Loading...
Motor System Lesions
Quiz by OASIS
Customize this quiz to suit your class
Instantly translate to 100+ languages
Tag the questions with any skills you have. Your dashboard will track each student's mastery of each skill.
Give this quiz to my class
The advantage of direct method is that the teacher can control the class and fit in a lot of activity into a short class period. This leaves plenty of opportunities for the students to hone their skills, especially new ones. On the other hand, because the class is centered around the teacher, some students may not receive proper feedback, and creativity is limited. Also, the lesser talented athletes often tend to get lost in the shuffle while the great athletes shine. However, there are now a multitude of various teaching strategies that can be employed in addition to that method. Ex: Announcements, Module/Unit introductions, Descriptions/modeling of assignments and learning activities, Written or video lectures, Demonstration videos, Presentations, Discussions moderated by instructors, Interactive tutorials. Indirect Method The Indirect Teaching Style allows students to be involved in their own learning through experience and other peer’s knowledge. Students can use critical thinking to expand their learning capabilities by seeing what others may be doing correct and adjusting this to their own knowledge. The Indirect approach is the opposite of what the direct style suggests, but they are both strictly related, meaning you can’t have one without the other. Direct teaching: The instructor stands in front of the class or group and lectures or advises. Indirect teaching: The instructor assumes a more passive role and guides the student interactions. Movement exploration: Incorporates the use of equipment that involves movement. Movement Exploration The movement exploration class is founded on developing a strong, positive association to physical activity. Classes are aimed at developing movement skills and foundational strength through fun and engaging activities. The activities are age appropriate and include games, challenges, and exploration that positively challenge children’s competency while improving their physical capabilities. Skills such as the ability to climb, hold animal shapes, gymnastic style activities, and the introduction to athletic motor skill competencies are the foundations to youth training. This class provides the introduction to strength training to give children the opportunity to learn the skills required to safely and confidently engage in resistance training. Cooperative Skills Cooperative activities teach students to work together for their group's common good. By participating in these activities, students can learn the skills of listening, discussing, thinking as a group, group decision making, and sacrificing individual wants for the common good. There are two primary objectives guiding the teaching of cooperative activities. First, cooperative activities allow students to apply a variety of fundamental motor skills in a unique setting. Students are typically asked to perform motor skills in a specific way, such as “skip in general space” or “balance on one foot and one elbow.” Cooperative activities ask students to perform different activities such as skip with their hands on the shoulders of someone in front of them, walk with big steps while placing their feet on small spots, or walk across an area blindfolded while someone directs their moves. Due to the uniqueness of such experiences, students often find cooperative activities exciting and motivating. Second, cooperative activities are a wonderful medium for teaching social and emotional learning (SEL). SEL offers students an opportunity to understand and manage their emotions. In addition, such activities offer an opportunity to show empathy for others and develop positive relationships. Cooperative activities demand that all students play a role in completing the task or solving the movement problem. Every student, regardless of ability level, is important and contributes to group goals. 9 traits a PE teacher often needs Here are nine essential traits of an effective PE teacher: 1. Athletic ability Athletic ability is an essential trait for a PE teacher because they're often showing kids how to perform exercises. To demonstrate proper form and encourage the kids to continue their fitness education, it's important they can perform the exercises themselves. Having experience with fitness training can enhance a PE teacher's lesson planning because they're familiar with how each exercise affects a person's body. Athletic ability can also refer to an aptitude for sports and games. PE teachers can instruct students on how to play these games or lead after-school activities involving them, like soccer or basketball. An aptitude for sports and games can help a PE teacher encourage students to participate in the activities during class. If the PE teacher enjoys physical activity, they may make the lessons more enjoyable for the student. 