An electron can be removed from an atom if enough energy is supplied. This is called ionization energy.
Using A as a symbol for an atom of any element, the process can be expressed as follows:
A + energy → A+ + e-
To compare the ease with which atoms of different elements give up electrons, chemists compare ionization energies. (To avoid the influence of nearby atoms, measurements of ionization energies are made on isolated atoms in the gas phase.)
What is ionization energy?