Question 1

Which statement best describes what Earth’s outer layer is like underneath the
surface in the image?

Accepted Answer

Underneath both the soil and the ocean, Earth’s outer layer is made of hard,
solid rock.

Answer

Underneath the soil, Earth’s outer layer is made of hard, solid rock.
Underneath the ocean, Earth’s outer layer is made of sand.

Answer

Underneath the soil, Earth’s outer layer is made of water

Answer

Underneath both the soil and the ocean, Earth’s outer layer is made of sand
and water.

Question 2

Dr. Raisa and her team of geologists have been studying GPS data that shows that two plates moved apart. Which diagram shows what happened between the two plates as they moved away from each other?

Accepted Answer

Diagram D: Soft, solid rock from underneath the plates rose and
hardened, adding solid rock to the edges of both plates.

Answer

Diagram C: Ocean water filled in the gap that was created by the plates moving apart.

Answer

Diagram A: A new plate from underneath filled in the gap that was created by the plates moving apart.

Answer

Diagram B: Sand and dirt filled in the gap that was created by the plates moving apart

Question 3

Fossil remains of Lystrosaurus (an extinct four-legged animal) have been discovered in India and South Africa. When they were living, all the Lystrosaurus lived together on land, and they could not swim. However, now there is an ocean between the Lystrosaurus fossils. What could explain how these fossils got so far apart?

Accepted Answer

India and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates slowly moved far apart as soft, solid rock from underneath got added to the edges of the plates over millions of years.

Answer

India and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates slowly moved apart as new plates from underneath got added between them over millions of years

Answer

India and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates were sometimes pushed far apart by earthquakes, and soft, solid rock from underneath got added to the edges of the plates

Answer

India and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates floated away from each other across the ocean.

Question 4

Scientists often study cross-sections to better understand what the inside of
something looks like. If we took a cross-section of a potted plant by cutting it
vertically, what would the cross-section look like?

Accepted Answer

Diagram D

Answer

Diagram B

Answer

Diagram C

Answer

Diagram A

Question 5

A team of geologists wants to study hard, solid rock under the surface of Earth.
The team is considering drilling down in Saudi Arabia (1) or in the Arabian Sea (2). Where will the geologists find hard, solid rock?

Accepted Answer

under 1 and 2, because Earth’s entire outer layer is made of hard, solid rock

Answer

neither under 1 nor 2, because there is water under both places

Answer

neither under 1 nor 2, because there is sand and gravel under both places

Answer

only under 1, because Earth’s outer layer is made of hard, solid rock under continents but not under the ocean

Question 6

Dr. Patel and her team have been using GPS to track two plates that are moving
toward each other. Which diagram shows what is happening at the place where the plates are moving toward each other?

Accepted Answer

Diagram C: One plate is going underneath the other plate and sinking into the soft rock below.

Answer

Diagram B: Two plates are pushing against each other, causing the edges to bend upward.

Answer

Diagram D: One plate is going underneath the other plate and sinking into
the ocean below.

Answer

Diagram A: Two plates are hitting each other, and the plates are breaking into pieces, creating sand.

Question 7

Similar rock formations have been discovered in Brazil and South Africa. These rock formations were formed at the same time and are made of the same types of rocks. What could explain how these rocks got so far apart?

Accepted Answer

Brazil and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates slowly moved far apart as soft, solid rock from underneath got added to the edges of the plates over millions of years.

Answer

Brazil and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates were sometimes pushed far apart by earthquakes, and soft, solid rock from underneath got added to the edges of the plates.

Answer

Brazil and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates floated away from each other across the ocean.

Answer

Brazil and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates slowly moved apart as new plates from underneath got added between them over millions of years.

Question 8

Patterns on this map tell us that . . .

Accepted Answer

volcanic activity and earthquakes happened in similar areas.

Answer

volcanic activity and earthquakes happened in random locations all over the map.

Answer

volcanic activity and earthquakes happened in the following order: volcanic activity, earthquake, volcanic activity, earthquake, and so on.

Answer

volcanic activity and earthquakes can cause damage to buildings and hurt people.

Question 9

Which statement best describes what Earth’s outer layer is like underneath the
surface in the image?

Accepted Answer

Underneath both the soil and the ocean, Earth’s outer layer is made of hard, solid rock

Answer

Underneath the soil, the Earth’s outer layer is made of water.

