Before the 1600s, institutional confinement usually served functions other than punishment for criminal behavior. Six examples are listed in your textbook, and three of these are listed below. Which of the following is NOT one of these examples?

The closest European forerunner of the modern U.S. prison was known as:

Which of the following was designed for younger, less hardened offenders, between 16 and 30 years of age?

Most early women's prison employed ____, as distinguished from the ____ of men's prisons.

Originally, big-house prisons:

One confinement alternative to traditional incarceration is ____, which is the placement of offenders in facilities patterned after ____.

Which of the following states is the first state to allow female prisoners to work on chain gangs?

At the beginning of 2011, the states and the federal government combined operated about _________ adult prisons

Over the last 200 years, Americans have developed a tradition of strong reliance on the prison to control crime. The result is that it:

When offenders are sentenced to the custody of the department of corrections in most states, they are transported initially to a:

Men's prisons are often distinguished from one another by:

In recent years, incarceration rates for females in the United States have ____ incarceration rates for males.

Co-correctional prisons are usually____, and security is typically ____.

A(n) ____ is a very short-term (for instance, 24- to 48-hour) holding facility.

A ____ is a facility that holds convicted offenders and unconvicted persons for relatively short periods of up to one year.

Inmates who are vulnerable to assault by other inmates may be designated for:

Most institutions have elaborate____, in which staff learn from inmate informants about the presence of contraband, the potential for disruptions, and other threats to security.

Your textbook describes four types of rehabilitation programs that are commonly offered within institutions. Three are listed below. Which of the following is NOT one of the types listed in your text?

Group counseling is more popular than individual counseling in institutional settings, primarily because:

Rather than having inmates attend periodic group sessions (one or two hourly sessions per week), ____encompasses the total living environment of inmates so that the environment continually encourages positive behavioral change.

We usually think of rehabilitation programs as serving one main objective. Which of the following is that main objective?

Which of the following states that prisoners should receive no service or program superior to the services and programs available to free citizens without charge?

Research has determined that although no single type of treatment can be identified as the most effective, one feature that seems to characterize programs that consistently reduce offender recidivism is:

Which of the following has NOT been found about private correctional facilities?

Which of the following countries consistently has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world?

Which of the following is the special supermaximum-security prison built for the war on terrorism?

For which of the following purposes is most of jail funding used?

Which of the following is NOT a function of jails?

Which of the following types of jails is built in a linear design, in which inmates live together in cells, dormitories, or “tanks,” and guards at regular intervals walk up and down the corridors or “catwalks” and observe inmates.

In which of the following types of jails do correctional officers constantly supervise inmates from secure control booths that overlook inmate living areas?

In which of the following types of jails are there no physical barriers between correctional officers and inmates?

Which of the following is a reason for the problems that plague jails?

Which of the following has research shown to be an advantage of direct-supervision jails?

The reformatory was a walled prison with large cellblocks that contained stacks of three or more tiers of one- or two-man cells.

The recent increase in prison construction across the nation of late has managed to keep pace with the increase in prison populations.

As of the end of 2005, there were 1.5 million prisoners in state and federal prisons, including local and military housed prisoners.

The majority of federal inmates are serving time for drug offenses.

Classification is a one-time process that occurs at the beginning of an inmate's sentence.

An inmate's custody level indicates the degree of precaution that needs to be taken when working with that inmate.

A strategy pursued in a few jurisdictions has been to replace the traditional jail with a new-generation jail.

Most prisons permit conjugal visits.

A large portion of the maintenance and repair work in institutions is performed by inmates as part of their job assignments.

Some states do not pay inmates for their work.