Our individual perception of the intensity of sound - how loud it sounds

If the amplitude is greater, this is greater - measured in decibels - we perceive or sense intensity as loudness. It is a mathematical relationship - increases exponentially (0 decibels is the softest sound).

The wave speed in air

Sound travels fastest through these because the vibrations transfer easily between the particles, which are closer together than in the other states of matter (liquid & gas)

Mechanical waves need a __________to travel - you cannot hear sounds in a vacuum (empty space)!!

Characteristic tone or tones that sound when an object is dropped or struck.

Works on the principle that forced vibration and greater surface area increase sound intensity

Sound travels slowest through these

The speed of sound depends upon this quantity

Sound cannot travel through this

Change in frequency of a wave due to the relative motion of the source of the wave to the receiver - when the moving source of a sound (like an ambulance) catches up with the sound wave it creates

Speed of sound at room temperature

Forced vibration at the natural frequency of objects resulting in a dramatic increase in the amplitude of its vibration.

Source of sound catches up and breaks through the sound wave it creates

Subjective impression of frequency (high or low)

Refers to vertical height of a wave. The taller the wave, the louder it is.

a mirror with a flat surface

a mirror with a surface that curves inward

A mirror with a surface that curves outward

An object that allows some light to pass through while some light is absorbed or reflected.

An object that light bounces off of.

An object that no light passes through, all light is either absorbed or reflected

An object that allows all light to pass through it.

The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another

300,000 km/s (in a vacuum)

Curved transparent material that, when looked through, changes the appearance of an object, often making it appear larger or smaller. The transparent material is often glass.

The process of changing chemical energy into light energy with little or no change in temperature

The production of light by means of a chemical reaction in an organism.

The production of light with heat.

A process in which phosphorescent material converts radiation into visible light. A material absorbs light at one wavelength and then emits light at a longer wavelength.

the production of light from friction as a result of scratching, crushing, or rubbing certain crystals

a tiny particle or packet of light energy

The rate of change in velocity. Can be a change in direction, positive (speeding up) or negative (slowing down).

Two forces in opposite directions. Net force is zero and the motion of the object does not change.

The force between objects that resists motion - always slows down motion

A measurement of force

The strength or size of an object or force.

The total amount of matter in something.

The capacity for doing work.

A push or pull on an object that can cause a change in movement

The total of all the forces acting on an object

A force that pulls objects together

Formula for Force

Shows the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time.

The tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force

The energy an object possess due to its motion.

A change in the position of an object over time.

An object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside unbalanced force; an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside unbalanced force.

When a car suddenly stops and your head continues to move foward even though your body is stopped by the seat belt

The greater the force applied to an object, the greater the acceleration; the smaller the mass of an object, the greater its acceleration when force is applied; only an unbalanced force can cause objects to accelerate

The force applied to a roller coaster car in addition to the mass of the car determines the acceleration of the car; more force = more acceleration

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; there is a reaction force that is equal in size but opposite in direction.

As the thrust of a rocket pushes down on Earth's surface, the rocket launches upward into the atmosphere

Energy stored in an object by the virtue of its position.

A monkey carries a 5 kg pineapple 10 meters in 5 minutes.

A monkey holds a 5 kg pineapple over his head for 5 minutes.

Nemo swims 37 m/s South to Wallaby Way in Australia.

The distance traveled by an object in a given amount of time.

Nemo swims 58 m/s

A force that is not equal in size and opposite in direction.

speed of an object and its direction of motion; changes when speed, direction or both changes

force exerted on an object that causes the object to move in same direction that the force was applied

Transfer energy in the direction they are traveling

The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from this undisturbed position

The distance between the same point on two adjacent waves (between the trough of one wave and the trough of the wave next to it, applies the same way with the crest,)

Is the number of complete waves passing a certain point per second. Is measured in Hertz (Hz), where 1 wave is 1 Hertz

From the frequency, you can find a period of a wave using the formula 1÷frequency

Waves were in which the oscillation (vibrations) are perpendicular (90 degrees) to the direction of energy transfer. Some of these waves include:

Waves were the oscillation (vibrations) are parallel to the direction of energy transfer. Some of these waves include:

Where the waves carry on traveling through the material. this often leads to refraction

Are transverse waves that transfer energy from a source to an absorber. They travel through air or vacuum at the same speed. there are a variety that increase in frequency overtime.

When a wave changes direction between materials

These are caused by vibrating objects. These are passed through the surrounding area as a series of compressions an rarefactions. These travel faster in more solid states of matter as it is more easier to vibrate the particles to make sound if there close together, rather than far apart. This is why in a vacuum, where there are no particle's there is no sound

Materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt that can experience a non-contact force similar to forces on an electric field. They have a North Pole and South Pole.

Goes from north to south you can show this by drawing arrows on your lines going south. The closer together the lines are, the stronger the magnetic field.

Magnets that turn or off when an electric current is passed through it. They are used to lift things up or down and can be used with other circuit as a switch

The flow of an electric charge. The unit of this is ampere (A)

Is the driving force that pushes the charge around. Measured in volts (V)

Anything that slows down the flow of the current. Measured in ohms (Picture)

=Current X Resistance

When certain insulating materials rub together, negatively charged electrons a rubbed onto each other leaving materials electrically charged

Occur when two or more objects are touching. Some examples of this are: friction, air resistance, tension in ropes and normal contact force. When these two or more objects interact there is a force on both of them and is equal or opposite of the other object.

Occur when two or more objects exert a force on each other but are not touching. Some examples of these are: magnetic force, gravitational force, electrostatic force. When these two or more objects interact with each other there is a force produced on all of them that is equal or opposite.

=F x distance*cosine of the angle.

Work/time

energy can not be lost or destroyed

The force of gravity between two very dense objects can be described inversely by the distance between them.

Equals Force x time

Equals massxchange in velocity.

An quantity that has a magnitude and direction

Has multiple paths for electron to travel.

Has one path for electron same current throughout

Change in velocity over change in time

Change in displacement over change in time

The total distance traveled by an object regardless of direction

The amount traveled from a certain spot.

F=ma

Kg, m/s

Friction

=coeffiecent of friction xmxg

5m/s NE

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

The relationship where the force between to objects is inversely 1/r related to the distance between them.