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Pollution and Our Senses
QuizĀ by Selvi Franciska Putri
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Create a multiple choice test (10 questions with answers) from the following text: The Environment The environment is the combination of forces and conditions that surround and influence living and non-living things. Human beingsā environment includes such factors as temperature, food supply and other people that surround them. A plantās environment may be made up of soil, sunlight, and animals that will eat the plant. A rockās environment may be made up of seaweed, water and fish. Non-living environmental factors, such as temperature and sunlight, make up the abiotic (non-living) environment. Living organisms such as seaweed and food, make up the biotic environment. Both the abiotic and biotic environments interact to make up the total environment of living and non-living things. Ecology Ecology studies the relationships between living things and their environment. No living thing, plant or animal, lives alone. Every living thing depends in some way upon certain other living and non-living things to survive. The study of ecology increases our understanding of the world and all its creatures. This is crucial because humanityās survival and well-being depend on relationships that exist on a world-wide basis: changes in distant parts of the world affect us and our environment. One concern of ecologists is the rate at which we are using up natural resources such as coal, gas, and oil. Along with scientists, they are searching for ways to use sunlight and atomic energy for fuel and power as alternative energy sources. Ecology also studies how many living organisms there are on Earth and how they are distributed. It also considers non-living physical factors of the environment, for example the presence of water, as these can influence where organisms decide to live. It is also important to know which organisms share the same environment, as they may need each other to survive. This kind of information helps ecologists to conserve our natural world, protecting the habitat of animals that are in danger of extinction, or trying to reduce pollution and global warming. Ecosystems Ecosystems are biological communities of all living things like plants, animals and organisms in a specific area that interact with each other and with the non-living forms present in their environment. They are the foundations of the biosphere and determine the health of the entire planetās system. A biosphere is a global ecosystem, containing many different kinds of ecosystems.Our Environment and PollutionOwls, such as the young snowy owls on the previous page, have for centuries been symbols of both wisdom and mystery. To many cultures their piercing eyes have conveyed a look of intelligence. Their silent flight through darkened landscapes in search of prey has projected an air of power or wonder. For this chapter and this book, owls are an engaging example of a living organism from the world of biologyāthe study of life. BIOLOGY AND YOU Living in a small town, in the country, or at the edge of the suburbs, one may be lucky enough to hear an owl's hooting. This experience can lead to questions about where the bird lives, what it hunts, and how it finds its prey on dark, moonless nights. Biology, or the study of life, offers an organized and scientific framework for posing and answering such questions about the natural world. Biologists study questions about how living things work, how they interact with the environment, and how they change over time. Biologists study many different kinds of living things ranging from tiny organisms, such as bacteria, to very large organisms, such as elephants. Each day, biologists investigate subjects that affect you and the way you live. For example, biologists determine which foods are healthy. As shown in Figure 1-1, everyone is affected by this impor- tant topic. Biologists also study how much a person should exer- cise and how one can avoid getting sick. Biologists also study what your air, land, and food supply will be like in the near