1. Who were the Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

What were some Causes of Tension in Europe Prior to WWI

Imperialism, Nationalism, Balkanization, Militarism, Alliance System

Nationalism, Consumerism, Communism

Isolationism, Militarism, Bantuism

Why did England get involved in World War I

Treaty with Belgium of protection

Treaty with Serbia of protection

Treaty with France of protection

Treaty with Bosnia of protection

What was the Sussex Pledge?

a promise made by Germany to U.S. that passenger and merchant ships would not be torpedoed without warning

promise made by Germany to U.S. that cargo shops would not be harmed

promise made by Germany to U.S. that they would not attack U.S. ships

promise made by Germany to U.S. that they would not fire upon ships carrying Americans

Why did Russia quit the war?

was to costly for Russia to be involved

to fight their own war with the U.S.

Power Point quiz WWI

Create quiz based on this information Who is the author of Letter 1, and who is the intended recipient? The author of Letter 1 is Robert Walton. The intended recipient is his sister, Mrs. Saville. What is the author's purpose in writing this letter? The author's purpose in writing this letter is to update his sister on his progress and feelings regarding his upcoming Arctic expedition. Where is the author currently located, and what is the significance of the setting? The author is currently in St. Petersburg, Russia. The significance of the setting is that it is the starting point of his journey towards the Arctic, and it sets the tone for the novel's exploration of extreme environments. Describe the author's feelings about the natural world and the northern journey. The author expresses excitement and confidence about his journey. He is inspired by the cold northern breeze, which fills him with delight and a sense of adventure. What is the author's fascination with the pole, and how does he describe it? The author is fascinated by the idea of the North Pole as a land of beauty and eternal light. He envisions it as a region of wonder and hopes to make groundbreaking discoveries there. What are some of the author's hopes and expectations for his journey? The author hopes to make significant discoveries, including a passage near the pole to shorten travel times and the secret of the magnet's power. He also wants to explore uncharted lands. How does the author's enthusiasm change as he writes the letter? At the beginning of the letter, the author is enthusiastic and confident. However, as he reflects on the challenges and uncertainties of his journey, his enthusiasm becomes mixed with doubt and a sense of the unknown. What role has reading played in the author's life, and how does it relate to his journey? Reading has played a significant role in the author's life, sparking his early interest in exploration. He initially wanted to embark on a seafaring life, but reading led him to poetry and later to his current expedition. How has the author prepared for his upcoming expedition? The author has prepared by enduring hardships, accompanying whale-fishers, studying mathematics, medicine, and physical science, and even working as an under-mate on a Greenland whaler to gain practical experience. What does the author express about his feelings, courage, and hopes for the future? The author expresses a strong desire to achieve a great purpose and a willingness to face the challenges and uncertainties of his expedition with courage. He hopes to return triumphant but acknowledges that success may take a long time, if ever.

Multiple choice quiz on this reading: By 1900, the United States had claimed its place as a world power through the Spanish-American War. As the new century began, the country governed subject territories in Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Guam, the Wake Islands, and the Philippines. U.S. troops also occupied Cuba. U.S. businesses reached beyond the country's borders. During the first decade of the new century, the Coca-Cola Company, Quaker Oats, AT&T, the Standard Oil Company, Du Pont, General Electric, and Ford Motor Company seized the opportunity for international sales. After finding international markets, they built factories abroad, taking advantage of lower labor costs in foreign countries. Then they asked for U.S. protection of their investments and interests. Foreign countries invested heavily in Central America. U.S. investors focused on banana plantations and mining, as well as railroads, with little money in government bonds. By 1913, U.S. investments in Central America totaled about $93 million. British investment in Central America peaked at about $115 million in 1913. About $75 million of that total represented railroad holdings, mostly in Costa Rica and Guatemala. The other $40 million was in government bonds, which were worth little or nothing. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine From its earliest days, the United States claimed a special interest in the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine, issued in 1823, warned European powers to keep their hands off Latin America. In 1902, Britain, Germany, and Italy mounted a naval blockade of Venezuela. They wanted to force the government to repay its debts. All the countries involved eventually agreed to settle the matter by arbitration. The United States stood back and did nothing, but U.S. citizens were clearly uneasy with the appearance of European military forces in "their" hemisphere. In 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt issued a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, saying that the United States would act as a police officer to keep order in the region. He intended both to keep European military forces out of the hemisphere and to protect U.S. and European investors, exerting whatever pressure or control on Latin American governments that might be necessary to these ends. In 1905, the Dominican Republic owed $40 million in debts to European lenders. In order to prevent the European nations from using military force to collect their debts, Roosevelt used U.S. power. The United States basically took over collection of Dominican customs taxes, declared that $20 million of the debt was unjustified, and began repayment of the rest. Building a Canal The United States needed a canal through Central America, in order to save shipping time and costs. Colombia had the best location for a canal, and the United States negotiated a deal. It would pay Colombia $10 million for a three-mile-wide strip of land and would make annual rental payments of $250,000 yearly, beginning in 1912. Colombia's Senate turned down the deal, and Roosevelt exploded in rage, calling its members "foolish and homicidal corruptionists." Roosevelt considered seizing the land for the canal by military force but soon found an easier way. The province of Panama seceded from Colombia. A U.S. gunship stood off shore, protecting the Panamanian rebels. They formed a new republic under the protection of the United States. The new country of Panama and the United States agreed on a canal treaty within days. The new treaty had similar terms except that the Canal Zone would be five miles wide, instead of three, and the United States would guarantee and maintain the independence of Panama. Revolutions While Roosevelt welcomed the revolution that separated Panama from Colombia, he opposed most other revolutionary activity. So did his successors in office, William Howard Taft and Woodrow Wilson. The U.S. presidents sent troops to put down revolutions in Nicaragua and Haiti, using U.S. military forces to set up new governments in those countries and maintaining military occupations for years. U.S. military interventions were frequent throughout the hemisphere. Dollar Diplomacy President Taft preferred using "dollar diplomacy" to control Latin American countries. In Honduras, for example, U.S.-based banana companies virtually ran the government. Taft supported expanded U.S. investment in South and Central American countries, the Caribbean, and the Far East. He ordered Secretary of State Philander Chase Knox to protect U.S. investments, sending in military troops if necessary. On the World Stage As a world power, the United States did not limit its involvement to the Western Hemisphere. In 1905, President Roosevelt brought Russia and Japan to the negotiating table to end their war over control of Korea and Manchuria. Roosevelt agreed to Japanese annexation of Korea in return for Japan giving up any claim to China, Hawaii, and the Philippines. Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for settling this dispute. In 1906, Roosevelt's negotiating powers were tested again. This time, he mediated a dispute between the Alliance powers—Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy—with the Entente—France, Russia, and Britain—over control of Morocco. The United States backed France and ended the dispute. No longer an upstart, the United States had taken its place as a world power alongside its former colonial ruler.

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