Why is it important to formulate a hypothesis in a scientific investigation?

It provides a testable prediction that guides the investigation.

It eliminates the need for data collection.

It is a requirement to publish findings.

It guarantees the results will be correct.

Which of the following best explains how scientific knowledge can change over time?

New evidence can lead to revised theories or understanding.

Once a theory is proven, it remains unchanged forever.

All scientific discoveries are made in isolation without influence from others.

Scientific knowledge is always correct and never changes.

In an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth, what is the outcome variable?

the time of day plants are watered

What does it mean to analyze data in a scientific investigation?

To examine the data in order to draw conclusions or make predictions.

To collect data without reviewing it.

To ignore the data and focus on the hypothesis.

To only share the data that supports the hypothesis.

Which of the following is an example of a historical change in scientific knowledge based on new evidence?

The shift from believing in spontaneous generation to understanding that life comes from existing life.

The unchanged belief that the Earth is flat.

The idea that stars are just holes in the sky.

The consistent theory that all matter is composed of four elements.

What role do controlled variables play in a scientific investigation?

They keep the experiment consistent to ensure that the results are due to the independent variable.

They are the changes made to see their effect.

They are the measurements taken during the experiment.

They are the outcomes being observed.

How can a scientist's prediction based on a hypothesis be validated during an experiment?

By conducting tests and gathering data to see if the results support the hypothesis.

By simply assuming the hypothesis is correct.

By comparing the hypothesis to past theories without testing.

By ignoring any data that contradicts the hypothesis.

In a study examining the impact of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in plants, which variable would be considered the independent variable?

the amount of sunlight received

What is the main purpose of a scientific investigation?

To gain a better understanding of natural phenomena through experimentation and observation.

To confirm existing beliefs without testing them.

To create new theories that are not based on evidence.

To collect data for personal opinion.

NEW-SC.8.N.1.1-1. Students will evaluate a scientific investigation using evidence of scientific thinking and/or problem solving. 2. Students will identify test variables (independent variables) and outcome variables (dependent variables) in a given scientific investigation. 3. Students will identify and/or analyze data to make predictions and/or defend conclusions. 4. Students will explain how hypotheses are valuable. 5. Students will compare methods and/or results obtained in a scientific investigation. 6. Students will explain that scientific knowledge may change as new evidence is discovered or new scientific interpretations are formed. 7. Students will identify instances in the history of science in which scientific knowledge has changed as a result of new evidence.

NEW-SC.8.P.8.8-• Students will identify common examples of acids, bases, and/or salts. • Students will compare, contrast, and/or classify the properties of compounds, including acids, bases and salts. • Students will understand the pH scale.

NEW-SC.8.P.8.5-1. Students will identify the difference between an element and a compound. 2. Students will describe how elements combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds that make up all living and nonliving things. 3. Students will identify the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. 4. Students will differentiate among pure substances, mixtures, and solutions. 5. Students will recognize that elements are grouped in the periodic table according to similarities of their properties. 6. Students will explain that atoms are the smallest unit of an element and are composed of subatomic particles; electrons, protons, neutrons. 7. Relate the scientific theory of atoms using models. 8. Students know the parts of an atom, their location, and their charge. 9. Students know all matter is composed of atoms. 10. Students will explain why theories may be modified but are rarely discarded

NEW-SC.8.P.8.1-1. Students will describe the motion of particles in solids, liquids, and/or gases. 2. Students will identify the molecular structure of a solid, liquid, and gas when given a picture. 3. Students distinguish the relationship between the motions of particles as a substance moves from a solid to a liquid to a gas and vice versa. 4. Students will identify the benefits and limitations of the use of scientific models. 5. Students will describe and/or analyze common methods and/or models used in different fields of study. 6. Students will identify the benefits and limitations of the use of scientific models. 7. Students will identify how technology is essential to science.

SC.8.P.9.2 • Students will differentiate between physical and chemical changes. • Students know the characteristics of physical (change in state of matter) and chemical changes. (i.e.: new odor, change in color, new substance, change in temperature) • Students will identify a change as physical, or chemical given evidence. • Students will explain that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes, according to the law of conservation of mass. • Students will summarize the Law of Conservation of mass, explaining that mass cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. • Students will describe how temperature influences chemical changes. • Students will know thermal energy increases the movement of atoms/molecules. • Students will explain that scientific explanations are based on empirical evidence, logical reasoning, predictions, and modeling.

AA-SC.7.N.2.1 (L) - Identify an instance from the history of science in which scientific knowledge has changed when new evidence or new interpretations are encountered.

AA-SC.6.N.2.2 (M) Explain that scientific knowledge is durable because it is open to change as new evidence or interpretations are encountered.

new

New Directions Plus: p.56-61 Robinson Crusoe

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