future. SECTION 1 OBJECTIVES ā Relate the relevance of biology to a personās daily life. ā Describe the importance of biology in human society. ā List the characteristics of living things. ā Summarize the hierarchy of organization within complex multicellular organisms. ā Distinguish between homeostasis and metabolism and between growth, development, and reproduction. VOCABULARY biology organization cell unicellular multicellular organ tissue organelle biological molecule homeostasis metabolism cell division development reproduction gene Copyright Ā© by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Biology, the study of life, directly applies to your health, life, and future in ways as simple as daily food choices. FIGURE 1-1 6 CHAPTER 1 Biology and Society By studying biology you can make informed decisions on issues that impact you and our society. Every day newspapers, television, and the Internet contain issues that relate to biology. For example, you may read that your local water or air supply is polluted. How will that pollution affect your health and the health of other living things? You may hear about new technologies or tools that biolo- gists have invented. How will we control how those technologies and tools are used? Biologists actively work to solve these and other real-world issues and problems, including improving our food supply, curing diseases and preserving our environment.Ocean Animals Many kinds of animals live in the ocean. They are part of the ocean community. Let's meet some of these ocean animals. Most of the ones in this book are mammals, fish, or reptiles. I am a dolphin. I have a sleek body and a strong tail to swim fast. I live in a group called a pod, and I like to eat fish. I whistle to talk to other dolphins. I am a walrus, and I have ivory tusks. I use them to dig for clams and to protect myself. I live on ice and in cold water. My thick layer of fat keeps me warm. I am a hammerhead shark, and my head has a very funny shape. My eyes and nostrils are at the ends of lobes. I like to eat fish. I am a California sea lion. I am smart, noisy, and playful. I bark like a dog, and I am covered by short fur. I eat squid, octopus, and fish. I am an octopus. I have a soft body and no skeleton. I have eight arms with suckers. I shoot black ink from my body to hide and escape from danger. I can also change the color of my skin. I am a great white shark. I am a large and fierce shark. I have very sharp teeth that are shaped like triangles. I eat seals, dolphins, and fish. I am a manta ray. I have fins that look like wings. I am related to stingrays, but I do not sting. I am a sea horse, but I am not a horse. I am a fish. I change color to hide. Shrimp are my favorite food. Male sea horses, not females, carry eggs until they hatch. I am a leatherback turtle, the biggest turtle in the world. I lay eggs on land. Jellyfish are my favorite food. I am covered with leathery skin instead of a shell. I am a blue whale. I am the largest mammal ever to live. I make deep sounds that move through water. I eat tiny animals called krill. The ocean is home to all these animals. Many of them are endangered. They all suffer because of pollution and hunting. Keeping our oceans clean will help keep these animals alive.Eff..rs of ott.-PoFllat i What woLrld hoppen ro our colnrry i, it is ovetsp.pulored? When our counrry is ovā¬.-populdted, re @ ā¬xpā¬ri.nce rhā¬ foll.wirg: Food is our bdsic h@d. Whā¬n thā¬.Cs an ih.re.se ir populdtion it neans thar hore ,@d is iealed. It rheds ho .naJgh food, rrtrple irll srruggle wirh eddr othā¬r in ordeLro ā¬!'r- As o l!fllr, lhde rill be o f@d -- , ond ou, now]nert of on ihdiyiduol fron d c..tair - the move$eni o, on individudl our of o cerrain pla.e which help rā¬duce ihe populotion of th6t fr Arcihā¬. b.sic ned is w.ra. Wde. shorroge ocu.s when there is on ircreare of hu,nber of p@ple ro be $pptied. rn owr-popur.t d ore.s, woler is rdiorā¬d, Ir rEB rhoi supplies like ti,tWSS ond ,IWSI can'i $pply enoish worer. Do you hdve enough supply of sai.. in your oreo? Aside f.om food alld worer, shelier is olso ohe o, our inportant heeds. As the populoiion ihcre.!e!, building n.w hoLr!