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Nets of 3D figures
Quiz by Bethaney Wright
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How to Stop Avalanches ToB A major concern of ski resorts is avalanche control. Most avalanches occur outside the boundaries of the regular groomed ski runs. But each year, skiers and trekkers on snowshoes go into these remote areas where most avalanches occur. There are two primary ways to prevent avalanches-by blasting the snow with explosives, or by erecting snow fences. Explosives Explosives are primarily used to prevent avalanches, especially at ski resorts where other methods are often impractical. Maintenance staff from the ski resort travel to potential avalanche areas and areas with steep slopes. First, they measure the depth of the snow and its quality. They want to check for hard, loose, wet or icy snow layers. If an area is considered dangerous, small explosives are fired into the side of the steep terrain. The explosion loosens the top layer of snow, which tumbles harmlessly down the mountainside. But using explosives is costly and dangerous. Some researchers are currently experimenting with the cheaper and safer method of using ultrasonic sound waves that shock the snow into falling, averting an avalanche and saving lives. Snow Fences It is very common to put up snow nets or snow fences. These nylon nets or wooden and steel fences are placed at the top of slopes. They prevent the buildup of snow on the downwind side, thereby lessening the chance of a slab avalanche. Beacons and Radio Devices Fortunately, there are companies that specialize in making rescue beacons. These are small electronic devices that send out a radio signal to search and rescue crews. Most people who venture into the backcountry carry some sort of beacon or GPS device. They can help locate a buried victim up to 80 meters away. However, these beacons and GPS devices only send out a signal if the victim turns it on. Often, the victim is too injured to think clearly and press the 'on button.' If search and rescue crews do not quickly reach the victims, the skiers will not be discovered in time. Surviving an Avalanche If you are ever caught in an avalanche, the chances are slim that you will survive. If you are not killed instantly, you only have a short time (15~35 minutes) before your oxygen runs out. Take off your ski, boots and poles. Use a swimming motion to claw your way to the surface. Often people do not know which way is up or down. The effect of this is disorientation. It is not uncommon for avalanche victims to dig in the wrong direction. With proper precautions, both skiers and ski resorts can avoid the tragedy of an avalanche.
Mud Runs A Messy Race. Mud runs are races where people run through mud. People have been running in mud runs for about thirty years in the United States. Races are held all over the country. Some mud runs are for people who are good at sports. Some are just for fun. All mud runs are the same in one way. People get very muddy! They Don't Make It Easy. Running through mud isn't easy. The mud sticks to your shoes and slows you down. It's hard to move forward. The people who plan mud runs know this. They use mud to make parts of the course hard. Racers need to be strong to climb over nets and walls. They need to be careful to get past parts like the balance beam. They need to get down into the mud to crawl under walls or through tunnels. They need to be brave to slide down big hills or even jump over fire! Monsters in the Mud. Some mud runs have an extra twist, such as monsters. In a zombie mud run, racers run away from people dressed as zombies. Racers can run from zombies or choose to become zombies and chase others. Which would you rather be? Run in a Costume. At many races, runners often dress up in costumes just for fun. Costumes get covered in mud, and many also get torn during the race. It's all part of the fun. Race as a Team. People run as teams in some mud runs. They push and pull each other over walls covered in mud. Mud runs are hard, and working as a team can help everyone have a good time. Running for Fun. You don't have to be great at sports to race in a mud run. Many people run just for fun. Just for Kids. Some mud runs are made for children as young as three. The children's races are shorter, but they have tricky parts, mud, and lots of adventure. You might climb a kid-sized wall. You might wiggle through a kid-sized tunnel. If you choose to run, you're in for a good time! Children sometimes have so much fun that they run the races two or three times. In a mud run, even regular people can feel like superheroes!