Telling Time Humans have used different objects to tell time. In the beginning, they used an hourglass. This is a cylindrical glass with a narrow center that allows sand to flow from its upper to its lower portion. Once all the sand has trickled to the lower portion, one knows that an hour has passed. Using the same idea, water clocks were constructed to measure time by having water flow through a narrow passage from one container to another. On the other hand, sundials allowed people to estimate an hour by looking at the position of the shadow cast by the sun on a plate. At night, people measured time by checking the alignment of the stars in the sky. None of these were accurate, though. The clock was the first accurate instrument for telling time. 1. Which of the following ways of telling time made use of sand? (Literal)

2. None of the clocks used long ago were accurate. Accurate in the sentence means (Inferential)

3. When men of long ago told time at night, they looked at the__________________ to tell the time. (Literal)

4. The sundials may not be useful in telling time______________________. (Inferential)

5. How are the hourglass and the water clock similar? (Inferential)

6. The best title of the selection is______________________.(Critical)

7. Which of these sentences is a topic sentence? (Critical)

Counting the Hours When men decided to divide the day into twenty-four hours, they used numbers one through twelve two times. As a result, there was one o’clock during the day and another one o’clock after midnight. This created confusion. If one was told to submit a project at six o’clock, did this mean six o’clock in the morning or at night? The Romans provided a solution to this problem. They thought that noontime, the time when the sun is at its apex, is an important time. They called noon Meridies and measured time by this. They called the morning ante meridiem, which means “before noon” while “afternoon” was called post meridiem. Ante meridiem was shortened to A.M. while post meridiem was shortened to P.M. 8. When the day was divided into twenty-four hours, what numbers were used to express time? (Literal)

9. Having one number to express time twice caused confusion. In this selection confusion may mean_______________________.(Inferential)

10. The Romans thought of a solution. This means that they provided_____________________.(Inferential)

11. Meridies means_______________.(Literal)

12. The early Romans used the position of the sun to tell the time. When the sun was at its apex, it was noon. What does apex mean?

13. Another good title for this selection is________________.(Critical)

Nosebleeds Having a nosebleed is a common occurrence. Children experience epistaxis when blood flows out from either or both nostrils, often for a short period of time. It may be caused by one’s behavior like frequent nose picking or blowing too hard when one has a cold. It may also be caused by certain physical factors such as an allergy or abnormal growths in the nasal cavity. Or it may be due to environmental conditions such as exposure to toxic fumes or dryness of the air. While it is often thought that holding one’s head back can treat a nosebleed, this can actually cause one to choke or vomit. The best thing to do is to lean forward, pinch the top of the nose and apply a cold compress. And if that doesn’t work, it’s best to get professional help. 14. When children experience epistaxis, we can observe that there is ____________. (Literal)

15. When an experience is described as a common occurrence it is _____________ .(Inferential)

16. Which of these options helps treat a nosebleed? (Literal)

17. Which of these causes of a nosebleed are within our control? (Inferential)

18. Which of these factors that cause nosebleeds are directly within our control? (Inferential)

19. This selection is mainly providing (Critical)

20. Another good title for this selection is ______________________.(Critical)