How many research designs are under qualitative research approach?

This research design focuses on the commonality or similarity of the lived experience of an individual within a particular group.

How many participants is the ideal for ethnography?

This research design involves the construction of theory through gathering and analyzing data (Breuer, 2009) using comparative analysis.

How many participants is the ideal for phenomenology?

This research design used to generate or determine an in-depth understanding of an issue inits real-life context.

How many participants is the ideal for case study?

This research design aims to identify and analyze to uncover the attitudes and emotions of a specific group of individuals (Ellis and Bochner, 1996).

All of these are elements of ethnography except:

It is the selected individual/s who will serve as main source of the data (Mujere, 2016).

It refers to the process of selecting a representative group from the population being studied (Taherdoost, 2018).

It is the manner or way the samples will be taken.

It is the process by which samples will be selected.

This sampling technique is usually employed in qualitative research.

This non-probability sampling technique have the sample taken from a group or people who are easy to contract or to reach (Etikan, 2016).

This non-probability sampling technique relies on researcher's judgement when choosing participants through predetermined standards.

This purposive non-probability sampling technique identifies participants through particular criteria based from the needs of the study (Suri, 2011).

This purposive non-probability sampling technique chooses participants based on their capability in providing the necessary data for the research (Coyne, 1997).

This purposive non-probability sampling technique identifies only one (1) or two (2) participants and the rest are recruited through the referrals of the previous participants (Patton, 1990).

This pertains to soliciting specific information from through conversing and asking questions.

This engages the researcher with a group of people to obtain the needed data for the study.

This allows the researcher to engage actively in the conduct of the study by observing the behavior and actions of a group of people in an everyday context.

Here, the researcher will analyze the obtained data from documents to understand the phenomenon.

This is the tool used in interviews. It is composed of pre-structured questions.

This is the tool used in observations. It is composed of pre-determined characteristics or scenarios.

This type of interview requires the researcher to prepare sets of questions which will be asked to the participants. Here, the interview session will be organized by means of following its content sequence.

This type of interview lies on the concept of combining the features of both structured and unstructured type. Here, the researcher allows himself/herself to ask probing questions which are not written from the prepared questionnaire.

This type of interview has no prepared sets of questions for the interviewee. Here, the researcher is required to have enough knowledge of the topic under investigation.

This type of observation makes the researcher as a participant observer wherein he/she can interact with the group of people in a particular setting.

This type of observation implies that the participants of the study do not know that they are being observed.

This type of observation implies that the participants of the study know that they are being observed.

This type of observation makes the researcher on the other hand as an observer participant wherein he/she considers himself/herself as a visitor only.

This type of observation does not really require the researcher to have a prepared tool at hand, but its consideration relies merely on the documentation of data transpired from the observation.

This type of observation requires the researcher to have a prepared tool at hand during its conduct.

Something that occurs frequently.

This is created when the same issues and ideas conveyed by participants are carried together into a particular category or cluster.

This is written text form of the interview from participants.

This is shorthand labels assigned to the transcripts.

This is the visual representation of themes and ideas connected or emerging from the given phenomenon.

This showcases each theme and the branching sub-themes and ideas under them.

This showcases the phenomenon or topic on hand and the branching themes emerging from it.

This can be examined formally and informally. In the informal, investigators simply read the text and note words or synonyms that are used a lot. A formal analysis can be done by creating a list of all the extraordinary words in a text and counting the number of times each occurs.

Examination of words starts with proofreading the documents and simply underlining major phrases.

Pinpoint keywords and then analytically search the corpus of words to find all instances of the word or phrase. Themes get identified by physically categorizing the examples into piles of similar meaning.

It is especially beneficial for identifying subthemes. We first read through the text and identify quotes that seem somehow essential. We cut out each quote and paste the material on small index cards.

The initial step is to get to know our data. It is essential to get a comprehensive overview of all the data we gathered before we begin analyzing separate items.

If we face challenges with our themes, we might divide them, combine them, remove them or generate new ones: whatever makes them more valuable and precise.

Identify patterns among them and begin coming up with themes. Themes are normally broader than codes. Most of the time, you will bring together several codes into a single theme.

Means highlighting sections of our text – normally phrases or sentences – and coming up with shorthand labels or “codes” to illustrate their content.

A method for analyzing qualitative data that involves reading through a set of data and looking for patterns in the meaning of the data to find themes.