PBL Group 1 Day 3

General inhalation anesthetic used to induce and maintain general anesthesia.

Nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon, inhalation anesthetic that provides relatively slow induction with increased excitation of the tissue.

General anesthetic administered intravenously to induce muscle relaxation

General anesthetic administered intravenously to induce and maintain general anesthesia.

Halothane’s effect are likely due to binding to Mg2+ channels causing hyperpolarization.

Halothane induces immobilization of muscles by binding to K+ channels in cholinergic neurons.

Halothane depresses nerve conduction by binding to Na+ channels in cholinergic neurons.

Halothane produces loss of consciousness by binding to Acetylcholine receptors causing hyperpolarization.

A smooth muscle relaxant for intravenous administration used as an adjunct to general anesthesia.

A general inhalation anesthetic used to induce skeletal muscle relaxation.

A skeletal muscle relaxant for intravenous administration used as an adjunct to general anesthesia.

A general inhalation anesthetic used to induce general anesthesia.

It binds to nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction and opens ligand-gated channels leading to depolarization.

It hyperpolarizes the neuromuscular junction preventing the membrane from starting an actional potential.

It works in conjunction with Acetylcholine to depolarize the membrane.

It prevents acetylcholinesterase from hydrolyzing Acetylcholine keeping the membrane depolarized.

The difference in partial pressure of CO2 and O2 dissolved in the blood plasma.

The partial pressure of CO2 measured in the lung alveoli.

The difference in partial pressure of CO2 and O2 during exhalation.

The partial pressure of CO2 at the end of exhalation.

Increased amount of lactic acid is excreted

Excess lactic acid is consumed

Oxidative phosphorylation uses the lactate to generate ATP, but over time, this lactate builds up as the oxidative phosphorylation cannot keep up

The body uses anaerobic glycolysis and lactate, a part of this cycle, builds up over time

None of the above

There was an allergic reaction to the anesthetic

The child had malnourishment

The lactic acidosis caused by Hirschsprung’s disease caused malignant hyperthermia

Myoplasmic calcium enters the muscle cell causing continued contraction

The oxidative phosphorylation process created excess ATP

All of the above

The infant had a potential thiamine deficiency

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Second arrow

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All of the above

None of the above

Dinitrophenol

Dantrolene sodium

Sulfatiazol

The duodenum to jejunum

Ileum to proximal colon

Appendix

Jejunum to ileum

Vitamin or mineral deficiencies

A large number of white blood cells due to long-term illness

an insufficient supply of healthy red blood cells

Erythrocytosis

Low availability of oxygen (ex: Lung or heart disease, smoking, high altitude)

Infection or disorder such as lymphoma

Dehydration (ex: heat exhaustion)

Polycythemia vera, disorder that causes your body to produce too many red blood cells