries for raw materials and markets.

Answer

The need to diffuse industrialization to other locations.

Answer

The search for new mechanical innovations.

Answer

The need for more industrial workers.

Answer

The desire to help other countries.

Question 2

The machine manufacture of large quantities of identitical products is called

Accepted Answer

mass production

Answer

labor productivity

Answer

imperialism

Answer

mass consumption

Answer

wage labor

Question 3

Which of the following is not an explanation for the shift in power sources from water & wood to fossil fuels?

Accepted Answer

fossil fuels are widely available in every country

Answer

fossil fuels produce far more energy

Answer

fossil fuels are more transportable, allowing industry to locate in urban areas

Answer

the use of water power required proximity to rushing water, such as waterfalls and rapids

Answer

wood produces less energy than coal

Question 4

Steelmaking in the U.S. was centered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which had easy access to

Accepted Answer

nearby coalfields

Answer

markets

Answer

expanses of forests

Answer

a trained workforce

Answer

factories

Question 5

Compare the two images. What do the technologies shown demonstrate about the Industrial Revolution?

Accepted Answer

The increased transportation technology has enabled the diffusion and expansion of industrial activities.

Answer

The dependence on large quantities of steel has limited industrial growth to areas with high concentration of coal and iron.

Answer

Industrial centers must be built along rivers or waterways to facilitate the transportation of raw materials and finished goods.

Answer

The initial take-off stages of the Industrial Revolution focused solely on heavy, material-oriented industries.

Answer

Due to the cost of such large-scale industrial projects, industrialization has been unable to diffuse to developing countries.

Question 6

In the context of industrialization, how does the use of the building materials in Image 1 compare to the use of building materials in Image 2 ?

Accepted Answer

The development of the metals industry led to the construction of higher and longer bridges, a reduced need for stone as a building material, and rapid industrialization.

Answer

The change from stone to iron bridges had no impact on industrialization because stone was readily available and stronger than iron.

Answer

The change from stone to iron bridges created a great demand by Europeans for bridges because iron bridges were less expensive to build.

Answer

The scarcity in stone for building bridges facilitated the need to import new materials such as iron, leading to globalization and the rise of industrialization in Europe.

Answer

Bridges of stone were not constructed in Europe until modern times because the use of iron as a building material developed in the United States and did not diffuse to Europe until the early twentieth century.

Question 7

The two images illustrate advancements in technology resulting from the Industrial Revolution. Comparing the images, which of the following statements best illustrates an impact of the Industrial Revolution on society?

Accepted Answer

The invention of the steam engine and the construction of steel bridges to carry trains across various physical features led to ever-increasing demand for the materials and labor to build more trains and tracks.

Answer

Industrialization technologies were applied to agriculture and to the transportation of agricultural products to widespread markets that led to greater food supplies and a surge in the population.

Answer

One major unintended change that came with industrialization was the standardization of time in order to provide nationwide schedules that were an aid to improving the efficiency of train travel in the United States.

Answer

The Industrial Revolution was largely a change in economic activity that brought wealth to industrialists but did not significantly alter the landscape.

Answer

Improvements in technology effectively shrank transportation times, but intervening obstacles such as rivers and canyons lessened the efficiencies of travel by rail.

Question 8

Using the data in Table 2, which of the following terms best describes the median household income distribution among the five boroughs?

Accepted Answer

uneven development

Answer

gender inequality

Answer

informal economies

Answer

comparative advantage

Answer

economies of scale

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