Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of ranitidine?

Accepted Answer

Blocking histamine binding to parietal cells

Answer

Enhancing mucosal blood flow

Answer

Inhibition of H⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump

Answer

Neutralization of gastric acid

Question 2

Which of the following is a major side effect of sodium bicarbonate as an antacid?

Accepted Answer

Gastric distention and belching

Answer

Black stool

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Brown pigmentation of the colon

Question 3

What is the primary therapeutic use of misoprostol?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers

Answer

Treatment of IBS-C

Answer

Management of GERD

Answer

Treatment of traveler's diarrhea

Question 4

Which antacid formulation does NOT produce gas and therefore avoids belching?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium hydroxide

Answer

Calcium carbonate

Answer

Bismuth subsalicylate

Answer

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 5

What is a common adverse effect of metoclopramide?

Accepted Answer

Both B&C

Answer

Gynecomastia

Answer

Extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Both A&B

Question 6

Which of the following drugs is used for triple therapy in H. pylori infection?

Accepted Answer

Clarithromycin, amoxicillin, PPI

Answer

Bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline

Answer

Misoprostol, ranitidine, PPI

Answer

Sucralfate

Question 7

Which IBS drug is only approved for use in women due to unestablished efficacy in men?

Accepted Answer

Alosetron

Answer

Tegaserod

Answer

Prucalopride

Answer

Lubiprostone

Question 8

Which of the following drugs is a D2-receptor antagonist that enhances gastric motility and has antiemetic effects?

Accepted Answer

Domperidone

Answer

Loperamide

Answer

Lubiprostone

Answer

Octreotide

Question 9

Which drug used for GERD irreversibly inhibits the H⁺/K⁺ ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Ranitidine

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Metoclopramide

Question 10

Which mucosal protective agent is known to cause blackening of the tongue and stool?

Accepted Answer

Bismuth subsalicylate

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Misoprostol

Answer

Esomeprazole

Question 11

Prucalopride is classified as which type of agent?

Accepted Answer

5-HT4 receptor agonist

Answer

D2 antagonist

Answer

H2 blocker

Answer

5-HT3 receptor antagonist

Question 12

Which opioid antidiarrheal drug is nonprescription and does not cross the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Loperamide

Answer

Morphine

Answer

Diphenoxylate

Answer

Eluxadoline

Question 13

Which of the following laxatives is used for complete colonic cleansing before endoscopy and causes minimal gas or cramping?

Accepted Answer

PEG

Answer

Psyllium

Answer

Sodium phosphate

Answer

Lactulose

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action of metoclopramide as an antiemetic?

Accepted Answer

Blocks dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Answer

Enhances mucosal blood flow

Answer

Stimulates prostaglandin receptors

Answer

Blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptors in the GI tract

Question 15

Which of the following is a shared adverse effect of both metoclopramide and domperidone?

Accepted Answer

Gynecomastia

Answer

Black tongue

Answer

Extrapyramidal effects

Answer

Melanosis coli

Question 16

What differentiates domperidone from metoclopramide in terms of side effect profile?

Accepted Answer

Domperidone does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier

Answer

Domperidone causes extrapyramidal symptoms more often

Answer

Domperidone inhibits serotonin release

Answer

Metoclopramide is less effective as an antiemetic

Question 17

Which mucosal protective agent forms a paste that binds to ulcers and erosions for up to 6 hours?

Accepted Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Misoprostol

Answer

Omeprazole

Answer

Bismuth subsalicylate

Question 18

What is the main therapeutic use of cholestyramine in gastrointestinal disorders?

Accepted Answer

Binding excess bile acids to reduce diarrhea

Answer

Prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers

Answer

Treatment of GERD

Answer

Bowel cleansing before colonoscopy

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a bulk-forming laxative?

Accepted Answer

Psyllium

Answer

Lactulose

Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Senna

Question 20

Which laxative acts by stimulating the chloride channels in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lubiprostone

Answer

Prucalopride

Answer

Sucralfate

Answer

Neostigmine

Question 21

Which of the following sugars is used as an osmotic laxative but may cause flatus and cramping?

Accepted Answer

Sorbitol

Answer

Tegaserod

Answer

Bisacodyl

Answer

Psyllium

Question 22

What complication can occur when high doses of calcium carbonate are taken with milk or dairy products?

Accepted Answer

Milk-alkali syndrome

Answer

Gastrinoma

Answer

GERD

Answer

Hyponatremia

Question 23

What is the appropriate management for an NSAID-associated peptic ulcer?

Accepted Answer

Stop NSAID and give PPI or H2 antagonist

Answer

Treat with antibiotics only

Answer

Continue NSAID and give sucralfate

Answer

Switch to calcium-based antacid

Question 24

Which of the following cells are primarily responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Parietal cells

Answer

Chief cells

Answer

Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells

Answer

G cells

Question 25

What hormone stimulates acid secretion by acting on parietal cells and also indirectly through ECL cells?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Motilin

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Secretin

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