2. Teaching ability A PE teacher is a member of a school faculty, so it's essential they have the teaching ability that allows them to communicate lessons to students. There are various skills involved in teaching, including the technical capabilities associated with each professional's particular field. Learning these skills can help PE teacher plan their lessons effectively and connect with their students, meaning they can encourage students to practice fitness skills in optimal ways for their health. Here are some important teaching skills for PE teachers: Having an engaging classroom presence  Real-world learning  Project building  Lesson planning  Technology 3. Interpersonal skills PE coaches are part of faculty teams, so working alongside other teachers is an essential part of their job. They often collaborate with a student's general education teacher to address any behavioral issues that arise. They can also team up with other classes to plan activities for students, like field days and special field trips. Communicating with peers can ensure these interactions remain productive and create opportunities for more fulfilling lessons. Teachers can also model emotional skills for their students by displaying positive social interactions. Interpersonal skills can also help PE teachers interact with students and their families. If a student can make a student feel comfortable expressing their needs and preferences, they can often perform physical exercises or play games to the best of their individual capacities. Understanding how to soothe nerves and support students' emotional needs are important examples of interpersonal skills. When interacting with family members, you may use some of these same techniques to communicate effectively and best uplift students. 4. Written and verbal communication Both verbal and written communication is important for PE teachers because they often communicate with students, families and various personnel on a day-to-day basis. For example, a PE teacher uses their communication skills in a lesson plan to describe any student assignments or expectations accurately. They may also write instructions in a document, then explain them in a classroom lecture. They also use communication skills to share their lesson plans with other PE teachers during conferences or classroom development exercises. Many teachers continue to learn their trade even after working as a teacher for many years. They may share tips with each other or special lessons they've developed if they feel another teacher may benefit from it. Creating a community can help PE teachers continue to expand their teaching methodology and receive feedback on their lessons. 5. Patience and adaptability Working with children can require patience and adaptability because they're encountering many new concepts at the same time and learning how to regulate their emotions. As a result, it's important to treat them with patience and care while they're in your class so they can feel comfortable and feel motivated to complete assignments. As children become teenagers, they may require patience and adaptability to account for their changing bodies and attention spans. Like any job where you perform tasks in real-time, certain circumstances may occur that require you to adapt lesson plans. For example, if the weather turns from sunshine to rain on a day you planned for students to run a mile outside, you may need to adapt the lesson plan so they can practice endurance sports inside a gymnasium instead. 6. Organization PE teachers can use organization skills to improve their lesson planning sessions. For example, they can keep their plans in one place, and determine which parts of a semester or quarter to introduce new concepts. Throughout the year, these objectives may change because of unforeseen setbacks, but organizational skills can help PE teachers control the trajectory of their class curriculum. PE teachers can also use organizational skills to maintain their classroom space. Physical education frequently requires balls, equipment and tools to play games that may be on a lesson plan. They also organize equipment and decide where to store it within their classroom or storage space. 