Nephrotic syndrome

A 53-year-old diabetic and smoker male presents with worsening peripheral oedema over the last 2 months,  together with significant weight loss. Blood showed:Hb 115 g/L Male: (135-180, Creatinine 130 µmol/L (55 - 120), Albumin 23 g/L (35 - 50)

CRP 45 mg/L (< 5), HbA1c 48mmol/mol (<48) . CXR showed a peripheral, well-circumscribed lesion on his right lung. Renal biopsy confirmed findings of membranous nephropathy. Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies were negative. What is the most likely cause of his membranous nephropathy?

A35_yar_old lady known case of nephrotic syndrome secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. Her urine output dropped suddenly, and further investigation demonstrated the deterioration of her renal function. Renal ultrasound showed renal artery stenosis.

what is the likely underlying cause for the patient's condition?

A 39-year-old man with nephrotic syndrome due to membranous glomerulonephritis. He has no relevant past medical history and is not currently taking any medication. Investigations rule out the possibility of an infectious, autoimmune or malignant primary cause. Which further investigation is most likely to identify the diagnosis?68%13%ELISA test9%

A 15-year-old boy presents with facial swelling that started five days ago. Two weeks ago, he had a sore throat that resolved spontaneously. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), his pulse is 107/min, and his blood pressure is 94/67 mm Hg. Examination shows pitting oedema of the upper and lower extremities as well as periorbital oedema. The abdomen is mildly distended. Laboratory studies show Low albumin, high cholesterol and proteinuria.

A renal biopsy of this patient is most likely to show which of the following findings?

A 20-year-old  man presents with swelling of his face and legs for 5 days. He had   an episode of sore throat 2 weeks ago. His temperature is 37°C , pulse is 90/min, and blood pressure is 145/87 mm Hg. Examination shows periorbital edema and 3+ pitting edema of the lower extremities. Laboratory studies showed:

Albumin 2.4 g/dL

Hepatitis B surface antigen-positive

Hepatitis B surface antibody negative

Complement C4 decreased

Further evaluation is most likely to show which of the following additional findings

A 35-year-old man known case of HIV presented with  progressive swelling of his legs over the past 2 months. He was diagnosed as a case of nephrotic syndrome.

A kidney biopsy is most likely to show which of the following findings under light microscopy?

A 16-year-old man presents with facial puffiness, lower limb oedema and frothy urine.   Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely contributing to this patient’s clinical presentation? 

A 14-year-old male with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma presents with leg swelling.  On physical exam he is noted to have bilateral periorbital edema and 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities. Urinalysis demonstrates 4+ protein and is negative for blood. The patient subsequently undergoes a kidney biopsy. Which of the following findings is most likely to be observed on electron microscopy?

A 25-year-old man presents with decreased urination, decreased appetite, fatigue and generalized oedema for a week. Medical history includes HIV infection. Laboratory tests show: serum albumin is 2.6 g/dL, LDL is 200 mg/dL, an HDL is 28 mg/dL, triglycerides are 525 mg/dL, and creatinine is 2.5 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?

A 36-year-old man presents with progressive swelling in all of his limbs for the past month.  His current medications include ibuprofen for chronic back pain. Physical examination shows a palpable liver edge 2cm below the right costal margin and anasarca. Laboratory blood studies are positive for the presence of HBsAg and negative for Anti-HBsAg. Urinalysis shows 4+ protein and a follow-up 24-hour urine collection shows a loss of 4.1g of protein. A kidney biopsy is performed and shows thickened capillaries and glomerular basement membrane on light microscopy with subepithelial deposits seen on electron microscopy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 30-year-old lady presents with progressive swelling of her face and legs for 2 weeks. Examination shows 3+ pitting oedema in both lower extremities. Urinalysis shows 4+ protein. Past medical history is significant for type I diabetes. Which of the following is the most appropriate test to confirm the diagnosis?Elimination toolA.    B.Complete blood count C.    D.

A 50-year-old man presents with foamy urine for 6 weeks. His medical history includes osteoarthritis, gout, and type II diabetes mellitus. Examination shows decreased fine sensation on both feet bilaterally and a leg ulcer.  Laboratory investigations show there are no erythrocytes on urinalysis, and that the albumin/creatinine ratio is 42 mg/mmol.

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?