ā¬s or rheltā¬r is limit.i. To find solulion to this prcblā¬n, some goverihent og.ncies dnd orhs non{ovā¬Ihrehl offi.iofs (N6O) .onvefied sot@ ti.elields, du,np site. dnd nountcirlr inlo flbdivisions dnd relidentiols. Sut whot uould be ths effect o{ coMrtiig .i@fields to .6idā¬nri6l uits in our food supply? z , 2 Z Z :'", becouse there ore no enough space for prcpex garbage dkposol. ^s o rā¬sulr, sore peoPle lend to ihrow'their gorbdge onywh.fā¬. oorbdge baones brc{niry ond rursing ground of iEecrs and onidols ihot @se horm ro pe.ple. Dec.yiry garboge olso produces r,hpleaiant odor ard ehen burn if pmduces pois.nour qds @lled nelhohe As ihe populdtion incrā¬a3*, the 9d6.9e dso incraes. nris is T't ,,8 T H Wha you de living in on oa-populdi.d pla@, you moy oqaiae halrh prcblerns. Ir is be@@. the woi.r srpply is limit.d ihct will l..d you to poor hygi.ni. hobirs. In plo.4 like rhis, the surrouhdiigs naybe uniidy. o focrorthoi @uld oko cfFe.t your h4l'th. The common oilments rhot yd @uld oc$rire in ovesfDpllarā¬d ploces ore bEnchil is, o5l hnq. diqrrha and rube.culosis. 7,\ ,\\ \1" 6. Lnck of Herlrh sarvice llosi Pelple in 6n oM-populciā¬d 6ra 90 ro rubli. heilrh @trtas ond governhent hospirols be6u.e ii prcvides fr@ @Eulrorion oid los @sr rEdicdrions. A3 a ..suli, lhā¬sā¬ gow.nnenr dgā¬rciB b.@ne itud.4$re in mcetiig ihe n eds b..ou!ā¬ df ihsrfficiā¬nr funds. Lock of medicol personnel ,o odmaiisiā¬I is also s problen in mosr hosptols evā¬n rhere or. od.audtc supply of hedicire!. 7_ Do you how wlry rhe crimā¬ roiā¬ hexs ih becdurā¬ fiDre pe.ple o.e fnJrrctā¬d d@ ro sLfficiā¬.i naE io supp.rr their forniliG. ouf country inclY{ses? If is uh.mploymā¬ni dnd hdve no arinet .re u$dv grā¬{rer ia dn dq-popltdled ra whq. tl, , a, v, tlr I E. Air ard Watā¬r Pollutioh How dir be.o'nes pollutā¬d? I11ā¬ dir b@'nā¬s p.llurn be.4ne of rhe hormfolgoees thot ser. produ.4 by the fdcioriā¬s and vehicles. Itete {octories ond whi.l6 @ fuel ro run nochiB ond .JBin6. In ,hā¬ prc.ess, they give our Cdrboh Dioxide ond other ho.6ful gars.r such 6 Nittugei Oxide, Corbon l oioxide dnd Le.d iiio the oir. Do you know whot .ontdbute io ihe incrā¬asing number of whides qnd foctories? It is ihe inc.6e o, populdtion. As whdt I hove dis.!sse!, wirh a lihired sra.e 9@bd9e disposalie one of the problens thot .o!ld ise i, dh o!er-pop!,.tā¬d ploce. exn,jple ot thie orc rhosā¬ pelplā¬ livi,rg oh the raverside teid 'ro ,hrou, lheir gEr&ge Hde you seen 'th. P6si9 river or the Tulyahan river? Did you {ind it Whdr do you think i! ihe effā¬.t of ihis ih the.re4iures sho lives ih Ahothd f6do.s thal could.on rlbule to wdtd pollutioh dre oil s?ills, gorbqgā¬ fro,n boa, or ships ahd somā¬ ihdust.iol wosre. 9. Ite l@96f p4.enroge group. Individuols who orc this grclp. of olr popllarioh is compos.n of the working @pobla of s'rpporting ,heir fomilies nok !-up Though rhas group hol& the lojgeei percenroge of d. populaiion, rhis olso becomer one o{ oveFpopulored problā¬]ns bā¬4use there ore rc jobs awildble fo. oll of iha10. Erergy Shortdge ltere will be on energy shortdge iJ ihe populdtion incre63"l be.dise rhe d.,nand i. ā¬le.iriciry is high. Why is thai wh.n th. PoPqldion inclE.g, rhe d4ord in el4tricity is high? Ir B be.ouse there $,ould be 8to.e hdsat dnd blildirys to lighr ond nore el?riric oPPliohces ro run. rt.6rcznho!3.Ef+ed Whor is rhe grernho@ effā¬.r? In whoi say il c.uld offect c2 6re.hhG. effed is rhe wdrniltg of rhe drltlosphee. lvhen the 5un worft rhe.nrrh s1jrf.@, sone of rhe h@r goā¬J bo.k ro rhe ornos?herc. Air an the dtnDsphere which is C@boi Dioxid. ,rops ihe heot 6hd it mok6 the a.th very worm. As ihe populdtion coniinuou!