7. Creativity Creativity can help a PE teacher develop fun ways to introduce new material to their students or reinforce previous lessons. They can teach new games or devise interesting ideas to change the rules of a game to help keep students engaged. To find inspiration for their lesson plans, they can turn to personal hobbies or media aspects they enjoy, like movie scenes, songs or dances. A varied lesson plan can foster more engagement among students who prefer action- based learning activities, rather than lectures. 8. Focus Focus is an essential trait of a PE teacher because students often require their full attention during class, especially if they're learning a complicated physical task. You can focus your lesson plans around specific elements of physical education you believe are essential for students of a certain age group or skill level. If students require mentorship, you can also focus on each student's needs to supply them with a steady support system. Focusing on your students can help guide your career purpose. It can give you a core value system that informs your lesson plans and mentorship activities. This passion for your student's well-being can also help you become an advocate for each student in your class. You can also help organize funding for different field trips or establish after-school activities to support their interests. 9. Enthusiasm for teaching sports and fitness Enthusiasm is essential for a PE teacher. Many physical education activities require high energy and may suit someone who enjoys teaching them to others. Being an effective PE teacher also requires an enthusiasm for working with kids and making a positive impact on their lives.Motor System OverviewModels of the motor systemLide 1: Introduction to Bioreactor A bioreactor is a vessel used for growing microorganisms, plant or animal cells Provides controlled conditions for biological reactions Maintains optimum pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrients Widely used in fermentation, enzyme, vaccine, and antibiotic production Ensures sterile and aseptic environment Scale ranges from laboratory to industrial production Slide 2: Basic Design Requirements of a Bioreactor Must be constructed with non-toxic, corrosion-resistant materials Should allow effective mixing and mass transfer Provision for sterilization (in situ sterilization) Must maintain uniform temperature and pH Easy sampling without contamination Should support scalability and automation Slide 3: Materials Used in Bioreactor Construction Stainless steel (SS-316) for industrial bioreactors Glass for laboratory-scale bioreactors Plastic (polycarbonate) for disposable bioreactors Materials must withstand heat and pressure Should be smooth to prevent microbial attachment Resistant to chemicals and cleaning agents Slide 4: Main Parts of a Bioreactor Vessel: holds the culture medium and microorganisms Agitator (impeller): provides mixing Sparger: supplies sterile air Baffles: prevent vortex formation Sensors: monitor pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen Ports: used for inoculation, sampling, and feeding Slide 5: Agitation System Ensures uniform mixing of nutrients and cells Improves oxygen transfer rate Common impellers: Rushton turbine, marine propeller Speed controlled by motor Prevents settling of cells Affects shear stress on cells Slide 6: Aeration System Supplies oxygen for aerobic fermentation Air introduced through sparger Types of spargers: ring, nozzle, sintered Maintains dissolved oxygen concentration Air is filtered for sterility Essential for high cell density cultures Slide 7: Temperature and pH Control Temperature controlled by heating/cooling jackets pH maintained using acid or alkali addition Sensors continuously monitor parameters Automated control systems used Ensures optimal microbial growth Prevents enzyme denaturation Slide 8: Foam Control System Foam formed due to protein and agitation Excess foam reduces oxygen transfer Mechanical foam breakers used Chemical antifoam agents added Foam sensor detects foam formation Maintains efficient fermentation Slide 9: Types of Bioreactors – Based on Mode of Operation Batch bioreactor Fed-batch bioreactor Continuous bioreactor Choice depends on product type Widely used in industrial fermentation Controls productivity and yield Slide 10: Batch Bioreactor All nutrients added at the beginning No addition or removal during process Simple and easy to operate Low risk of contamination Used for antibiotics and enzymes Limited control over nutrient depletion Slide 11: Fed-Batch Bioreactor Nutrients added during fermentation Prevents substrate inhibition High product yield Widely used in industrial fermentation Allows better control of growth rate Used in insulin and enzyme production Slide 12: Continuous Bioreactor Fresh medium continuously added Culture