OB1

1. confines abdominal viscera,

2. stretches to accommodate the expanding uterus,

3. provides surgical access to the internal reproductive organs,Function of the anterior abdominal wall (3);Langer lines,describe the orientation of dermal fibers within the skin.;Transversely,Arrangement of langer lines;TRUE,T/F

vertical skin incisions sustain increased lateral tension —>in general, develop wider scars.;FALSE

*low transverse incisions, such as the Pfannenstiel, follow Langer lines and lead to superior cosmetic results.,T/F

low transverse incisions, such as the Pfannenstiel, follow Langer lines and develop wider scars.;a superficial, predominantly fatty layer—Camper fascia

deeper membranous layer—Scarpa fascia. C,The subcutaneous layer can be separated into?;Camper fascia,Another term for a superficial, predominantly fatty layer of the subcutaneous layer;Scarpa fascia,Another term for a deeper membranous layer of the subcutaneous layer;mons pubis and labia majora then to ischioanal fossa.,Camper fascia continues onto the perineum to form the?;Colles fascia,Scarpa fascia continues onto the perineum to form the?;linea alba,Where the aponeuroses of the external and internal oblique, as well as the transversus abdominis muscle fuse.;rectus sheath,Where the aponeurosis of the external and internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle are invested in the rectus abdominis muscle;diastasis recti or hernia,results from An abnormally wide separation of linea alba;arcuate line,Serves as the boundary that separates the abdominal contents and its layers;Cephalad,Cephalad or Caudal?

Aponeuroses invest the rectus abdominis bellies above and below;Caudal,Cephalad or Caudal?

All aponeuroses lie anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle and only the thin transversalis fascia and peritoneum lie beneath;Femoral artey branches,Supply the skin and subcutaneous layer of the anterior abdominal wall and the mons pubis;External iliac artery branches,Supply the muscles and fascia of the anterior abdominal wall;superficial epigastric vessels,Of surgical importance, the these vessel, from their origin, course diagonally toward the umbilicus;inferior epigastric vessels,Of surgical relevance, these vessel initially course lateral to, then posterior to the rectus abdominis muscles, which they supply.;inferior epigastric artery,When a Maylard incision is used for cesarean delivery, the these artery may be lacerated lateral to the rectus belly during muscle transection. These vessels rarely may rupture following abdominal trauma and create a rectus sheath hematoma;Hesselbach triangle,is the region bounded laterally by the inferior epigastric vessels, inferiorly by the inguinal ligament, and medially by the lateral border of the rectus muscle.;inferior epigastric vessels,lateral wall of Hesselbach triangle;inguinal ligament,inferior wall of Hesselbach triangle;rectus muscle.,medial wall of Hesselbach triangle;direct inguinal hernias,Hernias that protrude through the abdominal wall in Hesselbach triangle are termed as?;indirect inguinal hernias,Hernia that protrude through through the deep inguinal ring, which lies lateral to this triangle, and then may exit out the superficial inguinal ring;ANTERIOR RAMI OF THORACIC SPINAL NERVES

intercostal nerves (T7-11 )

subcostal nerve (T12 )

**these nerve branches may be severed during a Pfannenstiel incision at the point in which the overlying anterior rectus sheath is separated from the rectus muscle.

ANTERIOR RAMUS OF THE FIRST LUMBAR SPINAL NERVE.

iliohypogastric and the ilioinguinal nerves (L1).

**The ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves can be severed during a low transverse incision or entrapped during closure, especially if incisions extend beyond the lateral borders of the rectus muscle,Give the innervations of the anterior abdominal wall;transversus abdominis plane,space between the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles.;iliohypogastric nerve,this nerve perforates the external oblique aponeurosis near the lateral rectus border to provide sensation to the skin over the suprapubic area.;ilioinguinal nerve,This nerve in its course medially travels through the inguinal canal and exits through the superficial inguinal ring, which forms by splitting of external abdominal oblique aponeurosis fibers. This nerve supplies the skin of the mons pubis, upper labia majora, and medial upper thigh.;ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves,this nerves can be severed during a low transverse incision or entrapped during closure, especially if incisions extend beyond the lateral borders of the rectus muscle;intercostal nerves (T7-11 )