A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States.

Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War.

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force.

Slave states on the border between the North and South: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri.

Expression used by Southern authors and orators before Civil War to indicate economic dominance of Southern cotton industry, and that North needed South's cotton. Coined by James Hammond

Union war strategy by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi River, and to take an army through heart of south.

War measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy.

First "real" battle of the Civil War, it was expected by Union officials to be short but ended up a Confederate victory.

New bullet created with a hollow base, led to a high number of casualties during the Civil War.

A warship equipped with iron plating for protection.

The North during the Civil War.

Measures contributing to cleanliness and good health.

A gun with a grooved barrel that causes a bullet to spin through the air.

A large, organized group of soldiers.

A copy that is represented as the original.

An action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end.

A person killed or injured in a war or accident.

To harm by contact with something undesirable.