removed at same rate Maintains steady-state conditions High productivity Risk of contamination is high Used in wastewater treatment and SCP production Slide 13: Types of Bioreactors – Based on Design Stirred tank bioreactor Airlift bioreactor Bubble column bioreactor Packed bed bioreactor Fluidized bed bioreactor Photobioreactor Slide 14: Stirred Tank Bioreactor (STR) Most commonly used bioreactor Mechanical agitation using impellers Suitable for aerobic fermentation Excellent mixing and oxygen transfer Used for bacteria and fungi Easy scale-up Slide 15: Airlift Bioreactor Mixing achieved by air circulation No mechanical agitator Low shear stress Energy efficient Suitable for shear-sensitive cells Used in wastewater treatment Slide 16: Bubble Column Bioreactor Air bubbles provide mixing Simple design and low cost No moving parts Limited mixing efficiency Used for microbial fermentation Suitable for large-scale operations Slide 17: Packed Bed Bioreactor Contains immobilized cells or enzymes Substrate flows through packed matrix High cell density Used in continuous processes Limited oxygen transfer Used in enzyme and wastewater treatment Slide 18: Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Immobilized particles kept in suspension Better mass transfer than packed bed Reduced clogging Suitable for continuous operation Used in biotransformations Higher operational complexity Slide 19: Photobioreactor Designed for photosynthetic organisms Provides light source Used for algae and cyanobacteria Controls light, CO₂, and temperature Used in biofuel and pigment production Can be tubular or flat-plate design Slide 20: Applications of Bioreactors Production of antibiotics and vaccines Enzyme and organic acid production Single cell protein production Wastewater treatment Biofertilizer and biopesticide production Biopharmaceutical manufacturingHistory of policing Pre-confederation Mostly informal policing by community residents First police officers Quebec city, mid 17th century Upper Canada, early 19th century Mandate Police conflicts between ethinc groups and employes/labours Maintain moral standards (drunkenness, alcoholism) Apprehend criminals Provincal Police Force Response to disorder resulting form gold strikes in 19th century Replaced by RCMP during 20th century Currently, Ontario,Quebec and parts of Newfoundland have their own provincal police force History of RCMP North-Wesr Mounted Police Founded in 1873 Maintain law and order Ensure orderly settlement in prairies Many problems: desertion, resignation and improper conduct Replaced by Royal Canadain Mounted Police Police Today About 70,000 police officers across Canada 199 police officers per 100,000 population Lower than Scotland (337), England(244), U.S (238) NUmber increased over past decade NUmber of female officers increased 1 out of 5 officers is a women Contemporary Policing Structure of policing Four levels Federal, Provincial, municipal, and First nations Also public transportation police (railway, airport, and transit) Some municipalities have own forces E.g, Peel, Toronoto Others use provincial force detachments or RCMP detachments Royal Candanin Mounted Police Governed by Royal Canadian Mounted Pollcei Act (1985) Broad Range of policing activities, including federal policing and international peacekeppiong Contract Policing Provincial, territorial and municipal level Concerns about local oversight and accountability In but not of communities-difficult to ensure that RCMp detachments are responsive to communities Provincial Police Three forces Ontario Provincial Police Surete du Quebec (SQ) Royal Newfoundland Constabulary (RNC) Other provinces contractually use the RCMP Responsibilities Police rural areas and areas outside municipalities Enforce provincial laws and Criminal Code Regional Police Amalgamated Forces E.g Peel region police and Halton Regional Police Force Provide Police Services to over Half of Ontarians Advantages Cheaper, more servies Disadvantages To centralized, not in touch with community Municipal Police Responsibilites Enforce Criminal Code, Provincal Statues, municipal by laws, some federal statues (e.g drugs) Largest number of officers of any level My be contracted to RCMP or Provincal force Costs are paid by the municipality First Nations Type of policing is negotiated by First Nations Commnity Autonomous reserve based First Nations Officers from RCMP or OPP Responsibilites Enforce Criminal Code, federal and provicanl statues, band bylaws Accountability Reserve based police commission or band council Private Security Services Two main types 1. Private Security Firms 2. Company based, in house security officers No more legal authority than ordinary citizens