Answer

Underneath the soil, Earth’s outer layer is made of hard, solid rock. Underneath the ocean, Earth’s outer layer is made of sand.

Answer

Underneath both the soil and the ocean, Earth’s outer layer is made of sand and water.

Question 10

Dr. Bailey and his team are studying two plates that are far apart from each other. However, these two plates used to be next to each other. Which diagram shows what Dr. Bailey and his team would find between these plates?

Accepted Answer

Diagram A: Soft, solid rock from underneath the plates rose and hardened, adding solid rock to the edges of both plates.

Answer

Diagram B: A new plate from underneath filled in the gap that was created by the plates moving apart.

Answer

Diagram C: Sand and dirt filled in the gap that was created by the plates moving apart

Answer

Diagram D: Ocean water filled in the gap that was created by the plates moving apart

Question 11

In the past, Africa used to be farther away from Europe than it is now
(shown above). What could explain why Africa is closer to Europe now
than it was before?

Accepted Answer

Africa and Europe are parts of different plates. The plates slowly moved toward each other as one plate went under the other plate into soft, solid rock over millions of years.

Answer

Africa and Europe are parts of different plates. The plates were sometimes pushed toward each other by earthquakes, and one plate went under the other plate into soft, solid rock.

Answer

Africa and Europe are parts of different plates. The plates slowly moved toward each other over millions of years. When the plates hit each other, they broke into smaller pieces

Answer

Africa and Europe are parts of different plates. The plates floated toward each other across the ocean.

Question 12

Scientists often study cross-sections to better understand what the inside of
something looks like. If we took a cross-section of an apple by cutting it vertically, what would the cross-section look like?

Accepted Answer

Diagram A

Answer

Diagram D

Answer

Diagram B

Answer

Diagram C

Question 13

A team of engineers wants to study hard, solid rock under the surface of Earth.
The team is considering drilling down in the Indian Ocean (1) and in Sri Lanka (2).
Where will the team find hard, solid rock?

Accepted Answer

under 1 and 2, because Earth’s entire outer layer is made of hard, solid rock

Answer

neither under 1 nor 2, because there is sand and gravel underneath both places

Answer

only under 2, because Earth’s outer layer is made of hard, solid rock underneath continents but not under the ocean

Answer

neither under 1 nor 2, because there is water underneath both places

Question 14

A team of researchers has been using GPS data to track two plates that are
moving toward each other. Which diagram shows what is happening at the place
where the plates are moving toward each other?

Accepted Answer

Diagram B: One plate is going underneath the other plate and sinking into the soft rock below.

Answer

Diagram A: One plate is going underneath the other plate and sinking into the ocean below.

Answer

Diagram C: Two plates are hitting each other, and the plates are breaking into pieces, creating sand.

Answer

Diagram D: Two plates are pushing against each other, causing the edges to bend upward.

Question 15

Fossil remains of Cynognathus (an extinct large-bodied animal) have been
discovered in Argentina and South Africa. When they were living, all the
Cynognathus lived together on land, and they could not swim. However, now there is an ocean between the Cynognathus fossils. What could explain how these fossils got so far apart?

Accepted Answer

Argentina and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates slowly moved far apart as soft, solid rock from underneath got added to the edges of the plates over millions of years.

Answer

Argentina and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates were sometimes pushed far apart by earthquakes, and soft, solid rock from underneath got added to the edges of the plates.

Answer

Argentina and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates slowly moved apart as new plates from underneath got added between them over millions of years.

Answer

Argentina and South Africa are parts of different plates. The plates floated away from each other across the ocean.

Question 16

Patterns on this map tell us that . . .

Accepted Answer

volcanic activity and earthquakes happened in similar areas.

Answer

volcanic activity and earthquakes can cause damage to buildings and hurt people

Answer

volcanic activity and earthquakes happened in random locations all over the map.

Answer

volcanic activity and earthquakes happened in the following order: volcanic activity, earthquake, volcanic activity, earthquake, and so on.

Question 17

convergent

Accepted Answer

moving toward the same place

Answer

moving away from each other

Question 18

Cross Section

Accepted Answer

A diagram that shows what the inside of something looks like.

Answer

A diagonal portion of a larger object.

Answer

When two lines are drawn over each other at a 90 angle

Answer

A piece of a pizza.

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