Earth was hot when it formed. A lot of Earth’s heat was generated during its early formation. This internal heat energy is called Primordial Heat

The mantle and asthenosphere are considerably colder than the lithosphere, and the core is much hotter than the mantle.

Crust-mantle boundary: 3,700°C

is the direct transfer of heat from one molecule to an adjacent one.  

Convection is typically driven by temperature differences and it is the main heat transfer that occurs at the mantle.

Sunlight is a form of conduction that is radiated through space to our planet without the aid of fluids or solids.

There are no particles between the Sun and the Earth so it CANNOT travel by conduction or by convection.

MAGMA melts approximately

______ km below the Earth surface.

____________________All other things being equal, every mineral has a distinct melting point. In the mantle, heat is brought upward by convection.

Pressure- All other things being equal, the greater the pressure, the less likely materials are to melt.

Volatile substances - Generally, the addition of substances like water or CO2 to a mineral lowers its melting point.

Rocks from the lithosphere melt due to the hot materials in the mantle. Rising mantle rocks melt due to the decreasing pressure.

ACTIVE HOTSPOT (MANTLE PLUME)-Rocks in the atmosphere melt because of the rising hot mantle rocks that heat the lithosphere.

PLATE SUBDUCTION ZONE- The Lithosphere (with rocks) is pulled down in the mantle which is hot.

Intrusive rocks ALSO CALLED plutonism.