But can arrest and detain people who commit crimes on private property In Canada, Private security officers outnumber police officer by four to one Parapolice Extension of activities Lack of systems of oversight like transitional police Police Work POlicing The activities of any indivual or organization acting legally on behalf of public or private organizations or persons to maintain security or social order Pluralization of Policing The sharing between public and private security Legislative Framework Carry out tasks within a number of legislative frameworks, define role, powers/responsibilites Canadian charter of rights and freedoms- most impactful on power/actvites of police Provincial and municipal legislation - Status such as motor vehicle administration acts, highway traffic acts, liquor acts and provincial/musincpal police acts Democracy Governance Categories of Policing Recruitment and Training of police officers Police recruitment Recruiting Visible Minorites and Aboriginal People Special initvates and programs for youth, women and visible minorities PEACE (Police Ethnic and Cultureal Exchange) OPPBound (particpate in variety of activate with officer) Toronto POlice recruitment of Somali Officers Edmonton police uniforms that include a hijab Police Training Residential/non-residential academies, centralized and decentralized Physical and academic instruction, socilization into the police occupation Operational field traiing Hands-on application of principles learned in the academy Mentoship form senior officer Working Personality of Police officers Challenges of Police Work Work Enviroment Long hours and shift work Exposure to stressors, especially in high demand environments PTSD and burnout Work Organiztion Harassment of female officers Cumbersome of system of internal redress Summary A number of misconceptions arounds police work, including th emotion that most police work involves crime control A variety of influences on the roles and activities of the police Four levels of policing: federal, provincial, mnicipal and First Nations, each with different responsibilities Berpikir Komputasional-Himpunan dan sistem bilangan Tujuan Pembelajaran: Melalui pengamatan dan diskusi kelompok, peserta didik dapat mengklasifikasikan objek ke dalam himpunan dan memahami konsep dasar sistem bilangan biner. "Anak-anak, coba lihat di dalam kelas ini. Ada banyak sekali benda, kan? Ada meja, kursi, papan tulis, spidol, tas, buku, dan juga kita semua sebagai siswa." "Sekarang, coba bayangkan jika kalian diminta untuk merapikan semua benda ini. Apa yang akan kalian lakukan pertama kali? Pasti kalian akan mengelompokkannya, bukan? Buku dikumpulkan dengan buku, alat tulis dengan alat tulis. Nah, tanpa sadar, kalian baru saja melakukan apa yang disebut klasifikasi atau membuat himpunan!" "Aktivitas sederhana seperti ini ternyata adalah dasar dari cara komputer berpikir. Hari ini kita akan belajar bagaimana komputer mengelompokkan informasi dan apa 'bahasa' rahasia yang digunakannya." B. Kegiatan Inti (Materi & Diskusi) BAGIAN 1: KLASIFIKASI OBJEK KE DALAM HIMPUNAN 1. Apa itu Himpunan? Himpunan adalah kumpulan benda atau objek yang memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama atau didefinisikan dengan jelas. Kuncinya adalah "ciri-ciri yang sama". • Contoh Himpunan: o Himpunan siswa kelas 8A. o Himpunan alat tulis (pulpen, pensil, penghapus). o Himpunan buah-buahan berwarna merah (apel, stroberi, ceri). • Bukan Contoh Himpunan: o Kumpulan lukisan yang indah (karena "indah" itu relatif, tidak jelas ukurannya). o Kumpulan makanan yang lezat. Mengapa ini penting untuk komputer? Komputer menyimpan jutaan data. Agar mudah ditemukan dan diolah, komputer harus mengklasifikasikannya ke dalam himpunan. • Himpunan file gambar (.jpg, .png). • Himpunan file dokumen (.docx, .pdf). • Himpunan aplikasi di HP-mu. 2. Diskusi Kelompok: Mari Mengklasifikasi! Instruksi untuk Siswa: 1. Bentuklah kelompok yang terdiri dari 3-4 orang. 2. Amati daftar objek/kata di bawah ini: Kucing, Sepeda Motor, Apel, Mawar, Ikan, Mobil, Mangga, Melati, Anjing, Pesawat, Jeruk, Anggrek. 3. Diskusikan dan klasifikasikan objek-objek tersebut ke dalam 3 himpunan berdasarkan ciri-ciri yang kalian tentukan sendiri. 