|,l gtol4 , the gt@rl$use etfe.t b@res no.e visible. Ir is becaosu ,hera ore mo.e focrories snd whicl.s iha, produce wdstā¬s ond fuma5 which cduses more C{.bo. Diodde ir the ormosphere. As a rcsutt, ,herc eiould be nore h4, ,rop in the ornosphere uhich osk6 th. @ih nuch wornerIf this will hoppen continuously, ,hā¬ fish ih thā¬ ocah *ill diā¬, ricerields/f@mlands will dry too due to lhā¬ wcm clitnole 12. Destruction of rhe Ozone Loyer A5 whot you hove l@med lrheh you de in v5-6, rhot the qzore ldver is 'the proiecrive loyā¬. of the olnosPhdā¬. ft protects us {rom the homful effects of ultrdviolei rays of the su. Do you khow ,hot our Ozore lolā¬t q4. dQ4tt\!ci.d? Il olreadY hod holes lhai dllow the ulrroviolet rdys to .4dt ihe @rrh. How do6 this hdpPei? Does th. in rc$e of poPuldioh h@ā¬ sonething 'to do tr,lh ir? Yes, rhe I6i grov/irts PoPuldiion .odribuied o lot be@use 6 th' populotion incre3es, rhe u5e of refrigerd'tors, dā¬rosol lProvs 6nd pl4srics 6bo ihcre&s6. The sid producls coiiojn chemicol called Chlorofluorocdrbons (CFCS) which is mix wafh ihe dir in ihe ormosPherā¬. As o resulr. ihe hcrmfirl chernicol rā¬oches the Prolectiw ldver dnd lhrowh. hole in {hid ult@iolzi cahders aid cai4.ct3 ,F.*Y.iis hi!586$qā¬9.7,- Ho$ doas dcid rdin form? Is cid roii hdmful ro rEn? In the prcvious dis.ussions, yodtā¬ t.onā¬d rhd more vel .1e3 dnd fdctoriā¬s orā¬ necded fo het the iii:.e.siry number o{ P@Pla. Lefs now fihd af hd f@tot.iā¬s dnd vehicle! .ontribure in the forrEtion of ocid When foctories 6nd whi.ler give off woste gd..3 ,hot will ,nix on lhe noisture i. rhe oir, it will ihen Produ.e sulPhu.i. ocld dnd Nitri. o.id. 'Ihe clol,Jd folb will ,hā¬h obsorb rhese ccids ond ehei ihe clold f.lls os .oin, ih. ccid is ahady Pdrr of itU/ha d.id ftin falls oh lok"!, ,46 or ocan ihā¬ fish sill die d.d if h fdlls oh fopnlonds,lhe pldni. together oith the soil B desrroyed. When you inhole dir with Niiric acid, your blood will los. irs @pobilily io fonspori Oxygā¬h to your diffā¬.ai bodY Po.i3. ScieniisB include other rorns oJ dcidic prā¬cipiigrion. Thesā¬ drc nisi, Do you krcw ihot Nuclerr power slotionr Use .adiodctive ,ndie.ials in producirE fuels, yet, rhey do and those .odioactiw rndlqlotE gi\e otf radio'ting en.rgy thoi is harmrul 'to livirq thilEs. wlren rodiotion enlert ihe body ot living things it {ill srq rhere for o lorg ,eriod of ri'ne. Exonple fhe rodiqtion vG srilled to the c.m. Then rhe @rn will be aie by rhe chicken, the .odiotion o the c.rn 'rill also 'tronsfā¬r to the chi.kā¬n. Wha on individuol als ihe nat of the chickeh sith mdiarion, helshe rill .ko oblorb ihe rodi@.tirc mtaid that will destrcy hB/her .ā¬lls ond ruket hnn/hd si.r. Over-populoiion .on leld to food shoridgā¬, wdter shorroqe, housiB problā¬ms, qdrbogā¬ problā¬rs, lock of halrh sdi.e. tisa ol clit@ rote, oir ond woiā¬r pollution, uhanpl6ynat, eiergy 5horr69e, grenhoq3ā¬ efreci, desrruction o( th. ozo@ lat/e?, rci.l roi. olld e.lā¬d. wattaEnvironmental Protection ā Vocabulary Quiz (B1+) š§ 1. What does ārenewable energyā mean? a) Energy that never runs out and comes from nature š b) Energy that comes only from coal and oil c) Energy that canāt be used again d) Energy made from plastic ā
Correct answer: a) Energy that never runs out and comes from nature š š§ 2. What are āsingle-use plasticsā? a) Plastics that can be recycled many times b) Plastics used once and then thrown away šÆ c) Plastics that last forever d) Plastics used only for energy production ā
Correct answer: b) Plastics used once and then thrown away šÆ šļø 3. What is āwasteā? a) Things we eat b) Things we throw away because we donāt need them ā»ļø c) Energy from the sun d) Clean water and air ā
Correct answer: b) Things we throw away because we donāt need them ā»ļø š± 4. What does āreduceā mean in the context of environmental protection? a) To use more of something b) To make or use less of something š½ c) To destroy nature d) To create pollution ā
Correct answer: b) To make or use less of something š½ ā»ļø 5. What does ārecycleā mean? a) To use materials again instead of throwing them away b) To burn plastic waste c) To stop using energy d) To clean streets ā
Correct answer: a) To use materials again instead of throwing them away š¬ 6. Choose the correct sentence: a) We should recycle waste to protect the environment. ā
b) We should throw away all plastic bottles. c) Renewable energy is bad for nature. d) We need more single-use plastics in our cities. ā
Correct answer: a) We should recycle waste to protect the environment. šæ 7. Fill in the blank: We can ______ pollution if we use public transport and save electricity. a) recycle b) reduce c) waste d) throw ā
