Q.In pteridophytes, spore germinates to give rise to

thalloid gametophyte called prothallus

thalloid sporophyte called prothallus

thalloid, photosynthetic sporophyte.

Q.Select the incorrect statement about mosses.

Both seta and capsule bear spores, which give rise to gametophyte after mitosis.

Rhizoids are multicellular and branched.

Sporophyte is differentiated into foot, seta and capsule.

Sex organs are produced at the apex of leafy shoots.

Q.In gymnosperm life cycle, the haploid phase is represented by

microsporophyll and megasporophyll

A -(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)

A -(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)

A -(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)

A -(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)

Plant Kindom | Quizalize

Plant Kingdom

Biology-Plant Kingdom

XI-PLANT KINGDOM

Animal and plant kingdom

BIOMOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates CARBOHYDRATES THE MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC MOLECULES IN NATURE HYDRATE DE CARBON i.e. HYDRATE OF CARBON or Cn(H2O)n Main source of ENERGY Provide some STRUCTUR PRECURSORs of many organic compounds – FATS, AMINO ACIDS STORAGE FORM of ENERGY (Glycogen Animals) (Starch Plants) 3 CARBOHYDRATES SIMPLE MONOSACCHARIDE – GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, GALACTOSE DISACCHARIDE – MALTOSE, SUCROSE, LACTOSE COMPLEX POLYSACCHARIDE – STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE, lmnbh 4 MONOSACCHARIDES BASED ON No OF C ATOMS BASED ON FNCTIONAL GROUP TRIOSES (C3H6O3) –GLYCERALDEHYDE, ALDOSE-GLECEALDEHY, DIHYDROXYACETONE GLUCOSE TETROSE (C4H8O4) – ERYTHROSE, THREOSE PENTOSE (C5H10O5) – RIBULOSE, ARABINOSE HEXOSES (C6H12O6) – GLUCOSE, KETOSE – DIHYDROXYACETONE, FRUCTOSE, FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE HEPTOSES (C7H14O7) – GLUCOHEPTOSE SO ON……… 5 SOME STRUCTURE OF MONOSACCHARIDE GLYCERALDEHYDE DIHYDROXYACETONE ERYTHROSE RIBULOSE GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE 6 DISACCHARIDES : 2 MONOSACCHARIDE UNITS ( SIMILAR OR DISSIMILAR ) CRYSTALLINE, WATER SOLUBLE, SWEET IN TASTE MALTOSE : MALT SUGAR , SUCROSE : CANE SUGAR LACTOSE : MILK SUGAR DISACCHARIDES 7 POLYSACCHARIDES ALMOST INSOLUBLE NOT SWEET IDEAL STORAGE AND STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS STARCH, GLYCOGEN, CELLULOSE PEPTIDOGLYCAN, HYALURONIC ACID, AGAR, CHITIN POLYSACCHARIDES 8 STRUCTURAL POLYSACCHARIDES CELLULOSE MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC SUBSTANCE IN PLANT KINGDOM PREDOMINANT CONSTITUENT OF PLANT CELL WALL TOTALLY ABSENT IN ANIMALS CHITIN FOUND IN INSECTS ,PROVIDE STRENTH AND ELASTICITY 9 THANK YOU……… 10

Plant and kingdom

Place the following in order from most broad to most specific. kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 1 30 sec Q.Sort the correct characteristics into the correct Kingdoms. This is a sorting question 2 30 sec Q.Largest group in taxonomy kingdom 3 30 sec Q.A wolf's scientific name is Canis lupus. What is it's genus? Canis lupus taxonomy wolf 4 30 sec Q.What kingdom of organisms live in wet places, are single celled and have nuclei? Protista Animalia Plantae Fungi 5 30 sec Q.What type of fungi is this? (The tree is dead) saprophytic parasitic symbiotic kingdom 6 30 sec Q.How does this protist move? with a flagella with pseudopods with cell membrane with cilia 7 30 sec Q.How does this protist move? with cilia with pseudopods with nuclei with flagella 8 30 sec Q.Match the correct term to the description. This is a linking question 9 30 sec Q.How does this protist move? with pseudopods with cilia with flagella with nuclei 10 30 sec Q.How does this protist eat? with chloroplasts with pseudopods with cilia with cell membrane 11 30 sec Q.What is the name of this protist? paramecium 12 30 sec Q.What is the name of this protist? amoeba 13 30 sec Q.What is the name of this protist? euglena 14 30 sec Q.What type of fungi feed on other organisms and harm the hosts? parasitic symbiotic saprophytic pseudopods 15 30 sec Q.Match the following terms. This is a linking question 16 30 sec Q.Mycellium are a mass of hyphae. True False 17 30 sec Q.What are the long fibrous strands that allow the fungi to collect food and water called? hyphae fruiting body spores mycellium 18 30 sec Q.When a plant or fungi grows toward light we call that response_______. phototropism 19 30 sec Q.Gravitropism refers to how plants respond to gravity light touch temperature 20 30 sec Q.Fungi can reproduce with spores and hyphae spores only asexually only sexually only 21 30 sec Q.The variable the scientist changes independent 22 30 sec Q.Sort the correct descriptions into the correct boxes. This is a sorting question 23 30 sec Back to top

