A 70-year-old patient is being seen in the clinic for severe exacerbation of his heart failure. Which of these findings is the nurse most likely to observe in this patient?
a. Fever, dry nonproductive cough, and diminished breath sounds
b. Rasping cough, thick mucoid sputum, wheezing, and bronchitis
c. Productive cough, dyspnea, weight loss, anorexia, and tuberculosis
d. Shortness of breath, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and ankle edema