Filipino revolutionary leader and politician that played a key role in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.

Leader of the revolutionary forces in Cavite.

Declared the independence of the Philippines from Spain on June 12, 1898.

Captured by American forces in 1901, ending the Philippine-American War.

Swore allegiance to the United States and served as the Philippines' president from 1899 to 1901 and 1917 to 1935.

A person who takes part in a violent uprising against an established authority or government.

to exploit weaknesses of others

American naval officer and historian. Best known for his influential theories on naval warfare and imperialism. Argued that a strong navy was essential for a country to be a global power.

"The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" published in 1890, on American foreign policy and American imperialism in the.

American Protestant clergyman and social reformer.

Leading advocate of the idea of "Anglo-Saxonism," which held that English-speaking peoples were superior and had a duty to spread their civilization and values around the world.

Called for the expansion of American territory and influence through imperialism and missionary work.

"Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis," published in 1885, had an impact on American political and social thought.

express complete disapproval of, typically in public

American army officer and general best known for his leadership during World War I, where he commanded the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe. Was also involved in the Mexican Expedition of 1916-1917 in response to the rise of -----. Organized the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in WW1, which helped contribute to the Allied victory.

Mexican revolutionary and military leader that took action against the government of President Porfirio Diaz.

He led the Division del Norte, and was known for his guerrilla tactics and raids on Mexican government forces and American interests.

1916 raid on Columbus, New Mexico, where his forces attacked and killed several American civilians.

American suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist

who became a leader in the National American Woman Suffrage Association and later the Congressional Union, which eventually became the National Woman's Party.

Advocate for women's suffrage and used tactics such as picketing, hunger strikes, and civil disobedience to draw attention to the cause.

Helped passage of an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that granted women the right to vote.

Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.

Established the direct election of senators (instead of being chosen by state legislatures)

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

Jamaican-born black nationalist and Pan-Africanist who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914.

Advocated for racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and black separatism.

Emphasized the need for black people to reject white influence and create their own political, social, and economic institutions.

Established the Black Star Line, a shipping company that aimed to promote black commerce and independence.

American writer, poet, and social activist who was a prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance. His works included themes of race, identity, and the African American experience, and he was known for his use of vernacular language and musical rhythms in his poetry and prose. His works reflected the struggles and joys of everyday black life and celebrated the beauty and resilience of black culture. Was also a social activist who used his platform as a writer to advocate for civil rights and social justice. He supported the work of the NAACP and was a vocal critic of racism and segregation.

"The Negro Speaks of Rivers," "Harlem," "I, Too, Sing America," "A Raisin in the Sun."

promote; take up; support

American writer and novelist, known for his exploration of themes such as wealth, social class, and the American Dream. His most famous work is the novel "The Great Gatsby," which has become a classic of modern American literature.

German-born theoretical physicist known for his groundbreaking theories of relativity and for his equation E=mc². He published a series of papers in 1905 that revolutionized the field of physics and challenged the long-held notion that time and space were absolute and unchanging. He later developed his theory of general relativity in 1915.

American industrialist and founder of the Ford Motor Company. He is credited with revolutionizing the automobile industry and making cars affordable for the average American with his Model T car. He also pioneered the assembly line production, which revolutionized manufacturing processes in many industries. However, he was also known for his controversial political views, including his anti-Semitic and anti-union beliefs.

Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating mental illness and exploring the unconscious mind. He is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential thinkers of the 20th century. Focused on neurology and the treatment of nervous disorders, but best known for psychoanalysis.

Government agency created during World War I to generate public support for the war effort and promote pro-war propaganda. It produced materials such as pamphlets and posters and worked closely with the media to control the information being disseminated to the public. While successfully generating support for the war, the propaganda efforts also led to increased censorship and a chilling effect on free speech. The committee was disbanded after the end of World War I.

African American author and activist best known for his works exploring the racial and social issues faced by Black Americans. His most famous novel, "Native Son," is about a young Black man living in poverty in Chicago who accidentally kills a white woman and faces a biased criminal justice system. He was a key figure in the Harlem Renaissance.

American author and novelist known for his realistic and compassionate portrayals of working-class life and the struggles of marginalized communities. His most famous novels include "The Grapes of Wrath," a family during the Great Depression, and "Of Mice and Men," a tragic tale of friendship and loneliness set in California during the same time period. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1962. He was also a political activist and wrote several works promoting social justice and advocating for the rights of workers and migrants.

American photographer known for her iconic photographs documenting the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl. Her images, including "Migrant Mother," became powerful symbols of the era's hardship and were influential in shaping public opinion and policy regarding poverty and social welfare. Lange worked for the Farm Security Administration and her photographs documented the struggles of farmers and migrant workers during the economic crisis.

African American educator, civil rights leader, and government official who founded the National Council of Negro Women and promoted education and empowerment of Black women. She was a consultant to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and was appointed as the director of the Division of Negro Affairs, becoming the highest-ranking Black woman in government at the time. She worked to promote equal employment opportunities and desegregation in government agencies. Bethune also played a significant role in the creation of the United Nations.

A New Deal program during the Great Depression that employed 2.5 million young men to work on conservation projects such as reforestation and erosion control. The program aimed to provide employment, education, and vocational training opportunities for its workers while promoting conservation efforts across the country.

est. 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

May 6, 1935- Began under Hoover and continued under Roosevelt but was headed by Harry L. Hopkins. Provided jobs and income to the unemployed but workers couldn't work more than 30 hours a week. It built many public buildings and roads, and as well operated a large arts project.

est. 1933.gave FDR a chance to do his first large-scale experiment in regional planning. It built a series of dams to provide electricity and control floods. Dams gave economic and environmental boosts to an area in need of rehabilitation

Economic theory based on the principles of John Maynard ______ stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.

Laws passed by the U.S. Congress in the 1930s to maintain U.S. neutrality in the conflicts leading up to World War II. The laws prohibited U.S. citizens from providing assistance to belligerent nations involved in an armed conflict.

Also called D-Day invasion, was the Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France during World War II on June 6, 1944. It was the largest amphibious invasion in history and marked the beginning of the liberation of Western Europe. The success of the invasion was a major turning point in the war and contributed to the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.

Signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 during World War II and authorized the forced relocation of over 120,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps. It violated their civil liberties and constitutional rights and is now recognized as a dark chapter in American history.

1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific

A battle in February and March 1945 in which U.S. forces took a small but strategically important island off the Japanese coast. During the battle, an Associated Press photographer took a world-famous photograph of U.S. Marines raising the American flag on the summit of Mt. Suribachi.

Research and development program during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the US with support from the United Kingdom and Canada, and resulted in the testing of the first atomic bomb in New Mexico in July 1945. The successful development marked a major shift in the balance of power.

African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcarts or shop in white owned stores

Joint declaration issued by the United States and Great Britain on August 14, 1941, during World War II. It outlined a vision for a post-war world based on the principles of self-determination, economic cooperation, and collective security. It also expressed a commitment to the restoration of self-government and democratic institutions in countries that had been occupied by the Axis powers.

1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security

A United States government agency created during World War II to coordinate and disseminate information about the war effort to the public. The agency was responsible for producing and distributing newsreels, films, posters, and other media to promote support for the war and maintain morale on the home front. Also developed propaganda campaigns to counter enemy propaganda and combat racism and discrimination within the armed forces. Dissolved after WWII.