Cell Size Cells differ not only in their shape but also in their size. A few types of cells are large enough to be seen by the unaided human eye. For example, the nerve cells that extend from a giraffe’s spinal cord to its foot can be 2 m (about 6 1/2 ft) long. A human egg cell is about the size of the period at the end of this sentence. Most cells, how- ever, are only 10 to 50 μm in diameter, or about 1/500 the size of the period at the end of this sentence. The size of a cell is limited by the relationship of the cell’s outer surface area to its volume, or its surface area–to-volume ratio. As a cell grows, its volume increases much faster than its surface area does, as shown in Figure 4-5. This trend is important because the materials needed by a cell (such as nutrients and oxygen) and the wastes produced by a cell (such as carbon dioxide) must pass into and out of the cell through its surface. If a cell were to become very large, the volume would increase much more than the surface area. Therefore, the surface area would not allow materials to enter or leave the cell quickly enough to meet the cell’s needs. As a result, most cells are microscopic in size. Comparing Surface Cells Materials microscope, prepared slides of plant (dicot) stem and ani- mal (human) skin, pencil, paper Procedure Examine slides by using medium magnification (100). Observe and draw the sur- face cells of the plant stem and the animal skin. Analysis How do the surface cells of each organism differ from the cells beneath the surface cells? What is the function of the surface cells? Explain how surface cells are suited to their function based on their shape. Quick Lab Small cells can exchange substances more readily than large cells because small objects have a higher surface area–to-volume ratio. FIGURE 4-5 mb06se_csfs02.qxd 5/18/07 10:54 AM Page 73 74 CHAPTER 4 BASIC PARTS OF A CELL Despite the diversity among cells, three basic features are common to all cell types. All cells have an outer boundary, an interior sub- stance, and a control region. Plasma Membrane The cell’s outer boundary, called the plasma membrane (or the cell membrane), covers a cell’s surface and acts as a barrier between the inside and the outside of a cell. All materials enter or exit through the plasma membrane. The surface of a plasma mem- brane is shown in Figure 4-6a. Cytoplasm The region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus is called the cytoplasm. The part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles is the cytosol. About 20 percent of the cytosol is made up of protein. Control Center Cells carry coded information in the form of DNA for regulating their functions and reproducing themselves. The DNA in some types of cells floats freely inside the cell. Other cells have a mem- brane-bound organelle that contains a cell’s DNA. This membrane- bound structure is called the nucleus. Most of the functions of a eukaryotic cell are controlled by the cell’s nucleus. The nucleus is often the most prominent structure within a eukaryotic cell. It maintains its shape with the help of a protein skeleton called the nuclear matrix. The nucleus of a typical animal cell is shown in Figure 4-6b. Most animal cells have a cell membrane, a nucleus, and a variety of other organelles embedded in a watery substance. The surface of the cell membrane can be seen in (a). The organelles inside the cell are labeled in the diagram (b). FIGURE 4-6 (a) (b) Mitochondrion Microfilaments Lysosome Golgi apparatus Smooth ER Ribosomes Cell membrane Microtubules Rough ER Nuclear pore Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nucleus Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Cell wall Ribosome Cell membrane Peptidoglycan Pili Flagellum DNA CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 75 A prokaryotic cell lacks a membrane- bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Most prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells are. FIGURE 4-7 A white blood cell (eukaryotic) changes shape as it attacks purple- stained bacterial cells that are much smaller (prokaryotic). FIGURE 4-8 TWO BASIC TYPES OF CELLS Fossil evidence suggests that the earliest cells on Earth were simple cells similar to some present-day bacteria. As cells evolved, they differentiated into two major types: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes Prokaryotes (proh-KAR-ee-OHTS) are organisms that lack a membrane- bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Although prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, their genetic information—in the form of DNA—is often concentrated in a part of the cell called the nucleoid. Figure 4-7 shows a typical prokaryotic cell. Prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea (ahr-KEE-uh). The domain Bacteria includes organisms that are similar to the first cellular life-forms. The domain Archaea includes organisms that are thought to be more closely related to eukaryotic cells found in all other kingdoms of life. Eukaryotes Organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotes (yoo-KAR-ee-OHTS). Eukaryotic cells also have a variety of subcellular structures called organelles, well-defined, intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell. Many organelles are surrounded by a mem- brane. The organelles carry out cellular processes just as a person’s pancreas, heart, and other organs carry out a person’s life processes. Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokary- otic cells, as seen in Figure 4-8, which shows a white blood cell (eukaryote) destroying tiny bacterial cells (prokaryotes).

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