4. Beri nama untuk setiap himpunan yang kalian buat. 5. Tuliskan hasilnya di buku catatan. Contoh Hasil Diskusi (Guru bisa memberikan contoh): • Himpunan 1: Hewan o Anggota: {Kucing, Ikan, Anjing} • Himpunan 2: Kendaraan o Anggota: {Sepeda Motor, Mobil, Pesawat} • Himpunan 3: Tumbuhan o Anggota: {Apel, Mawar, Mangga, Melati, Jeruk, Anggrek} Setelah diskusi, setiap kelompok mempresentasikan hasil klasifikasinya. Guru memberikan apresiasi dan menekankan bahwa klasifikasi adalah langkah pertama dalam Berpikir Komputasional, yaitu mengorganisir data. BAGIAN 2: MEMAHAMI KONSEP DASAR BILANGAN BINER 1. Bahasa Manusia vs. Bahasa Komputer Kita berbicara dengan kata-kata. Komputer tidak mengerti kata "halo" atau "mainkan musik". Komputer hanya mengerti dua kondisi: NYALA atau MATI. Bayangkan saklar lampu di rumahmu. • Ketika lampu NYALA, kita sebut kondisi ini 1. • Ketika lampu MATI, kita sebut kondisi ini 0. Inilah bahasa komputer! Bahasa yang hanya terdiri dari angka 1 dan 0 ini disebut Sistem Bilangan Biner. Semua hal yang kamu lihat di layar—huruf, foto, video, game—sebenarnya adalah rangkaian panjang dari angka 1 dan 0. 2. Mengapa Biner Penting? Komputer terbuat dari jutaan komponen elektronik super kecil yang disebut transistor. Transistor ini bekerja seperti saklar lampu. • Jika ada aliran listrik, nilainya 1. • Jika tidak ada aliran listrik, nilainya 0. Dengan kombinasi jutaan saklar 1 dan 0 ini, komputer bisa merepresentasikan informasi yang sangat rumit. 3. Mengenal Angka Biner Sederhana Mari kita coba hitung seperti komputer! • Mengenal Angka Biner Sederhana Angka 0 dalam desimal = 0 dalam biner. • Angka 1 dalam desimal = 1 dalam biner. • Angka 2 dalam desimal = 10 dalam biner (dibaca: satu-nol). o Kenapa? Karena di biner tidak ada angka 2. Setelah 1, harus kembali ke 0 dengan menaikkan digit di depannya. • Angka 3 dalam desimal = 11 dalam biner (dibaca: satu-satu). • Angka 4 dalam desimal = 100 dalam biner (dibaca: satu-nol-nol). Aktivitas Pengamatan: Guru menunjukkan sebuah gambar atau video singkat tentang bagaimana data direpresentasikan dalam biner. (Misalnya, animasi huruf 'A' yang berubah menjadi kode biner 01000001). Diskusi Singkat: "Menurut kalian, apa keuntungan menggunakan sistem biner yang hanya punya dua simbol ini untuk mesin seperti komputer?" (Arahkan jawaban siswa ke ide tentang kesederhanaan, kejelasan (pasti antara nyala atau mati, tidak ada nilai di antaranya), dan kemudahan untuk diwakili oleh komponen listrik). C. Kegiatan Akhir (Penutup) Rangkuman dan Refleksi "Hari ini kita sudah belajar dua hal penting dalam Berpikir Komputasional:" 1. Klasifikasi Himpunan: Sama seperti kita mengelompokkan benda di kelas, komputer mengelompokkan data agar teratur dan mudah diakses. Ini adalah dasar dari manajemen data. 2. Sistem Bilangan Biner: Kita tahu sekarang bahwa bahasa asli komputer adalah biner (1 dan 0), yang mewakili kondisi NYALA dan MATI dari komponen listrik di dalamnya. Ini adalah dasar dari representasi data. "Jadi, setiap kali kalian mencari file di laptop atau menyalakan HP, ingatlah bahwa di baliknya ada proses klasifikasi himpunan dan jutaan angka 1 dan 0 yang sedang bekerja!" 📌 Kesimpulan 1. Himpunan adalah kumpulan objek yang jelas ciri-cirinya. Konsep himpunan membantu kita mengelompokkan data agar lebih teratur, sama seperti komputer mengelompokkan file berdasarkan jenisnya. 2. Klasifikasi merupakan langkah penting dalam berpikir komputasional karena memudahkan pengolahan data. Contohnya, komputer mengelompokkan file gambar, dokumen, dan aplikasi ke dalam himpunan masing-masing. 3. Sistem Bilangan Biner (0 dan 1) adalah bahasa dasar komputer. Angka 1 mewakili kondisi nyala (ada aliran listrik), sedangkan angka 0 mewakili kondisi mati (tidak ada aliran listrik). 4. Dengan kombinasi jutaan angka 1 dan 0, komputer mampu menyimpan, mengolah, dan menampilkan informasi yang kompleks, seperti teks, gambar, video, dan suara. 5. Klasifikasi data dan sistem biner adalah fondasi utama cara kerja komputer dan menjadi dasar dari teknologi digital yang kita gunakan sehari-hari. ✨ Refleksi 1. Saya menyadari bahwa proses sederhana seperti mengelompokkan benda di sekitar kita ternyata sama pentingnya dengan cara komputer mengorganisir data dalam bentuk himpunan. 2. Saya belajar bahwa komputer sebenarnya tidak rumit, karena hanya menggunakan bahasa sederhana berupa 0 dan 1, tetapi dari kesederhanaan itu lahirlah teknologi canggih yang kita gunakan setiap hari. 3. Saya akan berusaha lebih teliti dan teratur dalam mengklasifikasikan informasi, baik dalam belajar maupun kehidupan sehari-hari, karena hal itu membantu berpikir lebih sistematis. 4. Saya merasa kagum bahwa sesuatu yang kita anggap kecil, seperti sistem biner, ternyata menjadi dasar seluruh teknologi modern, dari smartphone, komputer, hingga internet. 5. Saya ingin menerapkan cara berpikir komputasional ini untuk memecahkan masalah sehari-hari: mulai dari mengelompokkan tugas, mengatur jadwal, hingga menyederhanakan masalah yang rumit agar lebih mudah diselesaikan.Types of motors and controls systems and how they work. mechanical and electrical properties of motors, porgramming of variable speed drives and parameters, soft start motorsmotor