Correct answer: b) reduce š” 8. True or False: āSolar and wind power are examples of renewable energy.ā ā
Answer: True āļøšØ š 9. Which of these actions helps protect the environment the most? a) Using renewable energy b) Buying single-use plastics c) Producing more waste d) Throwing rubbish in the street ā
Correct answer: a) Using renewable energy š 10. Complete the sentence: People should ______ paper, glass, and plastic to keep the planet clean. a) waste b) reduce c) recycle d) ignore ā
Correct answer: c) recycleA Choose the correct answer. 1 When his grandma died, he came ā¦.. some of her money and property. A into C across B up D round 2 We should try to ā¦.. the amount of rubbish in our area. A increase C provide B improve D reduce 3 I avoid driving to work because there are always ā¦.. jams in the centre. A transport C power B traffic D station 4 By the end of the year, there will be more ā¦.. farms in our city. A solar C floating B vertical D electric 5 Who is going to ā¦.. our new piano? A deal C deliver B produce D construct 6 She doesnāt like being ā¦.. in the house; she wants people around her. A healthy C lonely B crowded D alone 7 Why donāt you come ā¦.. for dinner tonight? A up C over B into D back 8 Mr Jones has found the cure for a serious ā¦.. . A disease C crime B pollution D poverty 9 Scientists are hopeful ā¦.. the future of energy sources. A for C about B in D with 10 Do you think ā¦.. tube trains will ever be used? A drone C charging B front D vacuum Grammar B Choose the correct answer. 1 Iāll still ā¦.. two hours from now. A have gardened C garden B have gardening D be gardening 2 ā¦.. you ā¦.. your homework by 7 oāclock? A Will ... finish C Will ā¦ have finished B Will ā¦ be finishing D Wonāt ā¦ finish 3 By 2100, experts ā¦.. new energy sources. A will have discovered C will be discovering B will be discovered D will discover 4 The film will have started before we ā¦.. there. A will have got C get B will get D will be getting 5 This time tomorrow, Sheila ā¦.. a job interview. A will have C will be having B is having D will have had 6 David ..... back from work by dinner time. A will be coming C will have come B will come D wonāt be coming 7 I canāt believe that in a few hours, we ā¦.. our first live concert. A are performing C will have performed B will be performing D will perform 8 ā¦.. next Friday, I will be flying to Glasgow. A This time C By B At D Until 9 Jake ā¦.. by the end of September. A will retire C will have retired B is retiring D will be retiring 10 ā¦.. the time Mum gets home, I will have tidied my room. A Before C Until B At D By Everyday English C Choose the correct answer. 1 A: How did you find that job? B: a Iāll be working in the local library. b Iāll be there from June 15th. c There was an advert online. 2 A: I canāt wait! B: a Sounds like fun. b Iāll work in my uncleās restaurant. c Iāll stay there for two weeks. 3 A: Do you have any plans for the summer? B: a Really? b What about you? c Havenāt I told you? 4 A: What will your duties be? B: a Iāll be flying to London to see my uncle. b Iāll be helping customers. c Iāll have earned enough money to buy a new smartphone. 5 A: How long will you stay there? B: a Until the end of July. b Well, this time next week, Iāll be relaxing. c And what are your plans? CONTENT A disaster is a sad event that happens suddenly. A disaster can come from nature or by accident. Natural disaster is disaster caused by nature. They are not caused by manās carelessness. The following are examples of natural disaster: i) Earthquakes ii) Floods iii) Tornadoes iv) Windstorms v) Volcanoes vi) Erosion vii) Tsunami viii) Thunderstorm. BAD EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTER ARE AS FOLLOWS: i) Loss of human lives. ii) Loss of animal lives. iii) Damages to building iv)Damages to roads and bridges v) Pollution of land, air and water. vi)Destruction of electric poles and cables. WAYS OF CONTROLLING NATURAL DISASTER ARE: i) Building houses far away from rivers. ii) Thunder- catchers should be used in areas where thunder and lightning are common. iii) Planting of trees around our houses. iv) By not throwing refuse into gutters because this causes flooding.